INTERNET USAGE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

A Research Project
Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department
University of Mindanao, Davao City

____________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

In APP 5 (Practical Research 2)
1st Semester, SY 2021 – 2022

____________________________________________________

Conlu, Deceryl Ann L.

Danial, Evtysham J.
Eralino, Micka Ella A.
Fronda, Sean Matthew Y.
Mamarinta, Al-Mahir R.
Modequillo, Lorenze Ken O.
Sukarno, Suharto M.

December 2021

Chapter 1
 Introduction

Background of the Study

It is said that too much internet usage has become a problem in today's society

especially among students, it is nevertheless most commonly accepted as a term and

most known of, in countries where computer access is general. It is said that people

become so addicted to the usage of the internet that they disregard the given terms of

condition and thus ignore all harms and negative effect, including their academic

performance.

In the United States, psychologists estimate that as many as 5 to 10% of

American students meet the criteria for internet addiction today. An estimated 27% of

students who spend 3 or more hours a day on the internet exhibit symptoms of poor

mental health and low academic performance (Hillard & Parisi, 2020). In fact, Kubey

(2017) revealed that some students’ academic performance might be impaired by

heavier use of the internet. Heavier recreational Internet use was shown to be

correlated highly with impaired academic performance. Loneliness, staying up late,

tiredness, and missing class were also inter-correlated with self-reports of internet-

caused impairment. Self-reported internet dependency and impaired academic

performance were both associated with greater use of all Internet applications.

On the other hand, the Philippines has been consistently bagging the title of

internet capital of the world for years, and 2020 is no different and has only cemented

its reputation as Filipino students spend most time on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
Filipino students reportedly spend an average of 102,054 hours of their life on the

internet, thus adversely affecting their academic performance (Ichimura, 2020). In fact,

based from the data of Statista Research Department (2021), in 2020, the number of

internet users in the country grew to approximately 79.7 million people, accounting for

more than half of the total population. The digital population mostly belongs to the age

group of 16 years old and above.

In the local setting, in research conducted by Ferrer (2016) at the University of

Southern Mindanao in Kabacan Cotabato, students who use the internet and hit the

books simultaneously found their multitasking led to 20% lower grades than those of

their more focused peers. However, in the study conducted by students of Davao

Doctors College they found out that usage of the internet of senior high students of

Davao Doctors College are affected by their time management and also have an impact

on their academic performance. However, students spend too much time on social

media and make less time for studying their lessons which causes the decrease of

grade point averages (Arieta et al, 2017).

The enormous increase of students using the internet excessively, a lot of

concerns in fact cut across from parents, educators, government officials and other

stakeholders on the effect of excessive usage of the internet on various aspects of

human life. Apart from agreeing on the prevalence of Internet dependency among

Senior High School students, previous research has not been considerate on issues

such as why students, specifically Senior High students, use the Internet and how the

Internet affects their academic performance. Along this line, the researchers are

inspired to explore the reasons behind overuse of the internet and its impact on
academics among Senior High School students to come up with valuable data and

information that can be utilized as future intervention plans or programs.

come up with valuable data and information that can be utilized as a future

intervention plan or program.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers conducted this study to determine whether there is a significant

relationship between internet usage and academic performance among senior high

school students, specifically senior high school students of University of Mindanao. This

study will answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of internet usage of senior high school students in terms of:

1.1. Internet usage frequency

2. What is the level of academic performance of senior high school students in terms

of:

2.1. Academic assessment?

3. Is there a significant relationship between internet usage and academic

performance among senior high school students?

Research hypothesis:

The hypothesis below was tested at 0.05 level of significance:

HO : There is no significant relationship between Internet usage and students’

academic performance among Senior high school students in University of Mindanao,

Davao City at 0.05 level of significance.

Significance of the Study

This research explores how students utilize the Internet and how it influences

their academic performance. The goal of this study is to learn more about how students'

internet usage is measured and why they utilize it.

The findings of the study will be greatly beneficial to the following:

Students. This study acknowledges how digital online can help students in their

academics and how well their learning process becomes effective by using internet

resources and services to help them improve learning, search for information to

complete their tasks, etc. Through the use of the Internet, students had a positive

impact on their academic performance, namely by writing papers further help in doing

better research and also provide a better learning experience.

Teachers. The conduct of this study would be beneficial to the teachers.

Through this study, they can educate the students on how to minimize their internet

usage due to the negative consequences both before and after use. Furthermore, to

teach them on how to use the internet effectively. Also, they would educate their

students on the negative effect this might have on academic achievement.

Parents. This study aims to help parents understand their child's Internet usage,

including the effect of the Internet on their child's academic performance. This will help

them teach their children how to limit their screen usage while doing their school

responsibilities.
 Administration. Through this study, the administration will identify the problems

that are commonly faced by the students that are using the internet to do their online

learning. This will be their guide to adjust the teacher’s workloads in correlation to

lessen the students’ tasks. Moreover, this study can help the administration improve the

approach of the educators in dealing with students’ situations.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF STUDY

This study focuses on the internet usage and its effects on their academic performance,

especially amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This will be done during the school year of

2021-2022. Senior high school students from The University of Mindanao will be the

target group since they are susceptible to internet usage nowadays.

Some constraints that we might encounter is the difficulty to obtain some information,

since some respondents might have concerns or problems on their internet on the day

of the In-Depth interview. The results of this study may not apply to other regions of the

country considering the other possible opinions and experiences of the students from

different academic institutions.

Definition of terms

Internet Usage. The internet provides users with a greater understanding of the

relevance of the world around them. The internet serves as a distribution platform for a

variety of data. It is utilized by children of all ages, including secondary school students

(Akin-Adaeamola, 2014). In this study, it is defined as to how students use the internet

and how it can affect their academic performance.

 Academic performance. Academic performance includes achieving the goals,

achievements, and objectives set out in the program or course that a student is enrolled

in. These are reflected in grades, which are the outcome of an evaluation that includes

passing or failing specific examinations, topics, or courses (Lamas, 2015). In this study,

Academic performance represents the culmination of the students' work.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

TAM

This study is supported by the TAM model (Davis, 1989) (Perceived Usefulness,

Perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of Information Technology) is an

information systems theory that models how users come to accept and use technology.

Davis defined this as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular

system would be free from effort" (Davis 1989). TAM is well known to be one of the

most widely utilized models to examine behavioral intention to technology usage.

Furthermore this study is based on this theory, which emphasizes how the students

come to accept and use technology in order to aid them in their academic performance.

TAM guides and identifies the limits of this study, as TAM helps define the purpose of

students using the internet as an aid to their academics. The theory also helps the

researchers establish grounds and a baseline for the study conducted.

Online Collaborative Learning Theory (OCL)

Online Collaborative Learning Theory (Harasim, 2012) is a learning theory

proposed by Linda Harasim that focuses on the features of the Internet to provide

learning environments that encourage collaboration and knowledge building. Harasim

describes (OCL) as: “New theory of learning that focuses on collaborative learning,

knowledge building, and Internet use as a means to reshape formal, non-formal, and

informal education for the Knowledge Age” (Harasim, 2012, p. 81). Overall, it presents a

learning theory and methodology that encourages and supports students to collaborate

to generate knowledge, design and explore creative techniques, and seek conceptual

understanding to solve issues.

Moreover, the OCL theory helps the researchers understand how students use

the internet to help them through their academic journey. In addition, the theory aids in

specifying which key variables influence the field of interest and highlights the demand

to examine how the key variables differ in any circumstances.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Internet Usage Academic Performance

Internet usage frequency Academic assessment

 Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework of the Study

The independent variable of the study is Internet usage of the University of

Mindanao senior high school students while the dependent variable is Academic

Performance. The Internet usage of the University of Mindanao senior high school

students depends on their Academic performance.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Presented in this section are readings gathered from books, magazines, internet

and other periodicals as well as findings of different studies conducted locally and

abroad in order to provide a background of the study.

Internet Usage

Duker, Bonney, and Adibi (2018) stated that the Internet was said to have aided

students in learning and receiving learning materials and sending or receiving

information and papers. The Internet has made a significant contribution to students'

academic accomplishment by providing them with a wealth of knowledge to help them

better comprehend particular topics, read widely to widen their academic horizons,

complete projects, and do extensive research. They also stated that the Internet

positively impacts students' academic performance by significantly increasing both

students' and teachers' passion for teaching and learning.

 Additionally, a study by Safdar, Khan, and Abbasi (2018) states that students can

use the internet to find and obtain academic content. As a result, information on how

effectively they use this channel is available. While working on their projects and

academic papers, students use the internet to access libraries, online books, journals,

and other educational resources. Most users utilize the internet to obtain knowledge via

electronic books, journals, and newspapers, which are more convenient than hard

copies. As we live in a digital era, the internet has undoubtedly provided us with various

options and access to a massive amount of knowledge. Furthermore, you can obtain

helpful information and save it in the form of data online.

Torres-Diaz, Duart, Gómez-Alvarado, Marín-Gutiérrez, and Segarra-Faggioni

(2016) indicated that students' academic performance has improved due to their use of

the Internet, and students who frequently look for educational information on the

Internet perform well in their exams. They also stated that students who exchange ideas

with their peers and teachers significantly impact their academic achievement.

Consequently, the use of the internet has a good impact on a student's school duties

and a better learning experience. Also, the study revealed that internet usage is

becoming a measure of academic accomplishment.

Furthermore, Emeka and Nyeche (2016) stated that the impact of Internet usage

demonstrates that most students who use the Internet do so to gain course-related

information that aids their research, prepares them for assignments, and provides them

with access to current information sources. They also stated that the Internet had a

significant impact on the students' academic performance they studied.

 In addition, in 1986, Bandura stated that the gratifications obtained formulation

appears to be similar to enactive learning, a key mechanism in social-cognitive theory.

Humans learn through experience through active learning. According to the social-

cognitive perspective, interactions with the environment influence media exposure by

constantly revising expectations about the expected results of future media intake

behavior. Palmgreen, Wenner, and Rosengren (1985) said this appears to be the same

process that characterizes the relationship between sought-after gratifications, media

behavior, and attained gratifications. Recognizing this similarity, we look at social

cognitive theory as a source of additional information about how people use the

Internet.

According to Antonijević, Shimic, Jevremović, Veinović, and Arsić (2018) said

that the Internet is an inevitable source of many types of knowledge and information,

which can be used for professional and personal purposes. As a result of this reality, the

Internet's essential qualities include accessibility, richness, and diversity of content in

each field. With the advancement of the Internet, a new phenomenon in education has

developed: learning via the Internet. Learning through the Web, in addition to the

various models of learning used in institutional education, provides opportunities for

purposeful and systematic enrichment of the educational process, which can

significantly help students achieve better results in any field of teaching and learning.

Besides, In a research report conducted by Pew on the internet and American life

project, the study was based on more than 2000 surveys from undergraduate students

at 27 universities across the world (Adnan, 2003). University students, according to the

research, use the internet more than the general population. The results also show that
students who use the internet to do academic-related tasks use commercial browsers

rather than the university and other sources of information.

The search for information using the internet rather than the library is confirmed

by Online Computer Library Centre (2002), Jones (2002), Kaminski, Seel and Culler

(2003) that students use commercial browsers and search engines for research and are

less likely to go into a library for information. Chandran (2000) performed research at Sri

Venkateswara University, Tirupati, which indicated that the majority of the subjects use

commercial search engines and Electronic mail services of the internet. The research

also showed that more than 255 respondents use the internet 2-3 times a week. The

respondents' purpose of using the internet was for communication and information

gathering.

According to Alshare and Lane (2011) Students should be satisfied when utilizing

the internet as a result of their hands-on experience. Furthermore, the findings of their

research highlight the importance of past student satisfaction experiences. Kuh (2003),

on the other hand, claims that a student's academic level and involvement have a direct

influence on his or her academic growth. It may be argued that how much effort and

participation students have when accessing and utilizing the internet has a direct impact

on their academic performance.

Norzaidi et al. (n. d.) conducted a study in Malaysia that found that both internet

usage and technology satisfaction have a favorable impact on managerial performance.

As a result, it's possible that there's a link between internet usage, technology

satisfaction, and kids' academic achievement. However, according to the findings of

other studies who discovered no link between internet usage, technological satisfaction,
and managerial performance, no definitive conclusion can be drawn (Norzaidi &

Salwani, 2009). The internet, according to this study, is a continuous learning inside a

learning community. Doppelt (2009) found no influence on student accomplishment

when examining the impact of the learning community on student performance in the

second aspect of the above research.

Furthermore, the Internet has become a great source of information for Senior

High school students and academics. Poor communications infrastructure, difficulty

getting relevant information, high bundle costs, system failure, poor internet speed, and

power fluctuations are some of the obstacles students face in their search for internet

information. Students are given limited hours to access information and various internet

infrastructure in the schools, verifying the effects of students regarding internet use. The

information allows students to grow their thoughts, which leads to academic credibility.

Students, researchers, and faculty members used to rely on library resources as their

primary source of knowledge. Anyone with an Internet connection today may learn

about any subject from anywhere in the world (Ikpeba, 2010). According to Quarshie

and Ami-Narh (2012) on the expansion and use of the Internet in Ghana, 45.6% of

respondents use it regularly for educational purposes, 33.8% frequently for news, and

only 6.4% often for business. Students used the Internet for various forms of

communication and learning, according to the study. They had access to knowledge on

a variety of topics.

Internet Usage Frequency. The first indicator or determinant of internet usage is

its frequency of usage. It refers to the rate or the frequency count on the internet usage

of the students. In a study conducted by Nwachukwu and Onyenankeya (2017), it

showed that 38.2 percent of students spent between 1 and 5 hours per day on their

phones, 98 percent used their phones to communicate with family members and

friends, about 75 percent used their smartphones for social networking, and only 24

percent use their smartphones for academic activities. This result suggests that some

students do not use mobile devices to facilitate their studies or for academic purposes.

According to Emmanouilides & Hammond, (2000) the factors that predict internet

usage patterns are explored through the use of consumer panel data. We look at two

major aspects of usage behavior; active (current) versus lapsed usage and usage

frequency among current users. Time since first use of the Internet. Pioneers (very early

adopters) are most likely to be users. However, the relationship is not a linear one;

Location of use. Social use at home, especially with two or more other people. Personal

communication is the most popular activity, but the best predictors of active users are

use of information services. The main predictors of frequent or heavy Internet use (20+

times per month are) Broad applications, e.g., business email followed by personal

email, Time since first internet use. The relationship here is linear; the longer someone

has used the internet, the more likely they are to be a heavy user, Explains how current

active users and very early adopters or people who use internet way back of how

internet was used by the modern time and the day way back however the relationship

that they manage to get is not a linear one because this explains of how internet runs

back then and how internet runs today.

Moreover, Central Statistics Office, (2019) stated an estimated 88% of individuals

were recent internet users, while 11% of individuals had never used the internet. Mobile

phones or smartphones were used to access the internet away from home or work by
88% of individuals. It was stated there that most people use the internet everyday. The

internet nowadays has become more important especially for the students, and the

teacher or anyone else internet has become a part of our life these days. In addition,

Internet Usage Frequency has become more and more big. most importantly because

of school ever since the covid 19 happen we’ve spent our time in our own house

because of the pandemic we’re not able to have a face-to-face class so they decided to

have an online virtual class which means that the number 1 thing that we need is the

internet the internet helps us to have our online class internet helps us to access our

provided learning platform which means internet is very important to us. It’s more likely

that the Internet is one of the Important Thing we need now. Moreover, the usage of

internet Frequency these days has totally increased for the past months.

Furthermore, according to Larose, Mastro, Eastin (2001) Several studies have

applied uses and gratifications to explain Internet usage. Like Bandura’s social-cognitive

theory, the uses and gratifications framework explain media use in terms of expected

positive outcomes, or gratifications. However, previous uses and gratifications research

accounted for little variance in Internet behavior, this identifies new variables from

social-cognitive theory that might further explain Internet usage and resolve

inconsistencies in prior research. Measures of self-efficacy and self-disparagement. In

addition, Internet usage frequency may lead most people to addiction on the internet

which may have been a cause to most of the peoples Internet behavior.

Was developed for the domain of Internet behavior. Internet addiction was

interpreted as a deficient self-regulation within the social-cognitive framework. the

negative outcomes online were analyzed for their impact on Internet usage. In a survey
of 171 college students, the social-cognitive model explained 60% of the available

variance in Internet usage using multiple regression analysis, a significant improvement

over prior uses and gratifications research over the time. Internet Usage may be useful

but Internet Usage has limitations like using it frequently may result in a bad outcome.

In a survey of 171 college students, the social-cognitive model explained 60% of

the available variance in Internet usage using multiple regression analysis, a significant

improvement over prior uses and gratifications research over the time (Larose, Mastro,

and Eastin, 2001). Central statistics Office, (2019) an estimated 88% of individuals were

recent internet users, while 11% of individuals had never used the internet. Mobile

phones or smartphones were used to access the internet away from home or work by

88% of individuals.

Academic performance

Academic Performance, according to Caballero et al. (2007), entails achieving

the goals, achievements, and objectives set forth in the program or course that a

student is enrolled in. These are expressed in grades, which are the result of an

evaluation that includes passing or failing particular tests, subjects, or courses.

Moreover, according to Guzman (n.d.), this study backs up the majority of well-

structured studies' findings that social networking sites have no significant negative

impact on students' academic performance. They go on to say that other aspects

associated with the use of the internet, particularly social networking sites, such as

social media addiction, more time on the internet, talking, cognitive absorption, and so

on, could lead to poor academic performance.

 Likely, Negussie and Ketema (2014) went on to evaluate if using Facebook on

multiple devices has any effect. When comparing the use of Facebook on mobile

devices to the use of Facebook on other devices, it was discovered that the association

between using Facebook on mobile devices and student grades is very negative. This

negative effect can be explained by the fact that utilizing cell phones for social

networking activities may require multitasking, and not all students are multitasking

experts. Instead of banning social networking sites in schools, the study argues that

students should be encouraged to use them for educational purposes.

Furthermore, According to Talwar et al. (2018), the number of hours spent on the

internet has an impact on students' academic performance unless the internet is utilized

for study purposes. Their findings suggest that using the internet for academic purposes

and academic accomplishment are directly linked, while social life among university

students is inversely proportional. It's also worth noting that students with lower CGPAs

are more likely to be addicted to the internet. Suphasawat et al. (2016) also investigate

whether daily internet usage has an impact on academic performance. This research

demonstrates that when the internet is primarily utilized for entertainment and social

networking, it can have a negative impact on academic performance. According to

Husin et al (2012), a tiny number of students use Facebook for commercial objectives,

while the majority of Biomedical Science students use Facebook for talking and wall

posting, however the amount of time spent on Facebook has no effect on their CGPA

performance at FSK, UKM. According to Akhter (2013), internet addiction is highly

associated with poor academic performance among university undergraduates.

 Additionally, according to Crosne and Elder (2004), School ownership, provision

of facilities, and availability of resources is a key structural component of the school.

Private schools outperform public schools due to superior funding, smaller class sizes,

serious ownership, motivated faculty, and access to resources such as computers.

Private schools' greater funding resources and facilities help pupils improve their

academic performance and educational attainment.

In the recent decade, a number of studies on the patterns of internet use by

scientists, teachers, researchers, and students have been published. The elements that

influence internet usage have also been researched and reported on. In this area, we've

tried to emphasize the findings of previous studies on internet use and its benefits, as

well as the challenges of using the internet and the impact of internet use on academic

performance.

(Sampath Kumar & Manjunath, 2013) in quantitative studies has found that

teachers and research scholars have long relied on the internet to aid their research

and teaching. The internet has had a good impact on their academic achievement,

particularly in terms of writing research papers, which helps them conduct better

research and provides a better learning experience. Chiwepa (2003) and Jagboro

(2004) specified the benefits of internet to academic community as: access and sharing

of knowledge with experienced and expert in any field is quick, worldwide, and

convenient; Dissemination of research findings is simple; Enhanced collaborative

research and other activities and; Ability to use some software and expand one's

capabilities.
 Ramirex (2003) carried out a study on the impact of the internet on the reading

practises of college students of National University of Mexico. The study's findings

revealed that digital reading is becoming more popular, and that a substantial

percentage of surveyed students are increasingly relying on the internet for school-

related activities since it is convenient and quick. Anasi (2006) investigated the pattern

of internet use by undergraduates at the University of Lagos, main campus, Akoka,

Lagos. She discovered that, despite the fact that internet use was low among

undergraduates from both the law and education faculties, the study revealed that

internet use had a significant impact on students' academic and career-related activities.

In Iran, Seifkashami (2003) reported that the internet was fast growing in

popularity, with tens of thousands of users, largely academics, as many colleges

established computer sites to encourage students and professors to utilize the internet.

According to a new study by researchers at Boston College and the University of

Massachusetts at Lowell, regular internet use can have an impact on students'

academic performance on standardized tests. The study looked at the test results and

computer usage of 986 fourth grade students from 55 classrooms in nine

Massachusetts school districts and discovered that the more often students used

computers to write school papers, the better they performed on the Massachusetts

Comprehensive Assessment Systems (MCAS) English/language Arts Examinations.

According to Awoleye, Siyanbola, and Oladapo (2008), the internet is utilized for

information development, simple communication, improved academic performance,

used as a research tool, provides assignment solutions, provides amusement and

education, and is a source of scholarship. Oyedun (2007) conducted a study on the

level of internet use in the library of Federal University of Technology, Minna and found

that the majority of respondents claim that the internet services in the library have

helped them improve their academic performance significantly.

Moreover, In his survey, Ogedebe (2012) discovered that 79 percent of

respondents agreed that accessing the internet helped their academic performance,

whereas 13 percent disagreed and 8% did not respond to the question. The study also

found that 65 percent of respondents were computer literate, compared to 29 percent

who were not, and that 6% of respondents did not reply to the question. The poll also

indicated that 8% of respondents believed their GPA had significantly improved as a

result of the internet, 6% agreed that their GPA had been dropping, 28% said it helps

them prepare better for CA and semester exams, and 22% were indifferent about the

possibilities and hence did not comment.

In addition, Suhail & Bargees, (2006) conducted a study to investigate the effects

of extensive Internet use on 350 undergraduate students in Pakistan. The study focused

on studying-related problems that were caused by the excessive use of the Internet.

Compared to other negative subscales, the number of students who reported

educational problems due to the Internet decreased. The study revealed that only a

small portion of the respondents reported worsening their grades or college

performance due to the amount of time they spent online.

According to the findings of this study's regression analysis, technology resistance

does predict students' academic achievement. Furthermore, there is a strong link between

academic performance, internet usage, technology resistance, and technological

satisfaction among students. The research was based on a previous educational system
model in Malaysia that was then modified to a Higher Education Institute in Wales. It

concentrated on the effects of internet use and technology resistance on students'

academic performance. The concept aims to adapt a framework from another educational

system into a Higher Education Institute in Wales, as well as improve the efficacy of internet

use in higher education (Norzaidi & Salwani, 2009).

Academic Assessment. Assessment is traditionally used to find out and report on

what has been learned, hence its connection to classroom activities. Assessment is an

important part of a school's teaching and learning activities, as it helps teachers and

students interact in the classroom. Moreover, it is defined as all actions that teachers

and students engage in in order to obtain data that can be utilized to improve teaching

and learning. This involves observations and analyses of student work by the teacher

(homework, tests, essays, reports, practical procedures and classroom discussion of

issues). All of these are concerned with obtaining a sample of what a student may or

may not be aware of. (Biggs, 2003).

Moreover, Allen (2004) stated in his study Assessing Academic Programs in

Higher Education, Program evaluation affords a possibility to discover strengths and

weaknesses. Program evaluation is additionally necessary for exterior reasons which

include compliance with the Middle State Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)

and other respective disciplinary agencies. assessment involves the use of empirical

data on student learning to refine programs and improve student learning.

Additionally, Huba and Freed (2000) conducted a Learner-Centered Assessment

on College Campuses and stated that assessment is the process of gathering and

discussing information from multiple and diverse sources in order to develop a deep
understanding of what students know and can do with their knowledge as a result of

their educational experiences are used to improve subsequent learning.

According to At York College, (n.d.) the predominant cause of Assessment is to

always enhance students’ studying as a result of programs. Furthermore, the intention

is to not solely gather and study proof of student mastering but to additionally use the

effects to make informed decisions concerning curriculum, pedagogy, assets and the

evaluation process itself.

To sum it up, internet usage is expanding, and a large majority of surveyed

students are increasingly relying on the internet for school-related activities since it is

convenient and quick. Although the research' findings differed, the majority of them

concluded that students and even teachers improved on their academic performance as

a result of the internet's convenience and speed. Moreover, the use of the internet is

strongly linked to improved academic achievement among students from various

academic institutions. Academic achievement and use of the internet for academic

purposes are directly linked, whereas social life among university students is inversely

proportional.

Additionally, academic performance refers to a student's achievement of the

goals, accomplishments, and objectives outlined in the program or course in which he

or she is enrolled. These are measured in grades, which are the outcome of an

assessment that involves passing or failing specific examinations, subjects, or courses.

Academic assessment is an indicator that has a significant contribution to students’

academic performance, because it facilitates interaction between teachers and

students. Furthermore, the goal isn't just to collect and analyze proof of students’
mastery but to increase subsequent learning, build a comprehensive understanding of

what students know and can accomplish with their knowledge as a result of their

educational experiences.
 Chapter 2

METHODS

This chapter will present an overview of the method used by the researchers in

this research study including a discussion of its research design, research subject,

research instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment used in data

analysis.

Research Design

The researchers will use non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing

descriptive-correlational method. Descriptive-correlational research is usually used to

describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not

answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. Rather it

addresses the "what" question. The characteristics used to describe the situation or

population are usually some kinds of categorical scheme also known as descriptive

categories (Creswell & Plano-Clark, 2018).

Moreover, the descriptive-correlation method will be used because it described

the significance of the relationship between internet usage and academic performance

of Senior High School students. The descriptive method is mostly utilized to describe

the distinctiveness of a population that is being studied (Christensen, Johnson, &

Turner, 2017). Three main purposes of research are to describe, explain, and validate

findings. In this view, the descriptive-correlational method will be an appropriate

research design that will be employed by the researchers in the study for the research

work entails to determine the significance in the relationship between internet usage

and academic performance of Senior High School students.

In addition, the researchers will utilize convenience sampling technique.

According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2012), a convenience sample is a type of

non-probability sampling method where the sample is taken from a group of people

easy to contact or to reach. Furthermore, Wright (2012) also added that there are no

other criteria to the sampling method except that people be available and willing to

participate. In addition, this type of sampling method does not require that a simple

random sample is generated, since the only criterion is whether the participants agree

to participate.

Research Participants

The respondents of this research; consist of senior high school students in the

University of Mindanao for the school year 2021-2022 located at the Bolton Campus,

Embassy Area. As stated, the participants of the research survey will be senior high

school students, which have a total of 1172 students; with this, the researchers of this

study will select the respondents via a convenience sampling method. Additionally, the

recommended sample size specified by Raosoft is 290 students. For further discussion,

Convenience sampling (also known as availability sampling) is a non-probability

sampling method that collects data from people of the community who are readily

available to take part in the study. (Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill, 2012). For further

discussion, this sampling method entails recruiting people from any place they can be
found, which is usually wherever they are most convenient and available. As a result,

the participants in this study were selected as proportions of the overall population

depending on their availability. This research intends to examine internet usage and the

academic performance of SHS students. The chosen participants also attend the same

university as the researchers, where they are senior high school students using any

type of internet-capable device to participate in the class. Accordingly, this designates

the sample as done via convenience. Thus, the collection of data was conducted with

the convenience sampling method.

Research Instrument

The data collection method of this study includes carrying out a questionnaire to

be answered by the research participants. The questionnaire, which serves as the

study's research tool, was based on and adapted from the following authors: (Armstrong

et al., 2000) for the internet usage survey questionnaire and (O’Malley and McCraw,

2000) for the academic performance questionnaire.

The researchers have made alterations to the authors' questionnaires. The internet

usage survey questionnaire has one (1) segment which is designated for a specific

indicator of the variable; the segment contains exactly eleven (11) questions. Also, the

academic performance survey questionnaire has one (1) segment which is designated

for a specific indicator of the variable; the segment contains exactly seven (7) questions.

On the other hand, the degree of agreement of the respondent with the statements or

questions presented will be calculated by a firmly agreed scale of one (1) to five (5): one
(1) strongly disagree, two (2) disagree, three (3) as neutral, four (4) agree, and five (5)

strongly agree.

In the evaluation of internet usage, the following scales will be used:

Table 1. Interpretation Table of Internet Usage

Range of Means Descriptive Level Interpretation

This means that the

4.50-5.00 Very High student is highly exposed

on internet usage.

This means that the

3.50-4.49 High student is exposed on

internet usage.

This means that the

2.50-3.49 Moderately High student is moderately

exposed on internet usage.

This means that the

1.50-2.49 Low student is unexposed on

internet usage.
 This means that the

1.00-1.49 Very Low student is highly

unexposed on internet

usage.
In the evaluation of academic performance, the following scales will be used:

Table 2. Interpretation Table of Academic Performance

Range of Means Descriptive Level Interpretation

This means that the

4.50-5.00 Very High student has highly

increased in their

academic performance.

This means that the

3.50-4.49 High student has increased in

their academic

performance.

This means that the

2.50-3.49 Moderately High student has moderately

increased in their

academic performance.

This means that the

 1.50-2.49 Low student has decreased in

their academic

performance.

This means that the

1.00-1.49 Very Low student has highly

decreased in their

academic performance.

Data Gathering Procedure

This research will be accompanied by a process of steps that will act as the

researcher’s guide to the completion of the investigation. The steps involved in the data

gathering procedure are the following:

Asking Permission to Conduct the Study. The group of researchers will be

writing a letter to the Senior High School Principal so that they will be allowed and be

given permission to distribute survey questionnaires to the participants.

Informed Consent Form. Essentially, the participants will be ask to sign an

informed consent before starting each survey; this form will indicate that we have their

consent in filling out this questionnaires and that they would be able to make well

educated decisions for themselves and they allowed to share the data they have, and

as for the researchers they will ensure that this will be understood by the respondents.

Administration of Questionnaire. Following the acceptance and response of

the two consent letters the researchers will continue to distribute the survey
questionnaires to the participants, which are the Senior High School Students of the

University of Mindanao through online because of the pandemic that is happening right

now.

Collection and Encoding of Data. After collecting and compiling the survey

questionnaires, the role of the researchers is to organize, present, and analyze the

questionnaire accordingly

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical tools used by researchers to interpret and evaluate the data

obtained are as follows:

Mean. It is calculated by adding the observed values and dividing by the number

of observations that provides the mean number. Data points may be regarded as a

credible indicator of future values even if they fall outside the mean (MacMillan A.,

Preston D., Wolfe J., & Yu S., 2021). As used in this study, this statistical tool was used

to answer the first statement of the problem and determine the average of students who

use the internet. 

Standard Deviation. It indicates how closely the entire data gathering matches

the average value (MacMillan et al., 2021). In this study, this tool will use the values

distributed over the data sample and measure data points deviation from the mean on

the level of internet usage.

Pearson Correlation Coefficient. It accurately measures the linear correlation

between the two variables, reflecting the degree of correlation between them. It shows a

positive correlation between -1 and 1, showing that one value increases and the other
decreases (Zhi, X., Yuexin, S., Jin, M., Lujie, Z., & Zijian, D., 2017). In this study, this

tool is to answer the third statement of the problem and to measure the significant

association between internet usage and how it affects senior high school students'

academic performance.