Fault Code 559

SPN 157 - FMI 18 (Fault Code 559) - Blog.Teknisi https://www.blog-teknisi.com/2015/12/spn-157-fmi-18-fault-code-5...
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Home » Fault Codes CUMMINS ISB ISC ISL ISBe ISDe and QSB3.3
CM2150 » SPN 157 - FMI 18 (Fault Code 559)
Fault Codes CUMMINS
ISB ISC ISL ISBe ISDe and
QSB3.3 CM2150 (168)
Fault Codes CUMMINS
GTA38 K38 K50 QSK38
Blog.Teknisi Tuesday, December 22, 2015
QSK50/60 CM850 (97)
Fault Codes CUMMINS ISB ISC ISL ISBe ISDe and QSB3.3 CM2150
Fault Codes CUMMINS
SPN157 FMI18 (Injector Metering Rail 1 Pressure - Data Valid
Signature ISX QSX15 CM570
but Below Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe (94)
Level) Diesel Engine Software
Fault Code: 559 (65)
Fault Codes CUMMINS
ISB ISBe QSB4.5 QSB5.9
QSB6.7 ISC QSC8.3 ISL ISLe
QSL9 CM850 (CM2850) (52)
Caterpillar Electronic
Technician (46)
CUMMINS Diesel Engines
(39)
ALLISON Transmission
(38)
Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Car Diagnostics (24)

DETROIT Diesel Engines
(22)
CODES: PLC Programming (16)
1 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
PID(P), SID(S): P157 Starting and Charging

SPN: 157 System (10)
FMI: 18 Fuel System Caterpillar
Lamp: AMBER Engine (9)
SRT: Setting Display (7)
Automatic Lubrication
REASON: Injector Metering Rail 1 Pressure - Data Valid but System (5)
Below Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level.
Competency Training (5)
The ECM has detected that the fuel pressure is lower than
Electronic Engines (5)
commanded pressure.
Generator Set (5)
EFFECT: Possibly hard to start, low power, or engine smoke. Manual Book & Datasheet
Engine could possibly not start. (4)
Air Compressor System (3)
Circuit Description: Fire Suppression System
The ECM monitors rail fuel pressure and engine operating (2)
conditions and changes the flow command to maintain the Micro Motion (2)
proper rail fuel pressure. Changes to the flow command result in
WOODWARD Load
opening (or closing) of the electronic fuel control actuator to
Sharing & Speed Control (2)
supply more (or less) fuel to the high-pressure pump.
Contact Us (1)
Conditions for Running the Diagnostics:

This diagnostic runs continuously when the engine is running.
Conditions for Setting the Fault Codes:

The ECM has detected that the measured fuel rail pressure is
below the commanded fuel rail pressure by a calibrated limit.
Action Taken When the Fault Code is Active:

The ECM illuminates the amber CHECK ENGINE light
immediately when the diagnostic runs and fails.
Conditions for Clearing the Fault Code:

The ECM will turn off the amber CHECK ENGINE light
immediately after the diagnostic runs and passes.
Shop Talk:
Verify the electronic control module (ECM) calibration is correct.
Check the calibration revision history found on QuickServe™
Online for applicable fixes to the calibration stored in the ECM. If
necessary, calibrate the ECM again.
Before performing troubleshooting work, verify the vehicle's

system voltage by monitoring battery voltage in the INSITE™
2 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
ohm meter to the batteries. This will help identify a potential

system voltage issue.
If the engine will not start and Fault Code 559 comes active
during cranking, but no speed sensor fault codes exist, monitor
rail pressure with INSITE™ electronic service tool. The
procedures referred to in this troubleshooting tree will also have
checks for engine no start conditions.
Before servicing any fuel system components, (such as fuel

lines, fuel pump, injectors, etc.) which would expose the fuel
system or internal engine component to potential contaminants
prior to disassembly, clean the fittings, mounting hardware, and
the area around the component to be removed. Dirt or
contaminants can be introduced into the fuel system and engine
if the surrounding areas are not cleaned, resulting in damage to
the fuel system and engine.
If fuel pressure is low, check the following:

• Fuel system prime (make sure that there is fuel in the tanks
and that the system is primed)
• Fuel gear pump pressure.
If fuel gear pump pressure is correct, test for system leakage:
• High pressure pump leakage
• Injector leakage
• Fuel rail pressure relief valve leakage.
If Fault Code 559 is inactive and there are no existing

performance complaints, it is possible that the vehicle was run
out of fuel or that the fault came active if the engine was not
primed following fuel filter replacement. Clear the inactive fault
code.
Fault Code 559 sets when the engine is running and measured
rail fuel pressure remains at least 100 Bar [1450 psi] less than
commanded pressure. Once detected, Fault Code 559 will
remain active until the engine is turned off or until the measured
rail fuel pressure matches the commanded rail fuel pressure.
When a condition exists that causes Fault Code 559 to become
active, it is typical for the fault code to become active when the
engine is heavily loaded and become inactive when the engine is
lightly loaded.
When Fault Code 559 occurs, the fuel system has lost its ability
3 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
• Fuel inlet restrictions

• Fuel filter plugging
• Fuel gear pump output low
• Fuel gear pump pressure regulator sticking or leaking
• High pressure pump capacity decay (high leakage to drain from
the high pressure pump)
• Fuel rail pressure relief valve leaks to drain
• Fuel rail pressure relief valve opens at too low a pressure

• Injector fuel circuit leaks to drain
• Pressure sensor reads more than 100 bar lower than actual
pressure
• Air in the fuel.
A few bubbles exiting the line during the test is expected. A

foamy appearance is an indication of a leak that allows air to
enter, a severe inlet restriction that causes cavitation, or a
system that is not yet primed. If fuel inlet restriction is not
excessive, the source of air entry could be isolated to one of the
following: suction fuel lines, OEM fuel lines, suctionside fuel filter
assemblies, or stand-pipe(s) in the fuel tank(s).
The fuel rail pressure sensor can be checked. When checking

the fuel rail pressure sensor accuracy, make sure the
highpressure fuel rail is not pressurized. The fuel pump, high-
pressure fuel lines, and fuel rail contain very high-pressure fuel.
Do not loosen any fittings while the engine is running. Wait at
least 10 minutes after shutting down the engine before loosening
any fittings in the high-pressure fuel system, to allow the
pressure to decrease to a lower level. There could be a
significant amount of time waiting on the rail to depressurize
completely to 0. It could be necessary to manually relieve the
pressure from the high pressure fuel rail.
Intermittent ECM power supply connections can cause Fault

Code 559. If the engine is running with an active Fault Code 559
and Fault Codes 449, 1911, or 2311 are not present, check the
ECM power supply for intermittent connections or battery issues.
Fault Code 1117 can also be active if this fault condition exits.
Inactive Fault Code/Exhausted Troubleshooting Tree:

Troubleshooting inactive Fault Code 559 can be very difficult.
The fault code must be active for any of the outlined procedures
in which the engine is operated during the test. For engines with
4 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
tree has been exhausted, operate the engine on a chassis

dynamometer or a diagnostic road test to duplicate the fault
code. The most common causes of intermittent Fault Code 559
that are difficult to create are leaking high-pressure connectors
that only leak when the engine and the fuel are hot, intermittent
fuel supply restrictions such as debris floating in the fuel tank,
and a fuel pressure relief valve that opens prematurely. Check
the High Pressure Connector (HPC) and connector torque and
torque to specification if necessary. Operate the engine on a
chassis dynamometer or conduct a diagnostic road test to
duplicate the fault code. Use INSITE™ electronic service tool to
log fuel system parameters during testing.
Fuel Flow
CODES:
Fault Code: 559
PID(P), SID(S): P157
SPN: 157
FMI: 18
Lamp: YELLOW
SRT:
REASON: Injector Metering Rail 1 Pressure - Data Valid But

Below Normal Operating Range - Moderately Severe Level. The
engine control module (ECM) has detected that fuel pressure is
lower than commanded pressure.
EFFECT: Possibly hard to start or low power. Engine could

possibly not start.
Circuit Description:
The pressure control loop relies on fuel pressure supplied to the
high-pressure pump by the fuel gear pump. The ECM monitors
5 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
the flow command to maintain the proper rail fuel pressure.

Changes to the flow command result in opening (or closing) of
the fuel pump actuator to supply more (or less) fuel to the high-
pressure pump.
Component Location:
Use the following procedure for a detailed component location
view.
Conditions for Running the Diagnostics:

This diagnostic runs continuously when the engine is running.
Conditions for Setting the Fault Codes:

The ECM has detected the measured fuel rail pressure is below
the commanded fuel rail pressure by at least 250 bar [3625 psi]
for 7 seconds.
Action Taken When the Fault Code is Active:

The ECM illuminates the amber CHECK ENGINE light
immediately when the diagnostic runs and fails.
Conditions for Clearing the Fault Code:

The ECM will turn off the amber CHECK ENGINE light
immediately after the diagnostic runs and passes.
Shop Talk:
The fuel system is designed to run on clean fuel. It has two fuel
filters to maintain this cleanliness. Carelessness in handling and
storage of fuel system components during the repair can subject
the precision components to damaging debris. Before servicing
any fuel system components (such as fuel lines, fuel pump,
injectors, etc.), clean the fittings, mounting hardware, and the
area around the component to be removed. Store the
components in a clean environment. Keep all fuel port openings
and line ends covered so that no dirt can enter.
Fault Code 559 sets when the engine is running and measured
rail fuel pressure remains at least 250 bar [3625 psi] less than
commanded pressure. Once detected, Fault Code 559 will
remain active until the engine is turned OFF or until the
measured rail fuel pressure matches the commanded rail fuel
pressure. When a condition exists that causes Fault Code 559 to
become active, it is typical for the fault code to become active
when the engine is heavily loaded and become inactive when
6 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
Possible causes of this fault code include:

• Fuel inlet restrictions (filters, low pressure fuel lines, OEM
plumbing, etc.)
• Sticking check valve in ECM cooling plate
• Fuel gear pump output low
• Fuel gear pump pressure regulator stuck open (this can result
in hard start and/or no-start complaints)
• High-pressure pump capacity decay (high leakage to drain from
the high-pressure pump)
• Fuel rail pressure relief valve leaks to drain
• Fuel rail pressure relief valve opens at a pressure too low
(Fault Code 3727 detects this condition)
• Injector fuel circuit leaks to drain (injector body, high-pressure
connectors, etc.)
• Air in the fuel or suction leaks at gear pump shaft seal (can
result in hard start and/or no start complaints)
• Fuel level is below the suction line in the fuel tank
• Restricted fuel screen, located in the banjo bolt, at the high-
pressure fuel pump inlet, if equipped
• External fuel leaks.
If Fault Code 559 is inactive and there are not any existing
performance complaints, it is possible the vehicle was run out of
fuel or the fault became active if the engine was not primed
following fuel filter replacement. However, if the customer reports
that the fault code becomes active during engine operation, the
steps in this fault code diagnostic tree can be used to identify the
cause and make a repair.
If the engine will not start and Fault Code 559 becomes active
during cranking, and no speed sensor fault codes exist, it is most
likely that the engine is not developing rail pressure during
cranking. Possibly, the engine is not primed, gear pump pressure
is too low, or the high-pressure fuel system components have
excessive leakage to drain. The procedures referred to in this
troubleshooting tree also have checks for engine no start
conditions.
The steps of this fault code tree assume that the fault condition
is repeatable (this does not necessarily mean that the fault code
is active with the engine at idle). The troubleshooting has been
designed to isolate the problem into four categories:
1. Other more precise fault codes exist (example: electrical
7 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
2. Isolate the high-pressure system; determine if the high-

pressure system has high leakage.
3. Isolate the low pressure system; determine if the low pressure
system works correctly. The system must first be primed. Then, it
is important to note that checks of gear pump pressure and inlet
restriction involves using a special service tool that causes the
flow rate to increase to a rated flow. Fuel gear pump pressure
and/or inlet restriction can not be accurately measured without a
method of increasing the flow (i.e. using the special service tool
or operating the engine at full power).
4. Verify the ECM calibration is correct. Check the calibration
revision history found on QuickServe™ Online for applicable
fixes to the calibration stored in the ECM. If necessary, calibrate
the ECM.
Troubleshooting inactive Fault Code 559 can be difficult. For

engines with high counts of inactive Fault Code 559, or if the
troubleshooting tree has been exhausted, operate the engine on
a chassis dynamometer or conduct a diagnostic road test to
duplicate the fault code. Be certain to have a fuel pressure
gauge installed at the pressure filter outlet side during the test.
If the accuracy of the fuel rail pressure sensor is being

questioned, a key ON accuracy check can be performed. When
checking the fuel rail pressure sensor accuracy, make sure the
high-pressure fuel rail is not pressurized. The fuel pump, high-
pressure fuel lines, and fuel rail contain very high-pressure fuel.
Do not loosen any fittings while the engine is running. Once the
engine is keyed OFF, there could be a significant amount of time
waiting for the fuel to depressurize to 0 bar [0 psi]. It is
necessary to manually relieve the pressure from the high-
pressure fuel rail by loosening the pump-to-rail line at the rail. At
key ON, a depressurized rail pressure sensor should read 0 ± 43
bar [624 psi].
Read More:
SPN 101 - FMI 0 (Fault Code 556)
SPN 101 - FMI 16 (Fault Code 555)
8 of 10 5/12/2021, 8:43 AM
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SPN 157 - FMI 18 (Fault Code 559) - Blog.Teknisi https://www.blog-teknisi.com/2015/12/spn-157-fmi-18-fault-code-5...

Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Car Diagnostics (24)

CODES: PLC Programming (16)

PID(P), SID(S): P157 Starting and Charging

Conditions for Running the Diagnostics:

Conditions for Setting the Fault Codes:

Action Taken When the Fault Code is Active:

Conditions for Clearing the Fault Code:

Before performing troubleshooting work, verify the vehicle's

ohm meter to the batteries. This will help identify a potential

Before servicing any fuel system components, (such as fuel

If fuel pressure is low, check the following:

If Fault Code 559 is inactive and there are no existing

• Fuel inlet restrictions

• Fuel rail pressure relief valve opens at too low a pressure

A few bubbles exiting the line during the test is expected. A

The fuel rail pressure sensor can be checked. When checking

Intermittent ECM power supply connections can cause Fault

Inactive Fault Code/Exhausted Troubleshooting Tree:

tree has been exhausted, operate the engine on a chassis

REASON: Injector Metering Rail 1 Pressure - Data Valid But

EFFECT: Possibly hard to start or low power. Engine could

the flow command to maintain the proper rail fuel pressure.

Conditions for Running the Diagnostics:

Conditions for Setting the Fault Codes:

Action Taken When the Fault Code is Active:

Conditions for Clearing the Fault Code:

Possible causes of this fault code include:

2. Isolate the high-pressure system; determine if the high-

Troubleshooting inactive Fault Code 559 can be difficult. For

If the accuracy of the fuel rail pressure sensor is being

Subscribe to receive free email updates:

SPN 1347 - FMI 7 (Fault Code 281) SPN1347 FMI7

SPN 639 - FMI 13 (Fault Code: 286) SPN639 FMI13

SPN 639 - FMI 9 (Fault Code 285) SPN639 FMI9

SPN 1347 - FMI 3 (Fault Code: 272) SPN1347 FMI3

ISB, ISC and ISL with CM2150 - Fuel Pump Actuator

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