City College of San Jose del Monte

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING
MODULE

Ria Peralta-Dela Cruz

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

UNIT I. Introduction to Computer

Lesson 3. Parts and Functions of Computer

Desired Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify the parts and functions of computer;
2. Understand the Computer terms used;
3. Accomplish self-learning tasks/ activities.

Engage
K-W-L Chart
Directions. Complete the K and W columns in the KWL chart provided below. Write as many ideas as
you want.

K- what I already KNOW about W- what I WANT to know about L- What I LEARNED about this
this topic this topic topic

Note: This column is to be filled

out this at the end of the session

Explain

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
All types of computers follow the same basic logical structure and perform the following five basic
operations for converting raw input data into information useful to their users.

The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system .
Take Input

Saving data and instructions so that they are available for processing as and when
Store Data required.

Performing arithmetic, and logical operations on data in order to convert them into
Processing useful information.
Data

The process of producing useful information or results for the user, such as a printed
Output report or visual display.
Information

Control the Directs the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are performed.
Workflow

Input Unit
This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into the computer. This unit creates a link
between the user and the computer. The input devices translate the information into a form
understandable by the computer.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It
stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program). It controls the operation of all parts of the
computer.
CPU itself has the following three components −

 ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

 Memory Unit
 Control Unit

Output Unit
The output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the information from the computer. This
unit is a link between the computer and the users. Output devices translate the computer's output into a
form understandable by the users.

BASIC PARTS OF COMPUTER

The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer case, monitor, keyboard and mouse. Each part
plays an important role whenever you use a computer.

Computer Case
The computer case is the metal and plastic box
that contains the main components of the
computer, including the motherboard, central
processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of
the case usually has an On/Off button and one or
more optical drives.

Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes.

A desktop case lies flat on a desk, and the monitor
usually sits on top of it. A tower case is tall and sits
next to the monitor or on the floor. All-in-
one computers come with the internal components
built into the monitor, which eliminates the need for a
separate case.

Monitor
The monitor works with a video card, located inside the
computer case, to display images and text on the screen. Most
monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your
monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in
speakers.

Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display)

or  LED (light-emitting diode) displays. These can be made very

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays.
CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space.

Keyboard

The keyboard is one of the main ways

to communicate with a computer. There
are many different types of keyboards,
but most are very similar and allow you
to accomplish the same basic tasks.

Mouse

The mouse is another important tool for communicating with

computers. Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets
you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them.

There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical.

The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and
is easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to
detect movement and requires regular cleaning to work properly.

Mouse alternatives

There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse. Many people find them easier to use,
and they also require less desk space than a traditional mouse. The most common mouse alternatives are
below.

 Trackball: A trackball has a ball that can rotate freely. Instead of moving
the device like a mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move
the pointer.

 Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-

sensitive pad that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing
motion with your finger. Touchpads are common on laptop
computers.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features −

 CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.

 CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
 It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).
 It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

CPU itself has following three components.

 Memory or Storage Unit

 Control Unit
 ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Memory or Storage Unit

This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies information to other
units of the computer when needed. It is also known as internal storage unit or the main memory or the
primary storage or Random Access Memory (RAM).
Its size affects speed, power, and capability. Primary memory and secondary memory are two types of
memories in the computer. Functions of the memory unit are −
 It stores all the data and the instructions required for processing.
 It stores intermediate results of processing.
 It stores the final results of processing before these results are released to an output device.
 All inputs and outputs are transmitted through the main memory.

Control Unit
This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any actual data
processing operations.
Functions of this unit are −
 It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a
computer.
 It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.
 It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs the operation of the
computer.
 It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data or results from storage.
 It does not process or store data.
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
This unit consists of two subsections namely,

 Arithmetic Section  Logic Section

Arithmetic Section
Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division. All complex operations are done by making repetitive use of the above operations.

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

Logic Section
Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching, and
merging of data.

Comprehension Check

Directions. Check your understanding of the discussion by answering the following questions.

1. Among the components of computer, which do you think is the most important?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why CPU is considered as the brain of the computer?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Is computer can still work even without a mouse?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Explore

In your own words, explain the diagram below. Record a video or use a FLIPGRID and
upload in our google classroom.

Elaborate

K-W-L Chart (Continuation)

Directions. With the inputs you collected, you will now complete the KWL chart by writing what they have
learned in the L column. Screenshot your final KWL Chart and post it in our official FB group.
K- what I already KNOW about W- what I WANT to know about L- What I LEARNED about this
this topic this topic topic

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE

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Evaluation

Congratulations! You are now done with Lesson 3. You may now answer the 20-item quiz via Google
Classroom. Take note that you can only answer it once.

References:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_components.htm
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/basic-parts-of-a-computer/1/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_cpu.htm