General Physics 1

Activity Sheet
Quarter 1 – MELC 20
Week 3
Relative Motion and Motion
in 2D

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

i
General Physics 1
Activity Sheet No. 5: Relative Motion and Motion in 2D
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of General Physics 1 Activity Sheet

Writer: Marvin F. Englis

Editor: Leonardo Legaspi

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

Leonardo Legaspi
Gina P. Ferraris

Division of Sagay City Management Team:

Arlene Gomez Bermejo
Ruby Therese P. Almencion
Nenita P. Gamao
Gina P. Ferraris
Marlon Dublin

Regional Management Team:

Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

ii
Introductory Message

Welcome to General Physics 1 for Grade 12!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division Sagay City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Physics 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner.
This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Physics 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator
on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ___________________________________ Date: _____________________

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 5

Relative Motion and Motion in 2D

I. Learning Competency with Code

Describe motion using the concept of relative velocities in 1D and 2D
(STEM_GP12KIN-Ic-20)

II. Background Information for Learners

● RELATIVE MOTION

When you talk about motion, you always need to have a reference point as basis if
the particle really moves or not. But what if the reference point is also moving? In
this case, the location of the reference point may change every second and it may
cause confusion to you. The best way to deal with this is to imagine that the selected
reference point is stationary.

Refer to Figure 1. If you are riding a car and overtakes a motorcycle, the motorcycle
seems to move backward (being left behind) from your perspective. And from the
perspective of the motorcycle, the car is moving ahead of it.

Figure 1: As the car (reference point) overtakes the motorcycle, the motorcycle seems
to be moving leftward from the car (reference point). If you consider the motorcycle
as the new reference point, the car seems to move rightward from it.

Sample Problem: Randy was standing in the side of

the railway and a train wagon passes by him at a
velocity of –10m/s. Troy is on the train and is walking
towards the right at a velocity of 1m/s. Hint: treat each
object as if it is moving in a 1-dimensional plane (x-
axis).

a) What is the velocity of the train relative to Randy’s position?

vtrain, Randy = –10 m/s
Explanation: You take the place of Randy: You will see that the train is definitely moving at –
10 m/s. The negative sign indicates that the train is moving to the left relative to him (Randy)
(reference point).
b) What is the velocity of Troy relative to the moving train?
vTroy, train = 1 m/s
Explanation: You take the place of the train: You will see that that Troy will be relatively
moving to the right at +1m/s. The positive sign indicates that Troy is moving to the right
relative to the reference point (observer).

c) What is the velocity of Troy relative to Randy?

vTroy, Randy = –9 m/s
Explanation: You take the place of Randy: As the train moves at –10 m/s, Troy also moves at
1m/s. Therefore, what Randy sees is that Troy moves by –9 m/s.

d) Is Troy moving to the left or right of Randy?

Troy is moving leftward of Randy.
Explanation: Although Troy is moving to the right at 1m/s, it would not be enough to surpass
the velocity of the train which is 10m/s to the left.

● POSITION, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

When you deal with position and velocity in 2-dimensions and 3-dimensions, you
provide the position of the object along the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis if necessary.
Recall the topic on vectors.

Position Vector – the location of the particle along the x, y and z-axes from a
reference point. You use the symbol rԦ to represent position vector.

መ
𝐫Ԧ = (x)𝐢Ƹ + (y)𝐣Ƹ + (z)𝐤
Average Velocity – the ratio of the change in position and the total amount of
time. You are now dealing with the particle’s change in position along x, y and z-
axes.

∆ rԦ (xf - xi ) (yf - yi ) (zf - zi )

𝐯ሬԦ = or 𝐯ሬԦ = 𝐢Ƹ + 𝐣Ƹ + መ
𝐤
∆t tf - ti tf - ti t f - ti

Average Acceleration – the ratio between the change in velocity and the
corresponding time duration.

ሬԦ
∆𝒗 (𝒗𝐱𝟐 − 𝒗𝒙𝟏 ) (𝒗𝐲𝟐 − 𝒗𝐲𝟏 ) (𝒗𝒛𝟐 − 𝒗𝒛𝟏 )
𝐚ሬԦ = or 𝐚ሬԦ = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + ෡
𝒌
∆𝒕 𝐭𝟐 − 𝐭𝟏 𝐭𝟐 − 𝐭𝟏 𝐭𝟐 − 𝐭𝟏

Sample Problem: An ant is crawling on the wall changing its position every 1 second.
You put the imaginary grids to identify the location of the ant from a reference point
(origin) as it moves across the wall. What is the ant’s average velocity from position
r3 to r4? (Refer to Figure 2)

Given:
r3 = (6𝑖Ƹ + 3𝑗Ƹ) cm
r4 = (4𝑖Ƹ + 6𝑗Ƹ) cm

Solution:
Calculate for the ant’s average velocity.
(xf - xi ) (yf - yi ) (4 – 6) (6 – 3)
𝑣Ԧ = tf - ti
𝒊Ƹ + tf - ti
𝒋Ƹ = ቂ 1
ቃ 𝑖Ƹ + ቂ 1
ቃ 𝑗Ƹ
ሬԦ = (–2 𝒊Ƹ + 3 𝒋Ƹ ) cm/s
𝒗 Figure 2. Ant’s displacement
Therefore: The ant moves from r3 to r4 in the 2-dimensional field with an average
velocity of (–2𝒊Ƹ + 3𝒋Ƹ) cm/s. The value already has its magnitude and direction
included.

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1. Relative Motion

Directions. Answer the following in a separate sheet of paper.

A boy and girl were walking together in a

sidewalk when a stranger passed by them.

Questions.

1) What is the velocity of the boy relative to the girl?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2) Who is the reference point in question #1?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3) What is the velocity of the stranger relative to the girl?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4) What is the velocity of the girl relative to the stranger?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5) Who is the reference point in question #4?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2. Motion in 2D
Directions. Answer the following in a separate sheet of paper.

An ant is crawling on the wall changing its position

every 1 second.

1) What is the position of the ant at r1?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2) What is the position of the ant at r2?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3) What is the average velocity of the ant as its position
changes from r1 to r2?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4) What is the average velocity of the ant as its position changes from r2 to r4?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5) In question #4, what is the direction of the ant’s motion in degrees?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Reflection

As you are sitting in your chair, is it definite that you are

stationary if you consider all the objects around you?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
V. Key Answers
III. Activity

● Relative Motion
1) vboy, girl = 0m/s
2) Girl
3) vstranger, girl = –3m/s
4) vgirl, stranger = 3m/s
5) Stranger

● Motion in 2D
1) r1 = (1𝑖Ƹ + 3𝑗Ƹ) cm
2) r2 = (2𝑖Ƹ + 1𝑗Ƹ) cm
(xf - xi ) (yf - yi ) (2 – 1) (1 – 3)
3) v1-2 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ = ቂ ቃ 𝑖Ƹ + ቂ ቃ 𝑗Ƹ = (1𝑖Ƹ – 2𝑗Ƹ) cm/s
tf - ti tf - ti 1 1
(xf - xi ) (yf - yi ) (4 – 1) (6 – 3)
4) v1-4 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ = ቂ ቃ 𝑖Ƹ + ቂ ቃ 𝑗Ƹ = (3𝑖Ƹ + 3𝑗Ƹ) cm/s
tf - ti tf - t i 1 1
4) θ = 45⁰ If the a right triangle have equal leg length, the side angles is always 45⁰. Check the
illustration below.

IV. Reflection
Your motion will be different if you chose a moving reference point. If you consider the table near you to
be the reference point, then you are stationary relative to the table. But if you consider the dog as the
reference point as it runs towards you at 3m/s, then you are moving at 3m/s relative to that dog. In an
extreme case, if you consider the sun as the reference point, then you are moving at 30km/s around the
sun. Motion is relative to whatever your reference point is.

VI. Links and Other References

Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J. (2011). Fundamentals of Physics (9 th
Edition). Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/31441276/Fundamentals_of_Physics_Extend
ed_9th_HQ_Halliday_pdf
Young, H. & Freedman, R. (2012). University Physics with Modern Physics (13 th
Edition). Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/39499005/Full_Book_University_Physics_13t
h_Edition_PDF_KD
https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/pizza-delivery-
motorbike_719308.htm
https://www.xyzasia.com/malaysian-road-rules
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/overview/
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/young-and-casual-man-
sitting-in-chair-with-table-vector-24395844
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/funny-dog-cartoons-
download-vector-2261850