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Lesson 3: Participatory Planning and Implementation

Participatory planning is a process that empowers local communities to identify problems and propose solutions. It involves laying out a course of actions to achieve social and economic goals through community involvement. There are different levels of participation, from passive involvement to full self-mobilization. Key principles of participatory planning include strengthening local organizations, supporting local institutions, and building confidence through learning rather than just expertise. The historical development of participatory planning saw a shift away from top-down centralized planning towards bottom-up approaches that acknowledge community knowledge.

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1K views5 pages

Lesson 3: Participatory Planning and Implementation

Participatory planning is a process that empowers local communities to identify problems and propose solutions. It involves laying out a course of actions to achieve social and economic goals through community involvement. There are different levels of participation, from passive involvement to full self-mobilization. Key principles of participatory planning include strengthening local organizations, supporting local institutions, and building confidence through learning rather than just expertise. The historical development of participatory planning saw a shift away from top-down centralized planning towards bottom-up approaches that acknowledge community knowledge.

Uploaded by

Hobi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 3: PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to:


1. Understand the importance of participatory planning
and implementation;
2. Discuss the different concepts of participatory
planning; and
3. Apply the steps in participatory planning.

Introduction:
This chapter deals with participatory planning and implementation. Specifically, it discusses the
meaning, principles, and levels of planning, as well as a brief historical development of participatory
planning.
Planning is to direct and guide the people who are involved in a certain project. Its aim is to improve
the quality of life and the standard of living of a particular minority group in a community, e.g., the
poor, women, children, disabled, and indigenous people termed as Social planning. It includes the
areas of health, education, housing, and social welfare.
Assessment means to gauge the impact of a community project on the social development of a
community.

Motivation: Word Games


Three (3) Pictures that have One (1) word in common-what is it? Challenge your brain in this
picture word challenge for endless word fun!
A. What is Participatory Planning and Program/Project Implementation
Participatory Planning
Participatory planning is the process of laying out the course of actions needed to attain a set of
socio-economic or other goals. It resolves community issues or problems by giving concerned
community members the chance to identity problems and propose solutions to their own problem.
It empowers the people to improve and develop themselves. The community development agents,
facilitators and leaders are simply catalysts for change.

Program/Project implementation deals with the


actual execution of the plans. This phase of project
development includes making the final arrangement
with the target clients/community partners, officials
involved in the activities, appropriate schedule of
each event, day-to-day activities and needs of the
clients, manpower for each day of the program,
monitoring and evaluation plan and other
requirements like social and recreational activities
and the culminating activities of the project.
A project is described in the Webster’s Dictionary as a planned undertaking. The initial step is to
identify the specific acts that must be taken to meet a set of objectives.
The next is to lay down the project as reflected in the acts to be taken. A project’s common elements
include the following:

1. Objectives
This element describes what the project aims to do and what the project is for.
2. Boundaries
This element specifies the scope and limitations of the project.
3. Location
This element identifies where the project will be implemented.
4. Target beneficiaries
This element states who will benefit from the implementation of the project.
5. Duration
This elements determines the schedule of the project, i.e., when the project will be
implemented and when it will end.
6. Budget
This element itemizes the expected
expenses that the project will incur upon its
implementation.
7. Methodology
This element indicates the approach or
manner by which the project will be implemented.

B. Considerations to ensure the success of the NSTP-CWTS community service


projects.

1. Program must be responsive to the needs of the clients;


2. Maximize the resources available in the community;
3. Tap the potentials of the clients and give them due recognition;
4. Objectives must be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timed) with
tangible results that touch the lives of the clients;

5. Project must be done systematically to ensure significant contributions from pre-planning,


planning stage, implementation and evaluation;

6. Complete documentation must be observed as basis for reporting and for future studies;

7. Projects must be within the capacity and concern of the students that will allow them to gain
knowledge, skills and encourage reflective action; and

8. Develop shared commitment among students.

C. Historical Development of Participatory Planning


In the 1970s, professional development workers became aware of the mismatch between the reality
they constructed and the reality others experienced; dissatisfied with the short rural visits of
development technocrats only to drop by the offices of or talk to, local male leaders; and
disillusioned with questionnaire surveys and their results. They also acknowledged that people from
the provinces themselves knew more about their situations and communities as compared to those
from the cities (Chamber, 1997). Thus, these workers developed new methods and approaches in
social planning as an alternative to centralized, top-down planning.
D. Principles of Participatory Planning

1. Development should be seen more as a change from the bottom-up than from the top-
down/bottom.

2. The development process should be managed naturally rather than mechanically, i.e., unduly
focused on plans, goals, objectives, targets, and schedules. This implies that the aforementioned
variables may change and that, therefore, they should be made flexible.

3. The development process should also strengthen local organizations and local government
bureaucracies. A community program should be chosen according to its ability to enhance local
development. It should start with a few schemes to solve immediate local problems, build
confidence, and earn experience.

4. The development process should be supported by local institutions with the villages, primary
cooperatives, religious and youth groups, and community based and self-help associations playing a
major role.

This is a case in point. According to Rina Jimenez-David, former Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG) Secretary Jessie Robredo’s legacy is the empowerment of his constituents.
When he was the mayor of Naga City from 1988 to 2010, he laid down a clear and comprehensive
framework that allowed his constituents to take an active part in governance. Naguefños were able
to voice their concerns arnd suggestions to the city hall and act in various project stages from
procurement to budgeting. They also scuttled a plan to set up a golf course. As a result, 193 non-
governmental and people’s organizations now work with the local government through the Naga
City People’s Council.

5. The development process must be based primarily on confidence-building and learning rather
than on expertise and training. It is more important for the people who will make decisions at the
local level to have the full trust of the people they represent rather than to be trained experts. This
implies that the technical staff of central government departments should work in tandem with local
interest groups rather than just sit idly by and dismiss the plans prepared by the latter.
E. Levels of Participation
Typology Results

1. Passive People are told of what will happen or is taking


place.

2. Information-based People answer a survey team’s questionnaire


(no follow-up).
3. Consultation-based People answer a questionnaire defined or
designed by “outsiders” i.e., non-community
members.

4. Incentives-based People work for cash, food, or other incentives.

5. Functional participation Decisions by “outsiders” and interest groups


are synthesized to meet objectives.

6. Interactive Joint analyses, decisions, and action plans are


made, implemented, and monitored by interest
groups.

7. Self-mobilization Initiatives are taken independently from official


institutions.

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