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This document provides information on calculating allowable bending stress for wood beams based on their size, shape, and slenderness. It defines size factors, form factors, and slenderness factors that are used to adjust the allowable bending stress based on the beam dimensions. It also provides tables of effective length factors for different beam types and load conditions. Worked examples are provided at the end to demonstrate calculating adjusted allowable stress and maximum supported load for given beam dimensions and properties.

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Mineski Prince Garma
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183 views25 pages

STPDF3

This document provides information on calculating allowable bending stress for wood beams based on their size, shape, and slenderness. It defines size factors, form factors, and slenderness factors that are used to adjust the allowable bending stress based on the beam dimensions. It also provides tables of effective length factors for different beam types and load conditions. Worked examples are provided at the end to demonstrate calculating adjusted allowable stress and maximum supported load for given beam dimensions and properties.

Uploaded by

Mineski Prince Garma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1C

Allowable Bending Stress


When the depth of a rectangular saw lumber bending member 125mm or
thicker exceeds 300mm, the allowable bending stress Fb shall be multiplied
by the size factor Cf.
1 9
300
𝐶𝑓 =
𝑑
𝐹𝑏′ = 𝐶𝑓 𝐹𝑏
𝐶𝑓 = 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒. 𝑓𝑎ctor
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ. 𝑜𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
For beams of circular cross section having a diameter greater than 340mm
the size factor Cf maybe determined on the basis of an equivalent
conventionally loaded square beam.
1 9
300
𝐶𝑓 =
𝑑
𝜋𝐷2
= 𝑑2
4
2
𝜋 340)2
𝑑 = ( Note: The size factor adjustment shall not
4 apply to visually graded lumber 50mm to
𝑑 = 301.3 > 300𝑚𝑚 100mm thick or to machine stress-rated lumber
Beam Section Form Factor
Circular 1.180
Square 1.414

The form factor shall be cumulative with the size factor adjustment except for
lumber I-beams and box beams.
Slenderness Factor
When the depth of a bending member exceeds its breadth, lateral support
may be required and the slenderness factor Cs shall be computed using the
relations:
𝐿𝑒 𝑑
𝐶𝑠 =
𝑏2
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠. 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐿𝑒 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒. 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ. 𝑜𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ. 𝑜𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ. 𝑜𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
Type of Beam Span and Nature of Load Effective Length Le
1. Single span beam, load concentrated at center Le=1.61Lu
2. Single span beam, uniformly distributed load Le=1.92Lu
3. Single span beam, equal end moments Le=1.84Lu
4. Cantilever beam, load concentrated load at Le=1.69Lu
cantilever end
5. Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed load Le=1.06Lu
6. Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed load with
concentrated load at cantilever end
7. Single span, or cantilever beam, any other load Lu=unsupported length of
beam
A. Short Unbraced Beam
When slenderness factor Cs<10 Use Fb’=Fb
B. Intermediate Unbraced Beam
When Cs>10 but less than Ck
Where 𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811 For visually graded sawn beam
𝐹𝑏
E=modulus of elasticity of wood
Fb=Allowable unit stress for extreme fiber in bending
Fb’=Allowable unit stress for extreme fiber in bending adjusted for
slenderness
4
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹𝑏′ = 𝐹𝑏 1 −
3 𝐶𝑘
C. Visually Graded Sawn beam
When Cs>Ck but less than 50(long unbraced beam)
0.438𝐸
𝐹𝑏′ =
𝐶𝑠 2
𝐶𝑠 − 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑. 𝑛𝑜𝑡. 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑. 50
Slenderness Factor
When the depth of a bending member exceeds its breadth, lateral support
mayber required and the slenderness factor Cs shall be computed using the
relation:
𝐿𝑒 𝑑
𝐶𝑠 =
𝑏2
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠. 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝐿𝑒 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒. 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ. 𝑜𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ. 𝑜𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ. 𝑜𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
Type of Beam Span and Nature of Load Effective Length Le
1. Single span beam, load concentrated at center Le=1.61Lu
2. Single span beam, uniformly distributed load Le=1.92Lu
3. Single span beam, equal end moments Le=1.84Lu
4. Cantilever beam, load concentrated load at Le=1.69Lu
cantilever end
5. Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed load Le=1.06Lu
6. Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed load with
concentrated load at cantilever end
7. Single span, or cantilever beam, any other load Lu=unsupported length of
beam
A. Short Beam
When slenderness factor Cs<10 Use Fb’=Fb
B. Intermediate Unbraced Beam
When Cs>10 but less than Ck
Where 𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.956 For glue-laminated beam and
𝐹𝑏 machine stress-rated lumber

E=modulus of elasticity of wood


Fb=Allowable unit stress for extreme fiber in bending
Fb’=Allowable unit stress for extreme fiber in bending adjusted for
1/4
slenderness 1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹𝑏′ = 𝐹𝑏 1 −
3 𝐶𝑘
C. Long Beams:

0.609𝐸 For glued-laminated beam and


𝐹𝑏′ = machine stress-rated lumber
𝐶𝑠 2
A single-span beam having an unsupported length of 8m has a cross section
of 200mmx350mm. It carries a uniform distributed load “W” kN/m throughout
its span. Allowable bending stress if Fb=9.6Moa and a modulus of elasticity
of 13,800Mpa. From table, the effective length le=1.92Lu where
Lu=unsupported length of beam.
1. Compute the allowable bending stress with size factor adjustment.
2. Compute the allowable bending stress with slenderness factor
adjustment.
3. Compute the safe uniform load “W” that the beam could carry.
A single span beam having an unsupported span of 20m carries a uniform
load of W kN/m throughout its span. The beam has a cross section of
150mm x 600mm. Allowable bending stress of the wood is Fb=12.4Mpa.
With a modulus elasticity of 13,800Mpa.
1. Compute the allowable bending stress with size factor adjustment
2. Compute the allowable bending stress with slenderness factor
adjustment
3. Compute the load W that the beam could carry.

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