Probability and Statistics: (Final Exam Revision)

Probability and Statistics
(Final exam Revision)
Dr. Phan Thi Huong

HoChiMinh City University of Technology
Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Applied Mathematics
Email: [email protected]
Ngày 19 tháng 5 năm 2021
Exercise 1. Consider the following frequency table of observations on the random variable
X:
Values 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 4 21 10 13 2
Based on these 50 observations, is a binomial distribution with n = 6 and p = 0.25 an
appropriate model? Perform a goodness-of-fit procedure with α = 0.05.
Exercise 2. The number of calls arriving at a switchboard from noon to 1:00 p.m. during
the business days Monday through Friday is monitored for six weeks (i.e., 30 days). Let X
be defined as the number of calls during that one-hour period. The relative frequency of calls
was recorded and reported as
Value 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Relative frequency 0.067 0.067 0.100 0.133 0.200 0.133 0.133 0.067 0.033 0.067
Does the assumption of a Poisson distribution seem appropriate as a probability model for
this data? Use α = 0.05
Exercise 3. A city expressway utilizing four lanes in each direction was studied to see
whether drivers prefer to drive on the inside lanes. A total of 1000 automobiles was observed
during the heavy early-morning traffic and their respective lanes recorded. The results were
as follows:
Lane Observed Count
1 294
2 276 Do these data present sufficient evidence to indicate that some
3 238
4 192
lanes are preferred over others? Use α = 0.05 in your test.
Exercise 4. The Hopkins Forest is a 2600-acre forest reserve located at the intersection of
three states: New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts. Researchers monitor forest resources
1
to study long-term ecological changes. They have conducted surveys of existing trees, shrubs,
and herbs at various sites in the forest for nearly 100 years. Following are some data from
surveys of three species of maple trees at the same location over three very different time
periods.
Does the species distribution seem to be independent of year? Test the hypothesis at
α = 0.05.
Exercise 5. To study the effect of fluoridated water supplies on tooth decay, two commu-
nities of roughly the same socio-economic status were chosen. One of these communities
had fluoridated water while the other did not. Random samples of 200 teenagers from both
communities were chosen and the numbers of cavities they had were determined. The results
were as follows:
Do these data establish, at the 5 percent level of significance, that the number of dental
cavities a person has is not independent of whether that person’s water supply is fluoridated?
What about at the 1% level?
Exercise 6. An experiment was run to determine whether four specific firing temperatures
affect the density of a certain type of brick. The experiment led to the following data.
Does the firing temperature affect the den-

sity of the bricks? Use α = 0.05.
Exercise 7. It is suspected that strength is related to the percentage of cotton in the fiber.
Five levels of cotton percentage were used, and five replicates were run in random order,
resulting in the following data.
2
Observations
Cotton percentage
1 2 3 4 5
15 7 7 15 11 9
20 12 17 12 18 18
25 14 18 18 19 19
30 19 25 22 19 23
35 7 10 11 15 11
Does cotton percentage affect breaking strength? Use α = 5%.
Exercise 8. Two different analytical tests can be used to determine the impurity level in
steel alloys. Eight specimens are tested using both procedures, and the results are shown in
the following tabulation.
(a) Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that tests differ in the mean impurity level, using
α = 0.01?
(b) Is there evidence to support the claim that test 1 generates a mean difference 0.1 units
lower than test 2, using α = 0.01?
Exercise 9. Two different types of injection-molding machines are used to form plastic
parts. A part is considered defective if it has excessive shrinkage or is discolored. Two random
samples, each of size 300, are selected, and 15 defective parts are found in the sample from
machine 1, and 8 defective parts are found in the sample from machine 2.
(a) Is it reasonable to conclude that both machines produce the same fraction of defective
parts, using α = 0.05?
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval on the difference in the two fractions defective.
3
Exercise 10. In semiconductor manufacturing, wet chemical etching is often used to remove
silicon from the backs of wafers prior to metallization. The etch rate is an important char-
acteristic in this process and known to follow a normal distribution. Two different etching
solutions have been compared using two random samples of 10 wafers for each solution. The
observed etch rates are as follows (in mils per minute):
(a) Do the data support the claim that the mean etch rate is the same for both solutions?
(b) Find a 95% confidence interval on the difference in mean etch rates.

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Probability and Statistics

(Final exam Revision)

Dr. Phan Thi Huong

Ngày 19 tháng 5 năm 2021

Does the firing temperature affect the den-

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