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SCIENCE LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
WEEK 1

Science is the use of evidence to construct testable In scientific investigation the question we ask is
explanations and predictions of natural phenomena called a Research Question. The research question
as well as the knowledge generated through this is sometimes formed as a statement and is called
process. the "Problem" or "Problem Statement."
We use the Scientific Method in order to achieve The discussion on Enotes.com emphasizes that a
this. good research question has the following
characteristics:
Scientific investigation is also known as scientific
inquiry. It is a complete approach to learn science • It should have some answers (real answers)
through practical works.
• It should be testable (can be tested by someone
The scientific method is a process used by through an experiment or measurement)
scientists to study the world around them. It can
• Leads to a hypothesis that is falsifiable (means it
also be used to test whether any statement is
should generate a hypothesis that can be shown to
accurate. You can use the scientific method to
fail).
study a leaf, a dog, an ocean, or the entire
Universe. We all have questions about the world. In general, questions that require you to recall
The scientific method is there to test if your answer observations or repeat given information are
is correct. You could ask, "Why do dogs and cats considered low-level questions. These questions do
have hair?" One answer might be that it keeps not require much thinking. High-level questions, on
them warm. A good scientist would then come up the other hand, require you to think about why and
with an experiment to test whether the statement how things happen. It must be investigative in
was accurate. BOOM! It's the scientific method in nature that it must identify cause-effect relationship
action. between factors of investigation. Like for example,
“Does increasing the amount of salt affect the
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD
floating of an egg?” or “What is the effect of
1. Making an Observation increasing the amount of salt on the floating of an
egg?” is/are good research question
Observation involves all of your basic sense
organs: the eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and hands. In 3. Formulating a Hypothesis
an observation, you do not only look, you have to
After you have identified a problem based on your
stare; you don’t only hear, you listen, you don’t only
observations and come up with asking research
taste and smell, you savor; and you don’t only
questions, you are now ready for the next steps of
touch, you feel.
the Scientific Method which is formulating
Most of the time however, you think you are hypothesis.
observing when in fact you are inferring. While
Solutions to problems start with the formulation of a
observation is actually seeing, smelling, hearing,
hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess
tasting and touching, inferring is making
based on one’s observation. It is a tentative
interpretations based on your past observations or
explanation for a behavior, event or phenomenon
experiences. You call this an inference.
that will occur. A hypothesis maybe rejected or
• Qualitative observations merely describe accepted.
quality while quantitative observations express the
Formulating a hypothesis is the same as predicting.
exact quantity referred to using a number.
It is made about future events on the basis of
• Quantitative observation is stated to answer ordered data. From the hypothesis, solutions to the
how much/how many of the qualitative observations problem can be sought.
are observed.
Remember, you can have many hypotheses for
When you quantify your observations, you need to one observation. You can also state your
use some mathematical concepts like hypothesis in different ways, for as long as the
measurement and formulas for determining the factors involved in the study are included in the
mass and volume of objects. statement. One good way of stating the hypothesis
is by using the “If” and “then”… statement.
2. Asking Questions
Example: Using the experiment of Thomas Alva
Asking the right questions at the right time is a sign
Edison. (Source: Science and Technology I, SEDP
of curiosity, objectivity and a desire to learn more.
Series, DECS pp. 3-4. )
Problem: How to make a light enough to lit a room methods. This method is cheaper and can be
using a wire? applied in a short period of time. Qualitative data
collection method does not involve mathematical
Question: What is the effect of decreasing the size
calculations. It includes interviews, questionnaires,
of an iron wire on the amount of light it produces?
observations, case studies etc.
Hypothesis: If the size of an iron wire is thinner,
There are several methods to collect primary data.
then the amount of light produced increases.
These are:
Note: The underlined phrases are referred to as
• Observation method is used when the study
factors involved in the study which will later be
relates to behavioral science. This method is
defined as variables
planned systematically. The different types of
4. Designing an Experiment observation are

One of the essential parts of the scientific method is 1. Structured and unstructured observation
in designing the experiment. Through its conduct,
2. Controlled and uncontrolled observation
the researcher/ scientist can test the effect of
different actions applied. It is a way of testing the 3. Participation, non-participant and disguised
hypothesis formulated. It checks or supports observation.
whether the hypothesis is a good solution to the
• Interview method is a method of collecting
problem identified. The experiment consists of two
data in terms of oral or verbal responses. It is
groups: experimental and control. The experimental
achieved in two ways, such as Personal Interview
group refers to the group where the factor being
and Telephonic Interview.
treated is included, it is the group being
experimented on. The control group is the part of • Questionnaire Method is a method where
the experiment where the factors involved remains questionnaires are given to the respondents. They
the same or constant throughout the experiment. should read, reply and subsequently return the
questionnaire.
An experiment includes factors that changes or
alters during the experiment. These factors are After collecting data for your experiment, you
called variables. A variable is something in the should remember that these data must still undergo
experiment that can be changed or controlled thorough analysis. There are many ways to present
(something that is kept constant) throughout the and analyze data. One common example is by
activity. These variables are the following: gathering the data collected in a tabular form or
independent variable, dependent variable and presenting them through line graphs, bar graphs or
controlled (variable). The independent variable pie charts.
refers to the factor that is being changed or
manipulated by the person doing the experiment. Here are some ways to help you analyze your
The dependent variable refers to the factor in which experimental data:
the result of the changes in the independent 1. Always review your collected data. You may ask
variable is observed. It changes as a response to yourself the following questions:
the independent variable. Lastly, there are factors
that stay the same throughout the experiment and a. Have I gathered enough data?
they are called as constants/ control.
b. Did I make any mistakes while collecting data?
5. Collecting and Analyzing Data
c. Do I need to gather more data?
Scientific investigations produce data which lead to
2. Always make sure to label your tables and
finding solutions to the problem. These data must
graphs clearly. It is also wise to give a title for each
be collected and analyzed in order to find
presented data.
relationships between them. Furthermore, the data
collected will tell whether the formulated hypothesis 3. Include units of measurement such as
is correct. Thus, data collected must be properly centimeters, volume, tablespoons, minutes, grams,
organized. inches, etc.
In scientific investigation data collection is very 4. Place your independent variable on the x-axis of
important in order to help you conclude a solution your graph and the dependent variable on the y-
for the problem at hand. Data collection helps to axis
evaluate the outcome of the problem.
5. Review your presented data more than once.
There are different methods of data collection. Check for any missing value, misplaced information
Quantitative data collection method is based on or wrong computation. Once you have properly
mathematical calculations using various formats presented and analyzed your data, you will be one
like close-ended questions, correlation and step closer to reaching a conclusion for your
regression methods, mean, median and mode scientific investigation!
 Let’s Check Your Understanding!
ACTIVITY 1: SCIENTIST MIND!
6. Making Conclusions and Communicating Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that all living
Results organisms, including plants, need to make
amino acids which in turn makes proteins.
REMEMBER: When drawing conclusions, you
Often gardeners and farmers can be seen using
should answer the question or problem and it shall
nitrogen fertilizer on their plants.
be based solely on the results.
DIRECTION: USING THE INFORMATION GIVEN
REMEMBER: A scientific investigation doesn’t end
ABOVE, COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING
in just making a good conclusion. You also have to
SCIENTIFIC METHODS. WRITE YOUR ANSWER
communicate results. One of the ways to share
ON THE UNDERLINE GIVEN. SOME OF THE
results is to write a report which has essential parts
SCIENTIFIC METHODS ARE ALREADY
such as the Title, Problem, Hypothesis, Variables,
PROVIDED/ANSWERED FOR YOU AS YOUR
Groups, Results, and Conclusions.
GUIDE IN ANSWERING THIS ACTIVITY.
Drawing Conclusions is an essential step
OBSERVATION: Gardeners and farmers can be
because it:
seen using nitrogen fertilizer on their plants.
▪ contains a summary of the results of an
PROBLEM STATEMENT:____________________
experiment;
_________________________________________
▪ explains whether or not the results supported the
HYPOTHESIS:_____________________________
original hypothesis;
_________________________________________
▪ discusses any errors that were made in following
PREDICTION: Nitrogen fertilizer increases plant
procedures or keeping variables constant;
height.
▪ makes recommendations on how to expand the
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Whether or not the
experiment if it is going to be repeated; and
plants receive the nitrogen fertilizer.
▪ suggests ideas for future experiments that could
DEPENDENT
build upon current knowledge.
VARIABLE:____________________
Communicating Results is an important step _________________________________________
because it:
CONTROLLED VARIABLE: Type of plants,
▪ allows the scientific community to review the amount of water/fertilizer, amount of weeks tested,
information; amount of sun received.

▪ lets the scientific community to extend the studies; EXPERIMENTAL GROUP:

___________________
▪ permits the scientific community to use _________________________________________
information for related studies.
CONTROL GROUP: The group of plants that DO
Scientists communicate their results in a number of NOT RECEIVE the nitrogen fertilizer.
ways such as:
DATA COLLECTION:
▪ talk to small groups of scientists or give talks at
large scientific meetings
▪ report results in peer-reviewed journal articles and
at conferences
▪ write articles for scientific journals
▪ communicate results to journalists

Learning Competency Based on MELC’s:

 Describe the components of a scientific

investigation.
ANALYZING DATA: Ten Plants were used in this
Direction: DO NOT USE YELLOW PAD PAPER
experiment.
OR OTHER PAPER, WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON
THIS LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET. ANSWER
DIRECTLY.
  The 5 tallest plants all came from the PROBLEM:
experimental group (received nitrogen
fertilizer).
 The 5 shortest plants all came from the HYPOTHESIS:
control group (did not receive nitrogen
fertilizer).
VARIABLES
CONCLUSION: ____________________________ INDEPENDENT
_________________________________________ VARIABLE:

ACTIVITY 2: SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION DEPENDENT

REPORT VARIABLE:
Direction: Read the situation given below and CONTROLLED
complete the scientific investigation. Write your VARIABLE:
answer on the given template below.
Doctors in Well-Family Hospital are investigating on
the effectiveness of aspirin in terms of the time it
GROUPS
can relieve headache. Hence, they set up an
EXPERIMENTAL
experiment on two groups. Group A is comprised of GROUP:
people who had headache and took aspirin while
Group B is composed of people who had headache
but didn’t take any medicine. The doctors tabulated CONTROLLED
the results of their study below: GROUP:

RESULT/S:

CONCLUSION:
Directions: Given the initial data, make a scientific
investigation report by filling in the blanks with
the correct answer. Choose the answer from the
phrases/sentences below. Copy all the sentences,
not the letter. REMEMBER: A scientific investigation doesn’t
end in just making a good conclusion. You also
have to communicate results. One of the ways
A. If people with headache took aspirin, they would
to share results is to write a report which has
get a faster relief than those who didn’t.
essential parts such as the Title, Problem,
B. The group of people who took aspirin to relieve
headache. Hypothesis, Variables, Groups, Results, and
C. The group of people who didn’t take aspirin to Conclusions
relieve headache.
D. Taking aspirin is effective in relieving headache.
E. Whether people with headache took aspirin or not Applying Scientific Method on Our Lives
to relieve headache faster.
F. The frequency of taking aspirin. In every successful experiments and great
G. Will people with headache who took aspirin get a inventions that change the world there are basic
faster relief than those who didn’t? steps followed by the scientists or inventors.
H. The Effectiveness of Aspirin in Relieving
Headache. The scientific method is the steps followed by any
I. The results of taking aspirin to get a fast relief from scientist to solve problems and discover new
headache. things.
J. The chart shows that Group A or the people who
had headache and took aspirin got a faster relief Scientific method helps many scientists in solving
than Group B or those who didn’t. problems and in making their experiments, but not
WRITE YOUR ANSWER HERE, WRITE THE only scientific problems can be solve by its steps. It
SENTENCE, NOT THE LETTER! FOLLOW THE has also a potential to help us to be successful in
GIVEN DIRECTION. our everyday life and solve many personal
problems of an ordinary people.
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION REPORT
TITLE: References:
  https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib/NJ010
00562/Centricity/Domain/851/Scientific
%20Method%20-%20Reference
%20PPT.pdf
 https://dcmp.org/guides/9399.pdf
Prepared by: Noted by:

SAMINA C. MANAS MHECEL P. GALAY

SCIENCE TEACHER I SCIENCE MASTER TEACHER I

Noted by: Approved by:

MYLA C. MARCOS LUTHER D. CASTELO, Ed.D

SCIENCE HEAD TEACHER IV PRINCIPAL IV