MATHEMATICS 4

Module 2: FINDING GCF AND LCM

Day of Learning: Week 2

For Module 2, the following demonstrates a learning standard in which you will review and check the
column that describes your own learning.

I I I I
Learning
Standards

understood and I could understand with

could teach others understood and I the help of others do not yet fully
could do it understand
I can write a given
number as a
product of its prime
number
I can find the
common factors,
greatest common
factor (GCF),
common multiples
and least common
multiple (LCM) of
two numbers using
the following
methods: listing,
prime factorization,
and continuous
division

Lesson 1:
The Product of its Prime
Factors
GET SET

Observe and analyze the numbers and arrows in multiplying numbers. Answer what is asked below.

60

2 x 30

2 x 15

3 x 5
GO AND LEARN
In writing numbers as a product of its prime factors, we need to remember the Prime and Composite
Numbers.

1|Page
 Prime Numbers Composite Numbers

Number Factors Number Factors

2 – 1x2 (2 factors) 4 – 1 x 4 , 2 x 2 (3 factors)

3 – 1x3 (2 factors) 6 – 1 x 6, 2 x 3 (4 Factors)

5 – 1x5 8 – 1 x 8, 2 x 4

7 – 1x7 9 – 1 x 9, 3 x 3

11 – 1 x 11 10 – 1 x 10, 1 x 5

Prime factorization is a process of writing a composite number as a product of all its prime numbers.
There are two methods in finding the prime factors of a composite number. Remember the first 6 prime
numbers (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11). 1 is not a prime or a composite number. Prime has 2 factors 1 and it self while
composite has 3 or more factors. 1 has only one factor.

Method 1–Factor-Tree Method Another option for Factor-Tree

36
36 36
0 0
2 x 18
6 x 6 4 x 9
2 x 9

3 3 2 x 3 2 x 3 2 x 2 3 x 3
x
From the 3 options of Factor-Tree
Prime Factors Method and Continuous Division,
the Prime Factors of are 2 , 2, 3 and
3. The results are all the same.

In writing the product of its prime factors for

36, it should be written like this

Using a dot like this in a series of

36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 or 2.2.3.3 = 36 numbers, also means multiplication.

Another number using 2 methods with different options

Factor-Tree Continuous Division

A B A B C
x5
___
6
5 30 30 2|Page
3 6
x 2 =6
 You can check your answer by
multiplying the prime numbers from
bottom to top.
30 30 2 3 3 3
0 0 5 01 2 10
35 50
6 x 5 2 x 15
5

2 x 3 5 x 3

You have observed that in a number there are many options in determining the prime factors but the
answers are all the same. The product of the prime factors of 30 is 2 x 3 x 5 = 30 or 2.3.5 = 30

The product of the prime factors of 36 and 30 are:

This is called the Exponential

Form of prime factorization.
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 or 22 x 32 You can only use this form if
the prime factors are repeating.
30 = 2x3x5 Exponent will tell you the
Exponent number of times the number is
made as a factor.

Look at the numbers on how it was

written and arranged. From the left, it
started from the smallest to the
greatest prime number.

Remember:

 Prime Factorization is a process of writing composite numbers as a product of its prime numbers.
- Prime Numbers are numbers with only two factors one and itself.
The smallest prime number is 2.
- Composite Numbers are numbers with 3 or more factors.
 There are Two Ways of Prime Factorization
1. Factor-Tree
2. Continuous Division
 In writing Prime Factorization, start from the smallest number to the largest from left to right.
- You can also use the exponential form of writing prime factors if there are repeating
numbers. The number of times a number is made as a factor is the exponent.
DO IT
Direction: Fill in the missing numbers.

Factor-Tree Continuous Division

32 2 3
2
2 1
2 x ____ 6
____ 8
4
2 2
____ 3|Page
4 x
 2

2 x 2

Teacher’s Note:

DID YOU GET IT?

Directions: Read and understand each question carefully. Choose the letter of your best answer.

1. These are numbers with 2 factors only (one and itself).

a. prime number c. composite number
b. even numbers d. odd numbers

2. These are numbers with more than two factors.

a. prime number c. composite number
b. even numbers d. odd numbers

3. What are the factors of 21?

a. 1, 2, 3, 4, c. 1, 3, 7, 21

b. 1, 3, 21 d. 3, 7, 9, 21

4. What are the prime factors of 28?

a. 1 x 2 x 7 c. 1 x 1 x 28

b. 2 x 2 x 7 d. 1 x 28

5. What is the product of these prime factors 23 x 3?

a. 12 b. 18 c. 24 d. 28

6 – 8 Complete the Factor-Tree and Continuous Division below.

54
0 2 4
0
9 x _____ 2
5

___ x ___ 2 x 3

9. What is the prime factorization of 54? __________

10. What is the prime factorization of 40? _________

Teacher’s Note:

4|Page
 Common Factors and the GCF
Lesson 2:
(Greatest Common Factor)

GET SET
Catherine helps her father in their bakeshop. They baked 30 cupcakes and 60 cookies. They wanted to pack
them in boxes. Each box should contain same number of cupcakes and same number of cookies. They want to
fill 10 boxes in all.

1. How many cupcakes are there inside a box?_____

2. How many cookies are there in a box?_____
3. If we add the cookies and cupcakes in a box. How many pieces of pastries are there?_____
4. What is the prime factorization of 30? 30 = ___ x ___ x ___
What is the prime factorization of 60? 60 = ___ x ___ x ___ x

GO AND LEARN

There are 3 methods that will help and guide us in finding the Common Factors and Greatest Common Factor
(GCF).

Example: Find the GCF of 24 and 30 using the three methods. You will observe if the three methods
will give us the same answer.

Listing Method – The factors are:

24 = 1 , 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

30 = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30

The Common Factors are 1, 2 , 3

The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) = 1 x 2 x 3 = 6

Factor-Tree Method

24 30

6 x 4 6 x 5

2 x 3 2 x 2 2 x 3
The prime factorization of each number is:

Observed the arrangement of each

factors, it’s from the least to greatest
and same numbers are aligned. It
should be done this way so that it is 5|Page
very easy for you to identify the
common factor and greatest common
factor.
 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

30 = 2 x 3x5

common factors = 2,3

GCF= 2 x 3 = 6 Since you cannot anymore find a common

factor, hence, division stops. Therefore
Continuous Division
GCF = 6

2 24 30
3 12 15
4 5

Common factors: 2,3 GCF = 2 x 3 = 6

The common factor are 2 and 3. This means that any of the 3 methods that you are
going to use, the answer is the same.

Try another pair of numbers. 24, 42

You can do like

this for listing method so that you will
Listing Method develop mastery in multiplying numbers.
These are pairs of numbers that will give a
product of
the given number.
24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

42 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 4

Common Factors 1, 2, 3, 6

The Greatest Common Factor is 6.

Factor – Tree Method

24 42

6 x 4 7 x 6

2 x 3 2 x 2 2 x 3

If there are 2 or more common

prime factors, multiply them to get
Common Factors – 2 , 3 the Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
Greatest Common Factor = 2 x 3=6

6|Page
Prime Factorization 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
42 = 2 x3 x7
Common Factors 2 3
Greatest Common Factor (GCF) 2x3=6

Continuous Division
Think of a small number that can divide the 2
2 24 42 numbers. (Use divisibility rule)
3 12 1
21 Continue the process until there is no more common
4 7 factor.

The 3 methods used gave us the same answer. The Common Factors are 2 and 3 therefore, the Greatest
Common Factor is 6.
Remember:

 There are three methods in finding the Common Factor and the Greatest Common Factor.
1. Listing Method
2. Factor–Tree /Prime factorization
Prime Factorization is a process of finding the prime factors of given numbers.
The process is shown by the following steps:
 List the prime factors of each number
 Encircle every common prime factor. Common prime factor
means the number is a factor to each of the number given. 
 Multiply all the encircled numbers. The result is the GCF.
3. Continuous Division
 Common Factor – from the word common, a factor or factors present in all given
numbers.
 Greatest Common Factor – the largest or biggest number from all common factor/s.

DO IT

Directions: Find the Common Factors and Greatest Common Factor using the indicated method.

1. Listing Method 8 and 12

Common Factors _____ GCF ______

2. Factor-Tree Method 9 and 18

Common Factors _____ GCF ______

7|Page
 3. Continuous Division Method 10 and 20

Common Factors _____ GCF ______

DID YOU GET IT?

Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of your best answer.

1. Which of these is the product of its prime factors of number 12?

a. 2 x 2 x 3 b. 2 x 3 x 3 c. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 d. 2 x 2 x 4
2. Which are the factors of 16?
a. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 b. 3,4,6,16 c. 1, 4, 16 d. 3, 4, 8, 10
3. What factors are common to 20 and 40?
a. 1, 2, 5 b. 2, 3, 5, 10 c. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 d. 8, 10, 20
4. The factors of 45 and 9 are: 9 = 1, 3, 9 45 = 1, 3, 5, 9, 15 45. What is the greatest common factor of 9
and 45?
a. 5 b. 9 c. 15 d. 45
5. Which of these is the greatest common factor of 16 and 20?
a. 4 b. 6 c. 10 d. 12
6. What is the greatest common factor of 21 and 30?
a. 3 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
7. Which of these is the GCF of 36 and 54?
a. 6 b. 12 c. 16 d. 18
8. Which of these are the common factors of 18 and 27?
a. 1, 2 and 3 b. 1, 3 and 9 c. 2, 3 and 9 d. 3, 4 and 9
9. What factors are common to 30 and 35?
a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 1 and 4 d. 1 and 5
10. What is the greatest common factor of 20 and 75?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10

Teacher’s Note:

Lesson 3:
Finding the LCM

GET SET

8|Page

Lesson 2:
 Naruto and Goku are young basketball players. They go to the same court for practice. Naruto goes for
practice every 18 days while Goku goes every 12 days. If they started going to the court on the same day, after
how many days will they meet again?

1. Can you find the answer? __________________________________

2. How do you obtain the answer? __________________________________

GO AND LEARN

A common multiple is a number which is a multiple of 2 or more numbers. The least common multiple
is the smallest number that is a common multiple of 2 or more numbers. There are 3 methods in finding the
Least Common Multiple (LCM) and are shown as follows:

Listing Method:

List the multiples of 12 and 1

12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 …

18, 36, 54, 72, 90 …

36, 72 … are the common multiples of 12 and 18. The dots mean that there is an infinite number of common
multiple of 12 and 18. The least multiple is 36. Hence, the LCM is 36.

Prime Factorization Method:

12 = 2 x 2 x 3

18 = 2x3x3

2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 36

factors

Multiply all factors. The LCM of 12 and 18 is 36.

Continuous Division

Continuous division is used by dividing the numbers with prime divisors until the remainder is 1.

2 12 18

3 6 9
9|Page
 2 2 3

3 1 3

1 1
Multiply the factors 2x3x2x3. LCM is 36.

Thus, the answer to the problem, Naruto and Goku will meet again after 36 days.

DO IT
Directions: Find the common multiples and Least Common Multiple of each pair of numbers.

1. Use the Listing Method: 2 and 4

Common Multiples:

LCM: __________

2. Use the Prime Factorization: 6 and 8

6 8

LCM: _________

3. Use Continuous Division

18 12

LCM: ___________

Teacher’s Note:

DID YOUEncircle
Directions: GET IT?
the letter of the correct answer.

1. The common multiple of 6 and 4 is

a. 12 b. 6 c. 3 d. 2

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 2. Common multiple of 4 and 20 is
a. 3 b. 4 c. 8 d. 20

3. The LCM of 15 and 9 is

a. 135 b. 45 c. 15 d. 3

4. The LCM of 8 and 3 is

a. 24 b. 48 c. 72 d. 36

5. Common multiple of 14 and 10 is

a. 140 b. 70 c. 14 d. 7

6. The LCM of 25 and 30 is

a. 50 b. 90 c. 150 d. 200

7. Which of these is the LCM of 10 and 15?

a. 10 b.15 c. 50 d. 30
8. The LCM of 18 and 6 is
a. 24 b. 18 c. 12 d. 6

9. The LCM of 18 and 24

a. 72 b. 54 c. 24 d. 48

10. Common multiple of 18 and 30 is

a. 90 b. 108 c. 30 d. 180

Teacher’s Note:

Based on our lesson, what are your new learning and realizations as a child of God? In the space below,
write your lesson’s reflection through a prayer. A related Bible verse is also provided below to help and
guide you more on the prayer you will formulate. Together, let us do things toward
His Holiness because we are precious in His eyes.

God blessed them; and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule
over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
Genesis 1:28

MY REFLECTION

References:
1. Tabilang, A R., I. J. Arce., R. Pascua., N. Cahayag., L. Dacuba., D. Borias., R. Buemia., M. Callao., L.
Morandante., A. Danao., l. Gonzaga., I. Briones. And J. A. Daganta. (2015) Mathematics –Grade
4 Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press, Inc.

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2. Tabilang, A R., I. J. Arce., R. Pascua., N. Cahayag., L. Dacuba., D. Borias., R. Buemia., M. Callao., L.
Morandante., A. Danao., l. Gonzaga., I. Briones. And J. A. Daganta. (2015) Mathematics –Grade
4 Teacher’s Material. Lexicon Press, Inc.

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