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    Rizal in The 19th Century

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    Cedric Ordoñez
    During the 19th century in the Philippines, Jose Rizal helped develop a sense of national identity and consciousness among Filipinos. This was sparked by growing opposition to the oppression of Spanish colonial rule. Significant events contributed to Rizal's reformist views, including the increasing power of corrupt Spanish friars, the replacement of a liberal governor general, and the Cavite Mutiny. Rizal's experiences with discrimination in Spain further shaped his agenda to promote Filipino intellectuals and establish an independent Philippines.

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    Rizal in The 19th Century

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    Cedric Ordoñez
    56 views3 pages
    During the 19th century in the Philippines, Jose Rizal helped develop a sense of national identity and consciousness among Filipinos. This was sparked by growing opposition to the oppression of Spanish colonial rule. Significant events contributed to Rizal's reformist views, including the increasing power of corrupt Spanish friars, the replacement of a liberal governor general, and the Cavite Mutiny. Rizal's experiences with discrimination in Spain further shaped his agenda to promote Filipino intellectuals and establish an independent Philippines.

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    Rizal in the 19th century

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    During the 19th century in the Philippines, Jose Rizal helped develop a sense of national identity and consciousness among Filipinos. This was sparked by growing opposition to the oppression of Spanish colonial rule. Significant events contributed to Rizal's reformist views, including the increasing power of corrupt Spanish friars, the replacement of a liberal governor general, and the Cavite Mutiny. Rizal's experiences with discrimination in Spain further shaped his agenda to promote Filipino intellectuals and establish an independent Philippines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    56 views3 pages

    Rizal in The 19th Century

    Uploaded by

    Cedric Ordoñez
    During the 19th century in the Philippines, Jose Rizal helped develop a sense of national identity and consciousness among Filipinos. This was sparked by growing opposition to the oppression of Spanish colonial rule. Significant events contributed to Rizal's reformist views, including the increasing power of corrupt Spanish friars, the replacement of a liberal governor general, and the Cavite Mutiny. Rizal's experiences with discrimination in Spain further shaped his agenda to promote Filipino intellectuals and establish an independent Philippines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    THE 19TH CENTURY OF RIZAL

    • Jose Rizal was born in the 19th century.

    • During this time, Spain's glory and rule as a colonial power was already waning.

    • The natives of the Philippines were slowly realizing the need to awaken their national consciousness.

    • This was sparked by movements against the oppression of the Spanish colonizers.

    It was Jose Rizal who first used to word Filipino to refer to the inhabitants of the country, whether they
    are of Spanish or Filipino blood.

    • Indios - native inhabitants

    • Filipinos - inhabitants with Spanish blood (peninsulares, insulares, mestizo)

    He realized that the people residing in the Philippines should be called one name - Filipino.

    • The events around the world also contributed to the formation of national consciousness led by Rizal
    and other noted ilustrados during the 19th century.

    • Different events contributed to how Rizal's own national consciousness was shaped.

    • The Industrial Revolution increased the movement of trade around the world which made Filipinos of
    Spanish ancestry wealthier because they had connections to those who handled goods from one country
    to another.

    • With newer production methods, Filipinos merchants and small-scale industrialists became prominent
    in Philippine society, thus forming a new group of influential middle class Filipinos.

    Families from this class had the means to provide education for their children. This is why many
    prominent figures in the Propaganda Movement, against the colonizers came from the middle clasd -
    those who had the privilege to recognize and condemn the ills of the Spanish colonial government
    through their education. Rizal was among them.

    • By the 19th century, two centuries after the Spaniards first came to the Philippines, the hold of the
    Catholic Church in other Spanish colonies was already waning, yet this was not the case in the
    Philippines.

    • The Spanish friars, despite the controversies involving them, were crucial in maintaining the Philippine
    archipelago as a Spanish colony.

    • The Filipinos turned more and more to the friars for moral and political guidance as Spanish civil
    officials in the country became more corrupt and immoral.

    • The friars the became more influential and powerful because of frailocracy or the rule of friars.

    • The dominance of the friars in the country prompted Rizal and the propagandists to expose their
    abuses in forwarding their power and influence in the Philippines.
    The growing power of the friars in the 19th century urged the reformists and nationalists to work harder
    to let the people know who the real enemies were.

    Other significant events in the 19th century that contributed to the formation and the rest of the
    Propagandists' consciousness were:

    • opening of the Suez Canal

    • the democratic leadership of Governor General Dela Torre

    • Governor General Izquerdos' replacement of Dela Torre

    • the Cavite Mutiny.

    The Suez Canal

    the first infrastructure that paved the way for the importation of books, magazines, and newspapers
    with liberal ideas from Europe and America. This was instrumental to the political awakening of Rizal
    because he was able to expand his perspective, therefore shaping his nationalist sensibilities.

    The leadership of Gov. Gen. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre (1869-1871)

    This gave Rizal, the reformists, and the Filipinos a forestate of democratic rule. During the leadership of
    Dela Torre, media censorship became relaxed and limited secularization of education began. He gave
    amnesty to rebels including Casimiro Camerino, the leader of the bandits of Cavite, and established the
    Guardia Civil.

    Governor General Izquerdo's replacement of Dela Torre

    • Dela Torre's terms and regulations were easily pushed out of view when he was replaced by Gov. Gen
    Rafael Izquierdo (1871-1873) who was exactly the opposite of Dela Torre's liberal-minded rule.

    • For Izquierdo, the indios should not be given the same rights and freedom enjoyed by the Spaniards in
    the Philippines.

    The Cavite Mutiny

    • a failed uprising against the Spaniards, resulting in disarmed, imprisoned, and dead Filipino soldiers.

    • Those who were suspected to be involved in the mutiny were also arrested and executed.

    •The Spanish authorities and the friars used the mutiny to implicate the three secular priests - Mariano
    Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as Gomburza - and proclaimed that they
    were instigators of the said mutiny.

    Rizal's aim to make the Philippines known as a country of writers and intellectuals was a result of his
    firsthand experience of racial discrimination when he was in Spain. Considered as an interior race,
    Filipinos were not given access to public goods and experienced rampant prejudice in government
    offices, schools, and in society in general.

    A number of economic, social, political, and cultural changes in the country and around world
    contributed to the formation of Rizal's national consciousness and his reformist agenda. This liberal and
    progressive ideas of Rizal, together with the other reformists, stirred the national consciousness of
    natives which eventually led to the Philippine Revolution of 1896. Rizal's contribution to the decline of
    the Spanish rule in the 19th century is recognized until today.

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