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Lec1 - Fundamentals of CS

The document describes the key layers of a computing system: 1) The information layer focuses on how data is represented using binary digits. 2) The hardware layer consists of physical components like circuits, transistors, and the CPU. 3) The programming layer deals with software instructions that process data and computations. 4) The operating system layer manages computer resources. 5) The applications layer uses computers to solve problems. 6) The top communication layer allows computing systems to communicate with each other.

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Salman Khan
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76 views13 pages

Lec1 - Fundamentals of CS

The document describes the key layers of a computing system: 1) The information layer focuses on how data is represented using binary digits. 2) The hardware layer consists of physical components like circuits, transistors, and the CPU. 3) The programming layer deals with software instructions that process data and computations. 4) The operating system layer manages computer resources. 5) The applications layer uses computers to solve problems. 6) The top communication layer allows computing systems to communicate with each other.

Uploaded by

Salman Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 01

Nell Dale & John Lewis


Chapter One Goals

Describe the layers of a computer system


Describe the concept of abstraction and its relationship to
computing
Distinguish between systems programmers and
applications programmers
Describe the changing role of the computer user
Distinguish between computing as a tool and computing as
a discipline
Describe the history of computer hardware and software
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Computing Systems

Computer Science deals with science behind the


interaction between hardware and software systems and
their computational applications.
Computing Systems:
Used to solve problems and interact with its
environment.
Composed of hardware, software, and the data that
they manage.

What is the difference between hardware and software?


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Hardware: The physical elements of a computing
system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard…)

Software: The programs that provide the


instructions for a computer to execute

Data/Information: At the very heart of a computer


system is the information that it manages.

Without data, the hardware and software are


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essentially useless. 3
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Layers of a Computing System

Communication
Application
Operating System
Programming
Hardware
Information

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4
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Layers of a Computing System
Information Layer: Reflects the way we represent information on a
computer. Information on a computer is managed using binary digits, 1
and 0.
Hardware Layer: Consists of the physical hardware of a computer
system. Electronic circuits: transistors, gates. CPU(Central Processing
Unit) and Memory.
Programming Layer: Deals with software, the instructions used
to accomplish computations and manage data.
Operating System (OS): Help manage the computer’s resources.
Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.
Applications Layer: Focuses on using the computer to solve specific real-
world problems.
Communication Layer: We use computer technology to communicate,
and that communication is a fundamental layer at which computing
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systems operate.

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