MATHSMATICS

CH:15 PROBABILITY
❖ Two or more events of an experiment, where occurrence of an event prevents
occurrences of all other events, are called Mutually Exclusive Events.
COMPLIMENTARY EVENTS AND PROBABILITY

We denote the event 'not E' by E . This is called the complement event of event E.

So, P(E) + P(not E) = 1

i.e., P(E) + P( E ) = 1, which gives us P( E ) = 1 – P(not E). In general, it is true that for an event E, P( E
) = 1 – P(not E)

Equally likely events : Two or more events are said to be equally likely if each one of them has
an equal chance of occurrence.

Mutually Exclusive events : Two or more events are mutually exclusive if the occurrence of
each event prevents the every other event.

Complementary events : Consider an event has few outcomes. Event of all other outcomes in
the sample survey which are not in the favourable event is called Complementary event.

Exhaustive events : All the events are exhaustive events if their union is the sample space.

Sure events : The sample space of a random experiment is called sure or certain event as any one
of its elements will surely occur in any trail of the experiment.

Impossible event : An event which will occur on any account is called an impossible event.
Q.1 In family of 3 children , The probability of having at least one boy is:

Q.2 The probability of a number selected at random from the numbers 1,2,3,……….15 is a

multiple of 4 .

Q.3 The probability that a non-leap year selected at random will contains 53 Mondays is

[CBSE:2015]

Q.4 One alphabets is chosen from the world MATHEMATICS. The probability of getting a

vowels.

Q.5 Non Occurrence of any events is 3:4 .What is the probability of Occurrence of this

events ?

[CBSE:2014]

Q.6 If the difference of the probability of happening of events and non happening of events

is in ratio of 3:7. Then find the probability of the happening and non happening of events.

Q.7 A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards . find the

probability of getting neither a red card nor a queen. [CBSE:2016]

Q.8 Two different dice are rolled together. Find the probability of (1)the getting a doublet,

(2) of getting the sum of 10 ,of the numbers on the two dice . [CBSE:2018]

Q.9 A box contains 12 balls of which some are red in colour. If 6 ore red balls are put in the

box and a ball is drawn at random, the probability of drawing a red ball doubles then what

it was before. Find the numbers of the red balls in the box. [CBSE:2018]

Q.10 An integer is chosen at random between 1 and 100 .Find the probability of that (1) it is

divisible by 8 ,(2) not divisible by 8 . [CBSE:2019]

Q.11 Cards marked with the numbers 3,4,5, ……….50 are placed in a box and mixed

thoroughly. A card is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability of the selected

cards bears a perfect square number .

Q.12 A number 𝑥 is selected at random from the number 1,2,3, and 4 . Another number by

𝑦 is selected at random from the numbers 1, 4, 9, and 16 .Find the probability that that
product of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 is less than 16. [CBSE:2016]

Q.13 In single throw of a pair of difference dice , What is the probability of getting a) prime

number on each dice ,b) a total of 9 or 11? [CBSE:2016]

Q.14 A bag contains 15 white and some black balls . If the probability of drawing a black

ball from the bag is thrice that of the drawing a white ball , find the numbers of black balls

in the bag . [CBSE:2017]

Q.15 There are 100 cards in the bag on which numbers from 1 to 100 are written .A card is

taken out from the bag at random . Find the probability that the number on the selected

cards

a) It id divisible by 9 and is a perfect square [CBSE:2018]

b) is a prime number greater then 80 .

𝑥 1
Q.16 If P(winning) = , P(Losing) = Find the value of the 𝑥
12 3
Q17 A bag contains 5 white balls, 7 red balls, 4 black balls, and 2 blues balls. One ball is

drawn at random from the bag . Find the probability of ball is drawn is

a) White or blue b) red or black

b) Not white d) neither white nor black

Q.18 A bag contains 100 red cards, 200 yellow cards, and 50 blue cards , If a cards drawn

random from the box, Find the probability that will be [CBSE;2012]

a) a blue cards b) not a yellow cards

c) neither yellow nor blue cards

Q.19 Red queens and black jacks are removed from the pack of 52 playing cards .Find the

probability that the cars drawn from the remaining cards [CBSE:2015]
 a) a card of clubs or an ace b ) a black king

c) neither a jack nor king d) either a black king or queen

Q.20 Cards marked 1,3,5, ……49 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly .One card is

drawn from the box .find the probability that the number on the card is: [CBSE:2017]

A) divisible of 3 b) a composite number

c) not a perfect square d) multiple of 3 and 5

Q.21 A dice is thrown twice. Find the probability of that: [CBSE:2019]

a) 5 will come at least one time

b) 5 will not come up either times

Q.22 A box contains cards number from 11 to 123. A card is drawn at random from the box

.Find the probability of that the number is drawn on the card is : [CBSE:2018]

a) A square number b) A multiple of 7 c) not a perfect square

Q.23 240 student reside in the hotels. Out of which 50% go to yoga classes early in the

morning, 25% go for gym club, and 15% of which go for morning walk .Rest of the students

have joined for the laughing club . Find the probability of students :

a) joined laughing club b) go for yoga class & morning walk

c) not go for gym & laughing clubs

Q.24 Ramesh got 24000 amount as a bonus. He donated 5000 to temple. He gave 12000 to

his wife , 2000 to his servants and gave rest of amount to his daughter calculate the

probability

a) wife’s share b) servants share

c) daughter’s share d) not servants share

Q.25 A letter is chosen at random from the letters of the word ‘ASSASSINATION’. Find
the probability that the letter chosen is a (i) vowel (ii) consonant (iii) A (iv) S (v) N.
Q.26 A letter is chosen at random from the letters of the word ‘INDEPENDENCE’. Find
the probability that the letter chosen is a (i) vowel (ii) consonant (iii) E (iv) N (v) D.

Q.27 A number x is selected from the numbers 1, 2, 3 and then a second number y is
randomly selected from the number 1, 4, 9. What is the probability that the product xy of
the two numbers will be less than 9?

Q.28 Savita and Hamida are friends. What is the probability that both will have (i)
different birthdays?
(ii) the same birthday? (ignoring a leap year).

Q.29 What is the probability that an ordinary year has 53 Sundays?

Q.30 Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year.

Q.31 Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays or 53 Saturdays in a leap year.

Q.32 Find the probability of getting 53 Mondays or 53 Tuesday in an ordinary year.

Q.33 Tickets numbered 2, 3, 4, 5, …..100, 101 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly.
One ticket is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that the number on
the ticket is
a) a two-digit number b) a perfect square number

c) a number divisible by 5. d) a number divisible by 2 or 3.

e). a number divisible by 2 and 3 f). a number divisible by 7.

g) a number multiple of 8. h) a two digit number divisible by 5

i). A two digit number divisible by 2. j). a two digit number divisible by 3.

k). a two digit number divisible by 4. l). a two digit number perfect square.

m). a perfect cube number. N) a prime number.

o) neither divisible by 5 nor 10. p). neither divisible by 2 nor 5.

q). neither divisible by 3 nor 5. r). a two digit prime number.

s). an even prime number.

Q.34 A bag contains 5 red, 8 green and 7 white balls. One ball is drawn at random from the

bag, find the probability of getting

1. a white ball or a green ball

2. neither green ball nor red ball.

3. not green?

4. not red?

5. not white?

6. neither red ball nor white ball?

Q.34 Two dice are thrown at the same time. Determine the probability that the
difference of the numbers on the two dice is 2.
Q.35 Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting

a). an even number on first dice

b). an odd number on first dice

c). an even number as the sum

d). a multiple of 5 as the sum

e). a multiple of 7 as the sum

f). a multiple of 3 as the sum

g). a sum more than 7

h). a sum greater than 9

i). neither the sum 9 nor the sum 11 as the sum

j). a sum less than 6

Q.36 Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that the sum
of the numbers appearing on the dice is (i) 7? (ii) a prime number? (iii) 1?
. Q 37 Five cards—the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds, are well-shuffled with
their face downwards. One card is then picked up at random.

(i) What is the probability that the card is the queen?

(ii) If the queen is drawn and put aside, what is the probability that the second card
picked up is
(a) an ace? (b) a queen?

Q.38 (i) A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. One bulb is drawn at random from
the lot. What is the probability that this bulb is defective?
(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and is not replaced. Now one bulb is
drawn at random from the rest. What is the probability that this bulb is not defective ?

Q.39 A die has its six faces marked 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 6. Two such dice are thrown together
and the total score is recorded. (i) How many different scores are possible? (ii) What
is the probability of getting a total of 7?
Q.40 A letter of English alphabets is chosen at random. Determine the probability
that the letter is a consonant.