Unit3 Load Bearings Structures

Unit 3
Drawing of load bearings structures
By prof. N.K.DESHMUKH
Importance’s of working drawing.
I. Working drawings are detailed drawings and contains all
instructions and data for actual execution of work on site.
II. It includes location sketch, foundation plan, detailed plans
floor by floor, detailed sections.
III. It also includes structural drawings which contain
reinforcement details of all columns, beams, slabs, chajjas,
cantilever structures etc.
IV. Bar bending schedule is also included.
V. Working drawing also gives information about material
used, types of doors and windows, sanitary fittings along
with required numbers.
VI. Construction notes, separate foundation drawing, site plan,
drainage and water supply arrangement, electrification
layout is shown in working drawing.
VII. Details of RCC components like chajja, lintel, and staircase
are included in working drawing.
VIII. Each and every minute details of construction are available
in working drawing for easy execution of work from start to
end.
Importance of submission drawing:
I. For the purpose of obtaining sanction from competent
authority.
II. To know the orientation of the building.
III. It gives details of about all floor plans including terrace and
car park plan.
IV. It shows the architectural elevation of the building.
V. It gives clear internal details from foundation to terrace of
the building in section.
VI. Gives details of the doors and windows sizes and types in
schedule of opening.
VII. Schedule giving notes for type of construction.
VIII. Schedule giving notes for foundation work.
IX. It gives idea about total height of building.
SECTION
Section is also known as vertical section and sectional
elevation or cross section. It is imagined that a finished buildings is
cut vertically along a line so that the building is separated into two
portions along the imagined vertical plane right from top of the
building to the lowest part of foundation. The view that can be
seen while travelling along this imaginary vertical plane when
looking towards left is drawn to the same scale as that adopted
for the plan.
The line, which is drawn on the plan to indicate the section, is
called sectional line and represented by A-B or X-X. The arrow
heads shall be marked to indicate the way in which the sectional
view is to be drawn. In some cases offset is given to indicate the
necessary details, but the offset is only to shift the vertical plane
from one position to another position as shown below.
NECESSITY OF SECTION
The necessity of the section is to indicate all the vertical
dimensions like, foundation details, basement, details of flooring,
height of super structure, sizes of doors, windows, almairahs,
cupboards, other openings, thickness of roofing, width and depth
of parapet wall, lintels, sunshades, portico and other details. All
these details are required to calculate the quantities of items of
work and to execute the process of construction.
Building Section Drawings show a view at an imaginary line cut
through the building vertically, indicating the buildings structural
and construction elements. The Building Section Drawings expose
and identify the construction elements of the roof, walls, partitions,
floors, ceilings, and foundations. For most renovation or alteration
projects, Building or Wall Sections would not be required. If the
project involves alterations to the roof, floor, walls, or foundations
components of the building, appropriate Building or Wall Sections
(showing the proposed alterations) will be required.
Data drawing – site plan,
A Site Plan Drawing identifies buildings and other features in
relation to property boundaries. It must identify existing
buildings,
structures, and features on the property, and the changes to the
property created by the proposed project.
Alterations, Renovations, or Change of Use to a building may
determine the need for existing site features to be identified
and/or altered (e.g. parking, loading spaces, & fire access routes).
If site feature information is required, or if features are altered,
the
information must be shown on a Site Plan Drawing.
Some of the information for a Site Plan Drawing can be found on
the property survey. If a survey is not available, accurate
information must be obtained for the Site Plan Drawing.
Minimum information requirements for Site Plan Drawings include,
but are not limited to, the following:
Title, Scale, and North Arrow
Street Name, Address, and Legal Description
Abutting streets and lanes
Property lines and dimensions
Rights- of- way and easements
All existing buildings and structures (indicating shape and
dimensions)
Proposed construction (indicating shape and dimensions)
Setbacks to all property lines from existing and proposed
building and structures
Separation distances between all buildings and structures
Any building structures to be removed
New/existing driveway locations and size
New/existing vehicle aisles and dimensions
New/existing parking stalls and loading spaces (size,
locations, and numbers)
New/existing sidewalks and curbs
Fire access routes and hydrant locations
Barrier-free access (ramps, landings, and curb cuts)
Site plan control agreement requirements (if applicable)
Well and septic tank/field location (if applicable)
Site grading elevations (existing and proposed)
Importance of Site Plan:
1. It gives idea of site.
2. It gives details of building site with respect to road and
adjoining plots.
3. It gives idea direction of plot facing ie East-west or North-south.
4. It gives margins from boundary of plot.
5. It gives size of plot.
6. It gives location of water supply line, drainage line, manhole
and water tank.
Location Plan:
Location plan is the drawing in which site of work is shown with respect
to city survey.
Importance of location Plan:
1. Location plan can shown with site plan.
2. With the help of location plan, we can locate correctly the site of
site of construction.
3. In location plan, distance of site from permanent object is find out.
4. In location plan, boundaries towards all directions are described.
5. Location plan is drawn by competent authorities, any disputes
can be solved.
SCHEDULE OF OPENINGS
CONSTRUCTION NOTES
Purpose of writing Construction notes:
1. Type and specifications of material which is to be used is
mentioned in construction note.
2. To know the dimensions of components shown in drawing.
3. To know the types of doors and windows and ventilators.
4. To know the depth of foundation, plinth height, floor height,
sill
height etc.
5. To know details of chajja projection, slab projection and plinth
projection etc.
6. Any special work or treatment to be given in mentioned in
construction notes.
Area Statement
Importance of Area Statement:
1. Area statement is the first step in designing of building.
2. It plays important role while taking sanction for plan.
3. In future, if there will be any expansion in plot, it will be
decided
acc. To area of statement.
4. Billing of contractor is calculated with the help of this
statement.
5. The taxes of construction are based on the area of
statement.

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Unit 3

Drawing of load bearings structures

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