RT900UserGuide.

book Page 1 Monday, January 8, 2007 5:47 PM

Agilent
N2X
Packets and Protocols

Getting Started Guide

Agilent Technologies
RT900UserGuide.book Page 2 Monday, January 8, 2007 5:47 PM

Notices
© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2007 Warranty 1987). U.S. Government users will receive
No part of this manual may be reproduced in no greater than Limited Rights as defined in
The material contained in this docu- FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR
any form or by any means (including elec- ment is provided “as is,” and is sub- 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as
tronic storage and retrieval or translation ject to being changed, without notice, applicable in any technical data.
into a foreign language) without prior agree- in future editions. Further, to the max-
ment and written consent from Agilent imum extent permitted by applicable
Technologies, Inc. as governed by United Safety Notices
law, Agilent disclaims all warranties,
States and international copyright laws. either express or implied, with regard
to this manual and any information
Manual Part Number contained herein, including but not
CAU TI O N
E7900-90004 limited to the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a par- A CAUTION notice denotes a haz-
Edition ticular purpose. Agilent shall not be ard. It calls attention to an operat-
liable for errors or for incidental or ing procedure, practice, or the like
Ninth edition, March 2007 consequential damages in connec- that, if not correctly performed or
Printed in Malaysia tion with the furnishing, use, or per-
formance of this document or of any adhered to, could result in damage
Agilent Technologies, Inc. information contained herein. Should to the product or loss of important
5301 Stevens Creek Blvd Agilent and the user have a separate
Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA
data. Do not proceed beyond a
written agreement with warranty
terms covering the material in this
CAUTION notice until the indicated
Microsoft ® is a U.S. registered trademark conditions are fully understood and
of Microsoft Corporation. document that conflict with these
terms, the warranty terms in the sep- met.
Software Version arate agreement shall control.

This guide is valid for Version 6.8.x.x of the Technology Licenses

N2X Packets and Protocols application,
The hardware and/or software described in
WA RN ING
where x.x refers to minor revisions of the
software that do not affect the technical this document are furnished under a license
and may be used or copied only in accor- A WARNING notice denotes a
accuracy of this guide.
dance with the terms of such license. hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
Restricted Rights Legend the like that, if not correctly per-
If software is for use in the performance of a formed or adhered to, could result
U.S. Government prime contract or subcon- in personal injury or death. Do not
tract, Software is delivered and licensed as
“Commercial computer software” as
proceed beyond a WARNING
defined in DFAR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), notice until the indicated condi-
or as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR tions are fully understood and
2.101(a) or as “Restricted computer soft- met.
ware” as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (June
1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or
contract clause. Use, duplication or disclo-
sure of Software is subject to Agilent Tech-
nologies’ standard commercial license
terms, and non-DOD Departments and
Agencies of the U.S. Government will
receive no greater than Restricted Rights as
defined in FAR 52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June

2 N2X Packets and Protocols Getting Started Guide

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Certification DO NOT use in hazardous environments: system the disconnect may be impaired and
Do not operate the product in an explosive must be considered part of the installation.
For specific information on regulatory com- atmosphere or in the presence of flammable
pliance, refer to the Declaration of Confor- Cards may become hot during use. DO NOT
gases or fumes. This product is designed for
mity (Part Number E7900-91300). touch any of the components on a card as
indoor use only.
you remove it from the chassis.
Agilent Technologies certifies that this prod- DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-cir-
uct met its published specifications at the May contain laser devices. Refer to the
cuited fuse holders: For continued protec-
time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Specifications appendix for more informa-
tion against fire, replace line fuses only with
Technologies further certifies that its cali- tion.
fuses of the same voltage and current rating
bration measurements are traceable to the and type.
United States National Institute of Stan- CAUTIONS
dards and Technology to the extent allowed Keep away from live circuits: Operating
personnel must not remove equipment cov- To ensure adequate cooling and ventila-
by that organization’s calibration facility,
ers or shields. Procedures involving the tion, a gap of at least 2” (50mm) must be left
and to the calibration facilities of other
removal of covers and shields are for use by around all vent holes.
International Standards Organization mem-
bers. service-trained personnel only. Under cer- Do NOT operate with empty slots: Fill any
tain conditions, dangerous voltages may empty slots with blanking plates to ensure
exist even with the equipment switched off. correct operation of the chassis.
Additional Information for Test To avoid dangerous electrical shock, DO
and Measurement Equipment NOT perform procedures involving cover or All RFI gaskets must remain in place, any
shield removal unless you are qualified to damaged gaskets must be replaced.
To comply with EMC regulations, supplied or
do so.
recommended cables must be used on all Safety Symbols
appropriate connections. Otherwise, the DO NOT operate damaged equipment:
user has to ensure that, under operating Whenever it is possible that the safety pro-
conditions, the Radio Interference Limits tection features built into this product have
are still met at the border of the user's pre- been impaired, either through physical dam-
mises. age, excessive moisture, or any other rea- If you see this symbol on a product, you
son, REMOVE POWER and do not use the must refer to the manuals for specific Warn-
product until safe operation can be verified ing or Caution information to avoid personal
WARNINGS injury or damage to the product.
by service-trained personnel. If necessary,
The following general safety precautions return the product to an Agilent Technolo-
must be observed during all phases of oper- gies Sales and Service Office for service and
ation, service, and repair of this product. repair to ensure the safety features are
Indicates the field wiring terminal that must
Failure to comply with these precautions or maintained.
be connected to ground before operating
with specific warnings elsewhere in this
DO NOT substitute parts or modify equip- the equipment. Protects against electrical
manual violates safety standards of design,
ment: Because of the danger of introducing shock in case of fault.
manufacture, and intended use of the prod-
additional hazards, do not install substitute
uct. Agilent Technologies assumes no liabil- or
parts or perform any unauthorized modifica-
ity for the customer’s failure to comply with
tion to the product. Return the product to an
these requirements. Frame or chassis ground terminal. Typically
Agilent Technologies Sales and Service
connects to the equipment’s metal frame.
Ground the Equipment: For safety, Class 1 Office for service and repair to ensure fea-
equipment (equipment having a protective tures are maintained.
earth terminal), an uninterruptible safety Alternating current (ac).
DO NOT clean with fluids: Doing so may
ground must be provided from the mains
make the equipment unsafe for use. Power
power source to the product input wiring
down the equipment and disconnect the Direct current (dc).
terminals or supplied power cable. Before
power cord before cleaning. To clean, use a
operating the equipment, guard against
soft dry cloth.
electric shock in case of fault by always
using the provided 3-conductor power cord Primary disconnect device is the appliance
to connect the equipment to a grounded connector/power cord when chassis used Indicates hazardous voltages and potential
power outlet. by itself, but when installed into a rack or for electrical shock.

N2X Packets and Protocols Getting Started Guide 3

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CAUTION tenu responsable de tout dommage résult-

Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or ant du non-respect de ces règles par l'utili-
condition that could possibly cause damage sateur.
Indicates that antistatic precautions should
to equipment or permanent loss of data. Connecter l'équipement à la terre. La sécu-
be taken.
rité des équipements de Classe 1 (équipe-
ments disposant d'une borne protectrice de
mise à la terre), exige qu'une alimentation
Certification permanente à la terre relie l'unité principale
Indicates laser radiation when turned on.
Pour obtenir des informations relatives à la d'alimentation aux bornes d'entrée du cir-
conformité aux normes en vigueur, cuit du produit ou au câble d'alimentation
reportez-vous à la Déclaration de conformité fourni. Avant toute utilisation de l'équipe-
(Réf. E7900-91300). ment, protégez-vous contre les risques
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of d'électrocution en cas de défaut en utilisant
the Canadian Standards Association and Agilent Technologies certifie que ce produit le cordon d'alimentation à trois âmes fourni
indicates compliance to the standards laid est conforme aux critères techniques pub- pour connecter l'équipement à une prise de
out by them. Refer to the product Declara- liés au moment de sa sortie d'usine. Agilent terre.
tion of Conformity for details. Technologies certifie en outre que ses
mesures d'étalonnage proviennent de NE PAS UTILISER l'équipement dans un
l'institut de normalisation national des environnement dangereux. N'utilisez pas le
États-Unis (United States National Institute produit dans une atmosphère explosive ou
Notice for European Community: This prod- of Standards and Technology) dans les lim- en présence de gaz ou de vapeurs inflam-
uct complies with the relevant European ites permises par les installations d'étalon- mables. Ce produit a été conçu pour une
legal Directives: EMC Directive 89/336/EEC nage de cet institut et de celles d'autres utilisation en milieu fermé.
and Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC. membres de l'ISO (organisation internation- NE PAS UTILISER des fusibles ou des
ale de normalisation). porte-fusibles réparés suite à un court-cir-
cuit. Pour garantir une protection efficace
Informations supplémentaires contre les incendies, remplacez les fusibles
relatives aux appareils de test par des fusibles d'ampérage, de calibre et
Notice for the European Community: This de type identiques.
product complies with the WEEE Directive et de mesure
Éviter tout contact avec les circuits sous
(2002/96/EC) marking requirements. The
Pour respecter les normes de compatibilité tension. Le personnel utilisant l'équipement
affixed label indicates that you must not
électromagnétique, les câbles fournis ou ne doit à aucun moment ôter la protection
discard this electrical/electronic product in
recommandés doivent impérativement être ou l'écran de l'équipement. Les opérations
domestic household waste.
utilisés lors de toute connexion. Dans le cas exigeant le retrait des protections et écrans
Product Category: With reference to the
contraire, l'utilisateur doit veiller à ce que, de l'équipement sont réservées au seul per-
equipment types in the WEEE Directive
lors de l'utilisation du matériel, les parasites sonnel de service qualifié. Dans certaines
Annex I, this product is classed as a
radioélectriques n'excèdent jamais les lim- circonstances, des courants haute tension
“Monitoring and Control instrumentation”
ites autorisées autour de ses locaux. peuvent être présents même lorsque
product.
l'équipement est éteint. Afin d'éviter tout
Do not dispose in domestic household
waste. To return unwanted products, con- AVERTISSEMENTS risque d'électrocution, N'EFFECTUER
AUCUNE OPÉRATION exigeant le retrait des
tact Agilent or get more information from Les précautions générales de sécurité men- protections ou écrans pour laquelle vous
www.agilent.com/environment/product. tionnées ci-après doivent impérativement n'êtes pas qualifié.
ISM 1—A être respectées pendant toutes les phases
de fonctionnement, de service et de répara- NE PAS MANIPULER un équipement
This is the symbol for an Industrial, Scien- tion de ce produit. Le non-respect de ces endommagé. Si les dispositifs de protection
tific, and Medical Group 1 Class A product. précautions ou de tout autre avertissement intégrés à ce produit ont pu être endom-
magés, que ce soit à la suite d'un choc,
WARNING mentionné dans ce manuel constituerait
d'une humidité excessive ou pour toute
une violation de la conception technique, de
Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or la fabrication et de l'usage prévu de ce pro- autre raison, METTRE L'APPAREIL HORS
condition that could cause bodily injury or duit. Agilent Technologies ne pourra être TENSION et ne pas l'utiliser pas tant que le
death. fonctionnement dans des conditions nor-

4 N2X Packets and Protocols Getting Started Guide

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males de sécurité n'est pas garanti par un eurs vides afin d'assurer le bon fonctionne-
membre du personnel de service qualifié. Si ment du châssis.
nécessaire, renvoyez le produit à un reven-
Les joints d'étanchéité antiparasites ne
deur Agilent Technologies afin qu'il soit
doivent pas être déplacés et tout joint Contraintes liées à la sécurité de l'exploita-
contrôlé et réparé, le cas échéant, afin de
endommagé doit être remplacé. tion de tout équipement électrique dans le
garantir que les dispositifs de sécurité sont
cadre de mesures, de contrôles et de toute
opérationnels.
Symboles de sécurité utilisation en laboratoire
NE PAS CHANGER LES PIÈCES ET CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1 (1993)
N'APPORTER AUCUNE modification à UL 3101, 3111 (Premières éditions)
l'équipement. Pour votre sécurité, ne Cet équipement a également été déclaré
changez pas vous-même les pièces du pro- conforme par la Commission Électrotech-
Si vous voyez ce symbole sur un produit,
duit et n'apportez aucune modification non nique Internationale, norme internationale
vous devez impérativement vous reporter
autorisée à ce dernier. Renvoyez le produit à 61010, 1e édition, incluant les amende-
aux manuels pour obtenir les informations
un revendeur Agilent Technologies afin qu'il ments 1 et 2.
de mise en garde afin d'éviter de vous
soit contrôlé et réparé, le cas échéant, afin
blesser ou d'endommager le produit.
de garantir que les dispositifs de sécurité
sont opérationnels.
Avis pour la Communauté européenne : ce
NE PAS EMPLOYER DE LIQUIDE pour net- produit est conforme aux directives
toyer le produit. Vous risqueriez de compro- Indique quelle borne du câblage doit être européennes en vigueur : Directive CEM
mettre la sécurité de l'équipement. reliée à la terre avant d'utiliser l'appareil. 89/336/CEE et Directive DBT 73/23/CEE.

ISM 1—A
Éteignez-le et débranchez le cordon d'ali- Prévient le risque d'électrocution en cas de
mentation avant de le nettoyer. Utilisez un défaut.
chiffon doux et sec. Ce symbole classifie ce produit dans le
o
Le dispositif de déconnexion principal cor- groupe 1, catégorie A des équipements
respond au cordon d'alimentation ou au Borne de terre du cadre ou du châssis. industriels, scientifiques et médicaux.
connecteur de l'appareil lorsque le châssis Généralement reliée au cadre métallique de AVERTISSEMENT
est utilisé seul. Toutefois, lorsqu'il est l'équipement.
installé dans une baie ou un système, le dis- Attire l'attention sur une procédure, une
positif de déconnexion peut être défaillant pratique ou une condition particulière
et doit être considéré comme une partie de Courant alternatif (CA). présentant un danger de blessures ou de
l'installation. mort.

Les cartes peuvent chauffer lorsque Courant continu (CC). MISE EN GARDE
l'appareil fonctionne. NE TOUCHER À Attire l'attention sur une procédure, une
AUCUN composant sur une carte que vous pratique ou une condition particulière
retireriez du châssis. présentant un danger de dommages pour
Peut contenir des mécanismes laser. Indique la présence de courants haute ten- l'équipement ou une perte irrémédiable de
Reportez-vous à l'annexe Spécifications sion et un risque accru d'électrocution. données.
pour obtenir des informations supplémen-
taires.

Indique que des précautions antistatiques Zertifizierungs

MISE EN GARDE doivent être prises. Weitere Einzelheiten zu Sicherheitsvor-
Pour garantir un refroidissement et une schriften finden Sie in der Konformitätserk-
ventilation suffisants, vous devez laisser un lärung (Teilenummer E7900-91300).
espace libre d'au moins 5 cm autour de tous
Agilent Technologies bestätigt hiermit, dass
les trous d'aération. Indique la présence de rayonnement laser das Produkt beim Verlassen des Werks den
L'APPAREIL ne doit pas fonctionner avec lorsque l'appareil est en fonctionnement. veröffentlichten Spezifikationen entspricht.
des connecteurs vides. Installez des Agilent Technologies bestätigt weiterhin,
plaques d'obturation dans tous les connect- dass die Kalibrierungsmessungen gemäß

N2X Packets and Protocols Getting Started Guide 5

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den vom Kalibrationszentrum des United Produkt ist nicht für eine Verwendung im KEINE Reinigung mit Flüssigkeiten: Dies
States National Institute of Standards and Freien geeignet. kann den sicheren Betrieb des Geräts bee-
Technology sowie den Kalibrationszentren influssen. Schalten Sie vor dem Reinigen
KEINE Verwendung von reparierten
von anderen ISO-Mitgliedern festgelegten das Gerät aus, und ziehen Sie den Stecker
Sicherungen bzw. Fassungen von kurzge-
Richtlinien ausgeführt werden. aus der Steckdose. Verwenden sie zum
schlossenen Sicherungen: Ersetzen Sie für
Reinigen ein trockenes, weiches Tuch.
einen anhaltenden Brandschutz die Lei-
Zusätzliche Informationen zu tungssicherungen nur mit Sicherungen der Das Gerät wird am Gerätean-
Test- und Messgeräten gleichen Spannung, des gleichen Nen- schluss/Stromkabel abgeschaltet, wenn
nwerts sowie des gleichen Typs. das Chassis allein verwendet wird. Ist es
Um den EMC-Vorschriften zu entsprechen, jedoch in einem Rack oder einem System
dürfen nur im Lieferumfang enthaltene oder Halten Sie sich von spannungsführenden
installiert, kann der Abschaltmechanismus
empfohlene Kabel an allen entsprechenden Stromkreisen fern: Das Betriebspersonal
darf die Abdeckungen sowie Abschirmun- beeinträchtigt sein und muss als Teil der
Anschlüssen verwendet werden. Anderen- Installation gesehen werden.
falls muss der Benutzer sicherstellen, dass gen des Geräts nicht entfernen. Das
die Begrenzungen der Hochfrequenzstörun- Entfernen von Abdeckungen und Abschir- Karten können während des Betriebs heiß
gen unter Betriebsbedingungen außerhalb mungen darf nur von in Wartungsarbeiten werden. Fassen Sie KEINE Komponenten
des Grundstücks des Benutzers eingehalten geschultem Personal durchgeführt werden. auf der Karte an, wenn Sie diese aus dem
werden. Auch wenn das Gerät ausgeschaltet ist, Chassis entfernen.
kann es unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu
Kann Laser-Geräte enthalten. Weitere
gefährlichen Spannungen kommen. Unges-
WARNUNGEN chulte Personen dürfen zum Vermeiden von
Informationen hierzu finden Sie im Anhang
zu den Spezifikationen.
Die folgenden allgemeinen Sicherheits- gefährlichen elektrischen Schlägen KEINE
vorkehrungen müssen während des Arbeiten ausführen, die das Entfernen von
Betriebs, der Wartung und der Reparatur Abdeckungen bzw. Abschirmungen bein- ACHTUNG
dieses Produktes beachtet werden. Eine halten. Um eine ausreichende Kühlung und Belüf-
Missachtung dieser Vorsichtsmaßnahmen KEIN Betrieb von beschädigten Geräten: tung zu gewährleisten, muss ein Abstand
sowie entsprechender Warnungen an Wenn die Gefahr besteht, dass die im von mindestens 50 mm von jedem Belüf-
anderen Stellen dieses Handbuchs stellen Produkt eingebauten Sicherheitsvorkehrun- tungsloch gehalten werden.
eine Verletzung der Sicherheitsstandards gen in irgendeiner Weise beschädigt sind, KEIN Betrieb mit leeren Steckplätzen: Brin-
der Bauart, der Herstellung und des Ver- sei es durch Beschädigungen, übermäßige gen Sie an jedem leeren Steckplatz eine
wendungszwecks des Produkts dar. Agilent Feuchtigkeit oder aus einem sonstigen Abdeckung an, um einen einwandfreien
Technologies übernimmt keine Haftung, Grund, SCHALTEN SIE DEN STROM AUS, Betrieb des Chassis sicherzustellen.
wenn Kunden diese Anforderungen nicht und verwenden Sie das Produkt nicht, bis
erfüllen. der sichere Betrieb von geschultem Fach- Die Hochfrequenzstörungs-Dichtungen
personal bestätigt wurde. Senden Sie, falls dürfen nicht entfernt werden, beschädigte
Erdung des Geräts: Aus Sicherheitsgründen
erforderlich, das Produkt an das Verkaufs- Dichtungen müssen ersetzt werden.
muss ein Gerät der Klasse 1 (Geräte mit
Erdungsklemme) über eine ununterbro- und Kundendienstbüro von Agilent Technol-
chene Sicherheitserdung von der Stromver- ogies zurück, damit die Sicherheitsfunk- Sicherheitssymbole
sorgungsquelle bis zum tionen gewährleistet sind.
Einführungsdrahtanschluss bzw. dem mit- KEINE Ersatzteile von anderen Herstellern
gelieferten Stromkabel verfügen. Schützen oder Änderungen am Gerät: Installieren Sie
Sie sich vor Betrieb des Geräts im Falle keine Teile von anderen Herstellern, und Wenn Sie dieses Symbol auf einem Produkt
eines Defekts vor elektrischen Schlägen, nehmen Sie keine unbefugten Änderungen sehen, lesen Sie die entsprechenden Warn-
indem Sie immer das mitgelieferte Dreifach- am Gerät vor. Dadurch können zusätzliche hinweise in den Handbüchern, um Person-
stromkabel zum Anschluss des Geräts an Gefahrenstellen verursacht werden. Senden enschäden oder Beschädigungen des
eine geerderte Steckdose verwenden. Sie das Produkt für Wartungs- und Rep- Produkts zu vermeiden.
KEIN Betrieb in explosionsgefährdeten araturarbeiten an das Verkaufs- und Kun-
Umgebungen: Nehmen Sie das Gerät nicht dendienstbüro von Agilent Technologies
in einer explosionsgefährdeten Umgebung zurück, damit die Sicherheitsfunktionen
bzw. in der Umgebung leicht entzündlicher gewährleistet sind.
Kennzeichnet den isolierten Kabelan-
Gase oder Dämpfe in Betrieb. Dieses schluss, der vor Betrieb des Geräts geerdet

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werden muss. Schützt im Falle von Defekten WARNUNG ADVERTENCIAS

gegen elektrische Schläge.
Lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit auf ein Ver- Durante las fases de funcionamiento, man-
oder fahren, einen Vorgang oder eine Bedingung, tenimiento y reparación de este producto,
die Personenschäden oder Tod verursachen se deben tomar todas las medidas gen-
können. erales de seguridad que se detallan a con-
Erdungsklemme des Rahmens oder des
Chassis. Wird normalerweise am Metallrah- ACHTUNG tinuación. Si no se toman estas medidas o
men des Geräts angeschlossen. no se observan los avisos específicos que
Lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit auf ein Ver-
aparecen en este manual, se infringirá la
fahren, einen Vorgang oder eine Bedingung,
normativa de seguridad relativa al diseño,
die mögliche Schäden am Gerät oder einen
Wechselstrom. fabricación y uso previsto de este producto.
nicht wieder rückgängig zu machenden
Agilent Technologies no se hace respons-
Datenverlust verursachen können.
able si el cliente no cumple estos requisitos.
Gleichstrom.
Conecte el equipo a una toma de tierra: por
motivos de seguridad, los equipos de clase
Certificación 1 (equipos con terminal protectora de con-
Para obtener más información sobre el cum- exión a tierra) deben contar con una conex-
Kennzeichnet gefährliche Spannungen und ión a tierra continua desde la fuente de
plimiento de normativas, consulte la
mögliche Gefahren eines elektrischen alimentación eléctrica a los terminales de
declaración de conformidad (publicación
Schlags. cableado de entrada o cables de aliment-
E7900-91300).
ación eléctrica incluidos con el equipo. Al
Agilent Technologies certifica que en el utilizar el equipo, protéjase de posibles des-
momento de su despacho, este producto cargas eléctricas originadas por fallos de
Zeigt an, dass antistatische Vorsichts- cumple las especificaciones publicadas. funcionamiento utilizando el cable de ali-
maßnahmen getroffen werden sollen. Asimismo, Agilent Technologies también mentación de 3 conductores (incluido con el
certifica que, en la medida de lo permitido equipo) para conectar el equipo a una toma
por el servicio de calibración del instituto de tierra.
nacional de estándares y tecnología de
Kennzeichnet eine Laserstrahlung, wenn Estados Unidos (United States National NO utilice el equipo en ambientes peligro-
das Gerät eingeschaltet ist. Institute of Standards and Technology), las sos: no utilice este equipo en ambientes
medidas de calibración utilizadas se basan donde se puedan producir explosiones o
en lo dispuesto por este organismo y por los donde se detecte la presencia de vapores o
centros de calibración de otros miembros de gases inflamables. Este equipo no se ha dis-
ISO. eñado para utilizarse al aire libre.
Sicherheitsanforderungen an elektrische
Mess-, Kontroll- und Laborgeräte NO utilice fusibles reparados o portafusi-
CAN/CSA C22.2 Nr. 1010.1 (1993) Información adicional para bles en cortocircuito: para proteger el
UL 3101, 3111 (Erste Auflagen) equipo frente a incendios, reemplace los
equipos de medición y prueba fusibles con otros de igual voltaje y de la
Dieses Gerät wurde auch nach IEC 61010
Ausgabe 1, einschließlich Änderungen 1 Con el fin de cumplir las normas relativas a misma frecuencia y tipo.
und 2, bewertet. compatibilidad electromagnética (EMC), las Manténgase alejado de circuitos con cor-
conexiones eléctricas se deben realizar con riente eléctrica: el personal encargado de
los cables incluidos con el equipo o bien operar este equipo no debe retirar las cubi-
con cables que cumplan los reglamentos ertas ni pantallas protectoras. Los proced-
Hinweise für Benutzer aus der Europäis-
vigentes. En caso contrario, el usuario imientos que requieran la retirada de las
chen Union: Dieses Produkt entspricht den
deberá garantizar que, en condiciones nor- cubiertas o pantallas protectoras sólo los
europäischen Richtlinien: Richtlinie zur ele-
males de funcionamiento, se siguen cum- puede llevar a cabo personal de manten-
ktromagnetischen Störfreiheit 89/336/EEC
pliendo los límites establecidos para el nivel imiento calificado. En determinadas circun-
und Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EEC.
ISM 1—A
de interferencias por radio permitido en la stancias pueden producirse voltajes
zona alrededor de las instalaciones del peligrosos aunque el equipo esté
Dies ist ein Symbol für ein Produkt der usuario. desconectado. Para evitar descargas eléc-
Klasse A für die industrielle, wissenschaftli- tricas NO retire las cubiertas ni pantallas
che und medizinische Gruppe 1.

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protectoras del equipo a menos que cuente unos 5 cm alrededor de los orificios de ven-
con la debida certificación. tilación.
NO utilice equipos dañados: en caso de NO utilice el equipo con ranuras vacías: Indica la presencia de radiación láser
que los sistemas de seguridad incorporados coloque placas de relleno en las ranuras cuando el equipo está encendido.
en el equipo se vean dañados, ya sea por un vacías para garantizar el correcto funciona-
deterioro del equipo en sí, por un exceso de miento del chasis.
humedad o por cualquier otro motivo, Las juntas RFI deben permanecer en su
DESCONECTE el equipo y no vuelva a uti- sitio; en caso de que resulten dañadas,
lizarlo hasta que el personal calificado haya Requisitos de seguridad para equipos eléc-
cámbielas. tricos de medición, control y uso en labora-
confirmado que su utilización no entraña
riesgos. En caso necesario, envíe el equipo torios
al departamento de ventas y mantenimiento Símbolos de seguridad CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1 (1993)
de Agilent Technologies para que sea rep- UL 3101, 3111 (primera edición)
arado y mantener así las características de Este equipo también ha sido evaluado
los dispositivos. según la comisión electrotécnica interna-
Si este símbolo aparece en un equipo, con- cional, IEC 61010, edición 1, que incluye las
NO reemplace piezas ni modifique el rectificaciones 1 y 2.
sulte los manuales correspondientes para
equipo: debido a la posibilidad de aumentar
obtener información específica sobre adver-
los riesgos, no instale piezas de recambio ni
tencias o medidas de seguridad y así evitar
realice modificaciones no autorizadas en el
lesiones personales o daños en el equipo. Aviso para la Unión Europea: este producto
equipo. Envíe el equipo al departamento de
ventas y mantenimiento de Agilent Technol- cumple las directivas legales europeas per-
ogies para que sea reparado y garantizar así tinentes: directiva sobre compatibilidad
que se mantengan las características del electromagnética (EMC) 89/336/CEE y
Indica que el terminal de cableado aislado directiva sobre bajo voltaje 73/23/CEE.
equipo.
ISM 1—A
se debe conectar a una toma de tierra antes
NO limpie el equipo con líquidos: la utiliza- de poner en funcionamiento el equipo. De
ción de líquidos podría dañar el equipo y este modo, se garantiza la protección frente Éste es el símbolo para productos industri-
hacer peligroso su uso. Antes de limpiar el a descargas eléctricas en caso de fallo. ales, científicos y médicos de grupo 1, clase
equipo, apáguelo y desconéctelo. Para lim- A.
o
piarlo, utilice un paño suave y seco.
ADVERTENCIA
El dispositivo de desconexión principal es Terminal de conexión a tierra del chasis o
Indica algún tipo de procedimiento, práctica
el conector o cable de alimentación del armadura. Por lo general se conecta con la
o condición que podría causar lesiones físi-
equipo; sin embargo, si el equipo se instala armadura de metal del equipo.
cas o muerte.
en un bastidor o un sistema similar, la fun-
ción de desconexión puede verse afectada PRECAUCIÓN
Corriente alterna (CA).
y, por tanto, se deberá entender como parte Indica algún tipo de procedimiento, práctica
de la instalación. o condición que podría causar daños en el
Corriente continua (CC). equipo o pérdida permanente de datos.
Durante la utilización del equipo, las tarje-
tas se calientan. NO toque ninguno de los
componentes de las tarjetas cuando las
retire del chasis.
Indica la presencia de voltajes peligrosos y
En muchas de ellas se incluyen dispositi- la posibilidad de que se produzcan descar-
vos láser. Para obtener más información, gas eléctricas.
consulte el apéndice sobre especifica-
ciones.

PRECAUCIÓN Indica que se deben tomar medidas de pro-

tección frente a la electricidad estática.
Para garantizar un correcto enfriamiento y
ventilación del sistema, deje un espacio de

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tazione fornito. Prima di azionare l'apparec- dite e assistenza di Agilent Technologies per
chiatura, cautelarsi contro eventuali scosse usufruire del servizio di assistenza e
Certificazione elettriche in caso di guasto, utilizzando riparazione e garantire il mantenimento
Per informazioni specifiche sulla conformità sempre il cavo di alimentazione a tre con- delle caratteristiche di sicurezza.
alle disposizioni di legge, fare riferimento duttori fornito in dotazione per collegare
NON utilizzare liquidi per la pulizia: in caso
alla Dichiarazione di Conformità (Numero l'apparecchiatura ad una presa di corrente
contrario, l'utilizzo dell'apparecchiatura
parte E7900-91300). con messa a terra.
potrebbe diventare pericoloso. Spegnere
Agilent Technologies certifica che il pro- NON utilizzare in ambienti pericolosi: non l'apparecchio e scollegare il cavo di alimen-
dotto è conforme alle specifiche pubblicate utilizzare il prodotto in ambienti esplosivi o tazione prima di pulire il prodotto. Utilizzare
al momento dell'uscita dalla fabbrica. Agi- in presenza di gas infiammabili o di fumo. un panno morbido e asciutto.
lent Technologies certifica inoltre che le Questo prodotto è esclusivamente per uso
Il dispositivo di disconnessione principale
misure di calibrazione sono da attribuire interno.
è il connettore/cavo di alimentazione
all'Istituto Nazionale Statunitense per gli NON utilizzare fusibili riparati o supporti di dell'apparecchio quando il telaio viene uti-
Standard e la Tecnologia nella misura con- fusibili cortocircuitati: per assicurare una lizzato da solo; tuttavia, se installato in un
sentita dal servizio di calibrazione di tale protezione continua contro eventuali rack o in un sistema, il dispositivo di discon-
organizzazione, e al servizio di calibrazione incendi, sostituire i fusibili di linea solo con nessione potrebbe venire danneggiato e
di altri membri dell'Organizzazione Interna- fusibili della stessa tensione, potenza e tipo deve essere considerato parte dell'instal-
zionale per gli Standard. di corrente. lazione.
Tenere lontano dai circuiti sotto tensione: Le schede potrebbero surriscaldarsi
Informazioni aggiuntive le coperture o gli schermi dell'apparecchia- durante l'utilizzo. Quando una scheda viene
relative ad apparecchiature di tura non devono essere rimossi dal person- rimossa dal telaio, NON toccarne i compo-
misurazione e collaudo ale di servizio. Le procedure che implicano nenti.
la rimozione di coperture e schermi devono
Può contenere dispositivi laser. Consultare
Per garantire il rispetto delle norme EMC, essere eseguite esclusivamente da person-
l'appendice delle specifiche per ulteriori
utilizzare i cavi forniti o consigliati per tutte ale di assistenza qualificato. In determinate
informazioni.
le connessioni appropriate. In alternativa, condizioni, valori di tensione pericolosi pos-
l'utente deve assicurare il rispetto dei limiti sono essere raggiunti anche ad apparecchi-
per l'inferenza radiofonica in condizioni atura spenta. Per evitare scosse elettriche, MISURE PRECAUZIONALI
operative, entro i confini della propria sede. NON eseguire procedure che comportano la Per assicurare raffreddamento e ventilazi-
rimozione di coperture o schermi se non si one adeguati, lasciare un'apertura di
AVVERTENZE dispone dell'autorizzazione necessaria. almeno 50 mm (2 pollici) intorno ad ogni
NON azionare apparecchiature danneg- foro della ventola.
Le seguenti norme di sicurezza generali
devono essere osservate durante tutte le giate: qualora si ritenga possibile che le car- NON azionare con slot vuoti: riempire tutti
fasi di funzionamento, utilizzo e riparazione atteristiche di sicurezza del prodotto si gli slot vuoti con piastre di spegnimento per
del presente prodotto. La mancata osser- siano deteriorate a causa di danni fisici, assicurare un funzionamento corretto del
vanza di tali precauzioni, o di specifiche eccessiva umidità o per qualsiasi altra telaio.
avvertenze contenute nel presente manu- ragione, SCOLLEGARE L'ALIMENTAZIONE
e non utilizzare il prodotto finché il person- Tutte le guarnizioni RFI devono rimanere al
ale, viola gli standard di sicurezza relativi loro posto. Sostituire eventuali guarnizioni
alla progettazione, alla realizzazione e ale di assistenza qualificato non avrà accer-
tato condizioni sicure di utilizzo. Se danneggiate.
all'utilizzo designato del prodotto. Agilent
Technologies declina qualsiasi responsabil- necessario, restituire il prodotto all'ufficio
ità per la mancata osservanza di tali requi- vendite e assistenza di Agilent Technologies Simboli di sicurezza
siti da parte del cliente. per usufruire del servizio di assistenza e
riparazione e garantire il mantenimento
Messa a terra dell'apparecchiatura: per delle caratteristiche di sicurezza.
sicurezza, le apparecchiature di Classe 1 Se un prodotto è contrassegnato da questo
(dotate di un terminale di terra) devono NON sostituire parti né modificare l'appar-
ecchiatura: per prevenire ulteriori rischi, simbolo, fare riferimento ai manuali per
essere fornite di messa a terra di sicurezza informazioni specifiche su avvertenze e mis-
senza soluzione di continuità dalla princi- non installare parti sostitutive né apportare
pale fonte di corrente ai terminali cablati modifiche al prodotto senza previa autoriz-
d'ingresso del prodotto o al cavo di alimen- zazione. Restituire il prodotto all'ufficio ven-

N2X Packets and Protocols Getting Started Guide 9

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ure precauzionali, al fine di evitare infortuni "EMC Directive 89/336/EEC" e "Low Volt-
alle persone o danni al prodotto. age Directive 73/23/EEC".
认证
ISM 1—A 有关规章符合性的具体信息，请参阅
Declaration of Conformity （符合性声明，
Questo è il simbolo che contrassegna un
Indica il terminale con cablaggio da campo prodotto di Classe A, appartenente al
部件号 E7900-91300）。
che deve essere collegato a terra prima di Gruppo 1 Industriale, Scientifico e Medico. Agilent Technologies 声明，本产品从工厂
azionare l'apparecchiatura. Protegge da
AVVERTENZA 装运时符合它所公布的所有规范。
scosse elettriche in caso di guasto.
Agilent Technologies 进一步声明，它的校
o Richiama l'attenzione su una procedura, 准测量数据可以根据 United States
prassi o condizione che potrebbe provocare National Institute of Standards and Technology
Terminale di terra del frame o del telaio. infortuni alle persone o morte.
（美国国家标准和技术协会）校准设
Generalmente viene collegato al frame MISURA PRECAUZIONALE 备的允许范围以及其它国际标准化组
metallico dell'apparecchiatura. 织成员的校准设备进行检查。
Richiama l'attenzione su una procedura,
prassi o condizione che potrebbe danneg-
Corrente alternata (ca). giare l'apparecchiatura o provocare una per- 测试和测量设备的其它信息
dita permanente di dati. 为了符合 EMC 规定，必须在所有适当
Corrente continua (cc). 的连接处使用提供或推荐的电缆。否
则，用户必须保证在用户场地边界地
带操作时仍符合无线电干扰限制。

Indica valori di tensione pericolosi e rischio 警告

di scossa elettrica. 在操作、维护和维修本产品的各个阶
段，必须遵守下列常规安全预防措
施。不遵守这些预防措施或本手册其
它地方的具体警告，就会违反本产品
Indica che devono essere prese misure pre- 设计、制造和预期使用的安全标准。
cauzionali antistatiche. Agilent Technologies 不对客户不符合这些
要求的情况承担任何责任。
设备接地：对于一类安全性设备
（带有保护接地端子的设备），必须
Indica radiazione laser all'accensione.
从主电网电源向产品输入接线端子或
提供的电源线提供不间断安全接地。
操作本设备前，始终使用带 3 根导线
的电源线将本设备连接到一个接地电
Requisiti di sicurezza per apparecchiature 源插座，以防出现故障，发生电击。
elettriche per misurazioni, controlli e uso in
laboratorio 请勿在危险环境下使用：不要在易爆
CAN/CSA C22.2 N. 1010.1 (1993) 炸环境或存在易燃气体的场所使用本
UL 3101, 3111 (Prime edizioni) 产品。本产品按其设计仅可在室内
Questa apparecchiatura è stata valutata in 使用。
base a IEC 61010, edizione 1, inclusi gli 请勿使用修理过的保险丝或短路保险
emendamenti 1 e 2.
丝盒：要确保持续性防火，只能将保
险丝更换为具有相同电压、相同电流
额定值和相同类型的保险丝。
Avviso per la Comunità Europea: questo pro- 不要接近带电电路：操作人员不准拆
dotto è conforme alle direttive europee: 除设备的保护罩或盖。有关保护罩或
保护盖的拆卸步骤仅供接受过维护培

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训的人员使用。在某些情况下，即使 安全标志
关闭设备电源，设备仍存在危险电
压。为了防止电击危险，如果您不是 欧洲共同体声明：本产品符合相关的
合格人员，请勿执行有关保护罩或保 欧洲法律指令：EMC Directive 89/336/EEC
护盖的拆卸步骤。 和 Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC。
如果在产品上看到本标志，则必须参
请勿操作损坏的设备：只要本产品内
置的安全保护功能部件因物理损坏、
阅手册，了解具体的警告或注意事
项，避免人身伤害或产品损坏。
ISM 1—A
过于潮湿或任何其它原因可能受损，
请断开电源，只有经受过维护培训的 它是 Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Group 1
人员检查保证可以进行安全操作时方 （工业、科学和医学组 1） A 类产品的
可使用。如果需要，请将本产品退回 标志。
表示使用本设备之前必须将现场接
Agilent Technologies 销售和维护部门进行 警告
线端子接地。防止出现故障时发生
维护和修理，保证产品的安全功能部 引起对可能导致人身伤害或致死的步
电击。
件正常运作。 骤、做法或条件的注意。
请勿使用替代部件或对设备进行修 或 小心
改：由于会引发更多危险，请不要在
机架或底架接地端子。一般连接到本 引起对可能导致设备损坏或数据永久
本产品中使用替代部件或对其执行未
设备的金属机架。 丢失的步骤、做法或条件的注意。
经授权的任何修改。请将本产品退回
Agilent Technologies 销售和维护部门进行
维护和修理，以保证产品功能正常。
请勿使用液体进行清洁：这样做会使 交流电 (ac)。
设备无法安全使用。清洁前须关机并
切断电源。请使用柔软的干布进行
清洁。
直流电 (dc)。
单独使用底架时，主断开设备是设备
连接器 / 电源线。但装入机架或系统
时，断开设备可能受损，必须看作安
装的一部分。
表示存在危险电压，可能发生电击。
卡在使用期间会变热。从底架上拆卸
卡时，请勿触摸卡上的任何组件。
可能包含激光设备。有关详细信息，
表示应该采取静电预防措施。
请参阅 Specifications （规范）附录。
小心
为了确保适当的冷却和通风，必须在
所有通风孔周围至少留 2”（50 毫 表示打开时会产生激光辐射。
米）的空隙。
在仍有空插槽的情况下请勿操作：请
用盲板 填满空插槽，确保正确使用
底架。 测量、控制和实验室用电气设备的安
所有 RFI 垫片必须安装就位。任何垫 全要求 CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1 (1993)
片如果损坏，必须更换。 UL 3101, 3111 （第一版）
同时，本设备根据 IEC 61010 第 1 版
（包括修订版 1 和 2）进行了评估。

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Contents
1 Introduction
About N2X Packets and Protocols 16
N2X Packets and Protocols tests 17
Test traffic performance 17
Measure QoS 18
Test network stress thresholds 19
Test triple play services 19
Test forwarding performance and high availability 20
Emulate protocols 20
Simulate and manage network topologies 21
Running Tests using N2X Packets and Protocols 22
Configure the tester 23
Test protocols 25
Manage topologies 27
Define traffic 30
Define the measurements and send traffic 32
View statistics 34
Analyze captured data 37
N2X Packets and Protocols Interfaces 40
Graphical User Interface (GUI) 40
Application Programming Interface (API) 40
Productivity Applications 41
Software applications 42
Hardware test cards 43

2 Starting N2X Packets and Protocols

To start N2X Packets and Protocols 46
To exit and log out of N2X Packets and Protocols 47

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To get online help 48

3 Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols

N2X Packets and Protocols application 50
Menu bar 51
Toolbar 52
Setup bar 54
Results bar 56
Tools bar 57
Setup — Traffic area 58
Setup — Capture area 60
Setup — Topology area 62
Setup — Emulation area 64
Setup — Video area 65
Results — Realtime area 66
Results — Capture Analysis area 69
Applications area 72

A To contact us
To contact us 76

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Agilent N2X Packets and Protocols

Getting Started Guide

1
Introduction
About N2X Packets and Protocols 16
N2X Packets and Protocols tests 17
Running Tests using N2X Packets and Protocols 22
N2X Packets and Protocols Interfaces 40
Software applications 42
Hardware test cards 43

This chapter provides a high- level description of N2X

Packets and Protocols. It describes how you can use N2X
Packets and Protocols to run tests and what hardware and
software components are available for your use.

Agilent Technologies 15
RT900UserGuide.book Page 16 Monday, January 8, 2007 5:47 PM

1 Introduction

About N2X Packets and Protocols

N2X Packets and Protocols is a powerful and versatile test
platform that addresses the evolving test needs of
metro/edge platforms, core routers, and optical switches.
N2X Packets and Protocols provides Service Providers and
Network Equipment Manufacturers with the industry's
leading tools for wire- speed, multiport traffic generation and
performance analysis, accelerating the deployment of current
and emerging technologies. The N2X Packets and Protocols
platform is a dense and powerful test system with cards
providing great traffic stream and routing scalability.
N2X Packets and Protocols can:
• flexibly transmit and make real- time measurements on
any packet format—from Ethernet frames through to GRE
encapsulated packets, plus any user defined packet
format.
• simulate a live network, stress a router's switching fabric,
and verify that a router correctly prioritizes individual
applications and services.
This unique integration enables N2X Packets and Protocols
to scale from dual- port functional and performance testing
to multi- port performance and stress testing configurations.
N2X consists of a combination of software applications and
hardware interfaces. Regardless of the hardware you use,
testing is controlled by the same easy- to- use management
software running on a Windows PC.
For complete details about the different system components
and possible configurations, refer to the N2X Packets and
Protocols Installation and Administration Guide
(E7901- 90004), which is included on the software CD and
also installed with the software in this default location:
C:\Program Files\Agilent\N2X\RouterTester900
\<release>\doc\install.pdf

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Introduction 1

N2X Packets and Protocols tests

N2X Packets and Protocols provides wire- speed, multi- port
traffic generation, and performance analysis of today's
networking devices, as well as comprehensive emulation of
routing protocols. N2X Packets and Protocols allows you to:
• Test traffic performance
• Measure QoS
• Test network stress thresholds
• Test triple play services
• Test forwarding performance and high availability
• Emulate protocols
• Simulate and manage network topologies

Test traffic performance

N2X Packets and Protocols addresses the carrier class test
challenges by providing:
• Internet- scale traffic generation—simulate traffic that tests
routers under realistic conditions, from an aggregate of
networks, and with traffic streams configured to reflect
various mixtures of traffic
• performance measurements—real- time comparative
performance measurements for different traffic types
• capture control—view packet decodes
With N2X Packets and Protocols you can:
• rapidly generate up to 32,768 traffic streams per port
• generate traffic with constant or bursty traffic profiles
• edit the field values of each packet header to perform a
wide range of tests—for example, you can generate a mix
of packet sizes and packet types, simulating an Internet
distribution of packets

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1 Introduction

• generate unique PDUs—for example, invalid packets for

negative testing. Also, by modifying the Source Address or
Destination Address fields in the packet header, you can
generate unicast or multicast traffic. You can send an
exact number of packets (for example, a single packet), or
send a continuous stream of traffic.
You can generate traffic with the following characteristics:
• exact traffic paths—you can configure exact traffic paths
through the SUT to create the conditions under which
blocking within the switching fabric and contention for
output ports can be observed
• many IP packets as if they came from and are destined to
many networks

Measure QoS
With ISPs and vendors offering QoS guarantees, it is
extremely important to ascertain a router’s ability to handle
QoS before and during deployment.
Using N2X Packets and Protocols, you can determine if a
router is able to deliver preferential quality of service (QoS)
to particular flows or streams of traffic. The basic premise
of quality of service is that in the presence of congestion,
packets from a lower priority stream will be discarded before
packets from a higher priority stream. The relative priority
of a traffic stream is expressed within a packet’s Type of
Service (TOS) field, or Differentiated Service Codepoint
(DSCP) field. Other QoS mechanisms can prioritize packets
based on other fields, such as the source/destination
address, TCP port numbers, or HTTP URL.
N2X Packets and Protocols allows you to mimic complex
traffic profiles that have different service classes and service
types, by generating multiple streams of IP packets, each
with different packet lengths, profiles, and priorities. You
can then test if high priority flows have better throughput,
latency, and loss behavior than ‘best effort’ flows.

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Test network stress thresholds

Using N2X Packets and Protocols, you can test how well the
SUT handles different stress conditions, such as:
• many short packets, a mix of long and short packets sent
simultaneously, long packet bursts against constant
background traffic
• packets oversubscribed to a SUT queue, back- to- back
packets or bursts
• packets of incrementing lengths or with random payload
contents
• packets sent to specific unicast or multicast IP addresses
• errored data

Test triple play services

You can test how well a device or network forwards IPTV
traffic in the presence of Internet and voice traffic. You can:
• simulate IPTV service providers offering broadcast TV,
Pay- Per- View, and Video- on- Demand channels
• simulate 512 channels per test port
• generate actual MPEG video using Agilent- provided clips
• customize the video transmission to test:
• MPEG- 2 or MPEG- 4 Part 10 (H.264) encoding
• Standard Definition or High Definition format
• a UDP or RTP/UDP protocol stack
• set the transmit rate for each channel to simulate
different channel content (for example, sports or news)
• simulate thousands of IPTV subscribers using triple play
(TV, phone, Internet) services
• objectively measure subscriber QoE using the Media
Delivery Index (MDI)
• subjectively characterize video quality by capturing and
playing back received video through a media player
• view N2X- generated video traffic on qualified Set- Top
Boxes

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Test forwarding performance and high availability

You can test the router’s performance capabilities. You can
test the router’s ability to handle millions of packets per
second, from many interfaces, over many routes. You can
measure performance characteristics such as: packet
throughput, latency, and loss. You can also verify high
availability and non- stop forwarding through graceful
restart, fast reroute, and make- before- break tests.

Emulate protocols
You can simulate the functions of many protocols to verify
that routers function as they should. You can simulate
real- world Internet topologies in the lab by subjecting
routers to dynamic protocol interactions.
Routing protocols:
• BGP- 4, BGP- 4+
• OSPFv2, OSPFv3
• IS- ISv4, IS- ISv6
• RIP, RIPng
• LMP
• LACP
Signaling protocols:
• RSVP
• LDP
Multicast protocols:
• PIMv4
• IGMPv2, IGMPv3
• MLDv1, MLDv2
• MSDP (IPv4)
Access protocols:
• PPPoE, PPPoA, PPPoEoA, L2TP (PPPoL2TP)
• DHCPv4, DHCPv6
You can design your own protocol tests or use predefined
conformance test suites. For details about these test suites,
see “Productivity Applications" on page 41.

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Simulate and manage network topologies

Using a combination of the individual protocol capabilities
and the topology functionality, you can define a simulated
network that matches your test requirements.
The topology testing functionality includes:
• Layer 2 MPLS VPN topology testing functionality:
• VPLS—Simulate a VPLS network topology that tests for
VPLS scalability and flexibility. VPLS is an emerging
technology for transparently connecting corporate LANs
over the Internet so they appear and behave to
customers like a single bridged Ethernet LAN. However,
VPLS adds a new level of complexity to a PE routers'
control plane and packet processing demands. Besides
functioning as an MPLS Label Edge Router (LER) that
provisions LSP tunnels and pushes/pops labels, the PE
must serve as an Ethernet bridge, with all the learning,
filtering, forwarding, and flooding requirements this
entails. It must also implement the necessary LDP
signaling extensions required by VPLS.
• L2oMPLS—Simulate a large core MPLS network with
many thousands of point- to- point Layer 2 connections
(virtual circuits) tunneled across it. This enables you to
test router performance including Martini
encapsulations for Ethernet, Frame Relay, and ATM.
• Layer 3 BGP- 4 MPLS VPNs—a mechanism by which
service providers can use their IP backbones to provide
VPN services to customers. RFC- 2547bis VPNs are also
known as BGP- MPLS VPNs because the Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP) is used to distribute VPN routing
information across the provider’s backbone, and MPLS is
used to establish virtual circuits and to forward VPN
traffic across the backbone to remote VPN sites.

Using N2X Packets and Protocols you can simulate Layer

3 BGP- 4 MPLS VPNs.

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Running Tests using N2X Packets and Protocols

To run any type of test using N2X Packets and Protocols,
you can perform the following tasks:

Configure the tester

Test protocols

Manage topologies

Define traffic

Define the
measurements and
send traffic

View statistics Analyze captured data

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Configure the tester

Before you can run any tests, you must configure the tester.
To configure the tester, you must perform the following
tasks:
1. Select the ports.
Configure the tester 2. Configure the physical layer.
3. Configure the link layer.

Test protocols

Manage topologies

Define traffic

Define the
measurements and
send traffic

View statistics Analyze captured data

For step- by- step instructions for how to configure the tester,
see the online help.

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Select the ports

You must select the test port(s) you want to use in this test
session. If you are creating a new test session, you will be
prompted for this selection when you first start N2X Packets
and Protocols.

Configure the physical layer

Ensure the SONET/SDH, Ethernet/PCS, and VSR settings in
the tester match those of the SUT. If you are using the
tri- rate 10/100/1000 Ethernet test ports, the RJ45 connector
is used by default. Select the GBIC or SFP connector as
needed.
Optical test ports have their lasers turned on by default. If
you have temporarily turned them off, turn them on again.

Configure the link layer

Configuring the link layer for:
• Ethernet—involves setting IP addresses, resolving SUT
MAC addresses, and specifying the framing and 10/100,
GbE, or 10GbE parameters for each port. You can
configure the link layer for:
• IPv4 addresses
• IPv6 addresses
Note: If you are testing only at Layer 2, you do not need
to configure the IP addresses.
• POS—involves configuring the PPP links, setting IP
addresses, and selecting the encapsulation method.
• ATM—involves configuring the ATM framing and PDU
encapsulation. You also need to define the PVCs (that is,
the VPI/VCIs) that require real- time reassembly of ATM
cells into AAL- 5 frames (for protocol emulations,
statistics, and capture), and set the IP addresses used by
higher- layer peers in protocol emulations.
• Frame Relay—involves configuring the framing,
encapsulation, and PVCs (that is, DLCIs), and LMI
operation.

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Test protocols
You can simulate Internet topologies in the lab, subjecting
routers to real- world end- station traffic and dynamic routing
updates. You can test a wide variety of protocols. The way
in which you test each specific protocol differs. For each of
these protocols you can perform the following tasks. Note:
These tasks are not required if you are testing layer 2 only.

Configure the tester

1. Emulate protocols.
Test protocols
2. Stress test protocols.

Manage topologies

Define traffic

Define the
measurements and
send traffic

View statistics Analyze captured data

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For step- by- step instructions for how to test protocols, see
the online help.

Emulate protocols
N2X Packets and Protocols allows you to simulate the
functions of a variety of protocols in order to test whether
or not routers are implementing them as they should. The
way in which you emulate each protocol differs. The
high- level steps to emulate a protocol are:
• define the emulation—define the sessions, routes, or hosts
as appropriate for the protocol.
• establish a connection/session—initiate routing emulation
across all test ports.
• send protocol messages—send specific messages to test
the protocol. The type of message depends on the
protocol. For example, to test:
• OSPF, you send messages to advertise and withdraw a
topology
• LMP, you send messages to renegotiate the Hello
configuration
• MSDP, you send messages to advertise or cancel (S,G)
memberships
• simulate protocol events—initiate events such as node or
link failures to test fault recovery. For example, to test:
• graceful restart, you can close a routing session’s
underlying TCP connection (to simulate a restarter) or
provide non- stop forwarding (to simulate a helper)
• fast reroute, you can turn off a transmit laser on a link
• make- before- break, you can automatically or manually
invoke the make- before- break process
• monitor the effect of the messages or events on the
router—for example:
• measure the effect on traffic forwarding
• calculate convergence times

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Stress test protocols

Stress testing a router or a network is critical to establishing
whether a router or network is able to sustain the loads
expected when deployed. Stress testing the SUT entails
sending the SUT large numbers of route updates and
verifying its correct operation under stress.
For high stress purposes, multiple cards and chassis’ can be
connected through a single hub to the SUT’s LAN interface
allowing significant scaling capability.

Manage topologies
Using N2X Packets and Protocols you can simulate and
manage L2 MPLS VPN network topologies.
To set up the topology, you configure:
• PE routers
• local and remote VPLS sites or L2oMPLS circuits
After setting up your topology, you can create a traffic mesh.
This enables you to create multiple stream groups and
specify how the traffic is routed from sources to
destinations. Stream groups are automatically generated to
facilitate traffic definition.
Common L2 MPLS VPN topology testing examples include:
• To test the VPLS MAC FIB table size
• To test VPLS unicast and flooding forwarding performance
• To verify spanning tree B- PDUs over VPLS
• To test how many VPLS sites your system supports
• To test how many VCs can be set up
• To set up a L2oMPLS (ATM, Frame Relay, or Ethernet)
test topology
The steps involved in each of these examples are described
in the online help.

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To manage topologies, you can perform the following tasks:

Configure the tester

Test protocols

1. Configure the topology.

Manage topologies
2. Define a traffic mesh.

Define traffic

Define the
measurements and
send traffic

View statistics Analyze captured data

For step- by- step instructions for how to manage topologies,

see the online help.

Configure the topology

Configuring the topology involves:

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• defining PE routers—On the provider side of a VPN

network, remote PE routers function like Label Edge
Routers (LERs) with a full mesh of MPLS Label Switched
Paths (LSPs) connecting all PE routers. LDP or RSVP- TE
is used to set up pairs of LSPs in each direction. Each PE
router is configured to establish a targeted LDP session
(T- LDP) with every other PE in the network. This
targeted LDP session is used to establish virtual circuits
(called VC LSPs) between each pair of customer sites in
the VPN.

When adding PE routers, you can select from routers in

an advertised OSPF or IS- IS topology.
• creating local and remote VPLS sites—You can simulate a
VPLS network consisting of multiple:
• local sites per access port
• remote VPLS sites per PE router
When setting up VPLS sites you can create multiple
individual sites or, to create a large number of VPLS sites
at the same time, you can create a pool of VPLS sites.
• creating L2oMPLS virtual circuits (ATM, Frame Relay, or
Ethernet) simulating local and remote CEs. You can create
thousands of virtual circuits by specifying minimal circuit
attributes.

Define a traffic mesh

You can create and maintain a mesh of traffic. A traffic
mesh defines how traffic is routed from sources, through the
SUT, to destinations. The traffic mesh also defines the traffic
distribution and orientation.

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Define traffic
Using N2X Packets and Protocols, you can generate up to
32,768 streams of traffic per port. Each stream can be
defined using the predefined PDU formats. You can edit any
layer header field either manually or by using the field
modifiers which automatically generate a range of field
values.
N2X Packets and Protocols generated traffic consists of:

When defining traffic, you must define each of these

components.

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To define traffic, you must perform the following tasks:

Configure the tester

Test protocols

Manage topologies

1. Define a traffic profile.

Define traffic 2. Create stream groups or a
traffic mesh.
3. Define the PDUs.

Define the
measurements and
send traffic

View statistics Analyze captured data

For step- by- step instructions for how to define traffic, see
the online help.

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Define a traffic profile

You can define either constant or bursty traffic profiles, and
specify the traffic load to transmit. You also specify whether
to transmit the traffic:
• continuously—transmit the defined traffic continuously
until the traffic is manually stopped
• single- shot—transmit the defined traffic once only

Create a traffic stream group

Define the packet/frame lengths and select the expected
destination port(s) for stream- level statistics.

Create a traffic mesh

A traffic mesh defines how traffic is routed from sources,
through the SUT, to destinations. The traffic mesh also
defines the traffic distribution and orientation.
When you create a traffic mesh, stream groups and profiles
are automatically created.

Define the PDUs

Specify the values for each field in the packet header (for
example, source/destination address, ToS). You can use field
modifiers to rapidly vary the values of header fields. to
generate unique streams to measure performance.

Define the measurements and send traffic

Before you send traffic, you select the statistics you want to
display in real- time. You can also select the statistics after
you have started generating traffic, however, the statistics
will apply only to the traffic sent after you select the
statistics.

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To define the measurements and start traffic, you must

perform the following tasks:

Configure the tester

Test protocols

Manage topologies

Define traffic

Define the
1. Define the measurements.
measurements and
send traffic 2. Send traffic.

View statistics Analyze captured data

For step- by- step instructions for how to define the

measurements and send traffic, see the online help.

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Define the measurements

You can monitor the SUT's packet throughput, latency, loss,
and errors. Statistics are provided per test port, per traffic
stream (up to 32,000 streams per port depending on the
port type and statistics mode), and per field (currently only
for VLAN ID field). This allows you to easily compare
different traffic streams to identify the router’s ability to
manage different traffic classes.
You can select many different statistics and monitor their
results in real- time, across small sampling intervals. After
you stop a test, the tester continues measuring statistics for
a specified trickle time, so that in- transit IP packets can
reach their destinations and be counted in the statistics.

Send traffic
After defining measurements, you can then transmit the
traffic. While transmitting traffic, you can dynamically
change the traffic load for any stream group to monitor its
effect on router performance.

View statistics
As the SUT routes the simulated traffic through its
interfaces, the test ports measure SUT performance in
real- time.

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To view results, you must perform the following tasks:

Configure the tester

Test protocols

Manage topologies

Define traffic

Define the
measurements and
send traffic

View statistics Analyze captured data

1. View the statistics table.

2. View the graphs.

For step- by- step instructions for how to view statistics, see
the online help.

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View the statistics table

You can view the selected statistics per port, per stream, or
per field (currently only VLAN ID field) as numerical values.
These values are updated on the Graphical User Interface
regularly.
You can also log statistics to a plain text file, in
comma- separated values (CSV) format.

View the graphs

You can view results in a:
• bar graph—to compare up to 10 statistics side- by- side
• line graph—to track up to 10 statistics over time and
detect trends

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Analyze captured data

To capture and analyze data, you can perform the following
tasks:

Configure the tester

Test protocols

Manage topologies

Define traffic

Define the
measurements and
send traffic

View statistics Analyze captured data

1. Configure data capture.

2. Capture data
3. Analyze data.
4. View packet decode data.

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For step- by- step instruction for how to capture and analyze
data, see the online help.

Configure data capture

You can capture data from a single port or multiple ports.
You can specify the following on each port on which capture
is enabled:
• triggers—define start capture and stop capture trigger
actions. Triggers include valid packets, invalid packets,
field value matches, and forwarding errors.
• filters—select filters to use when capturing data. Capture
filters enable you to optimize the use of capture memory
by specifying the characteristics of what packets you want
stored or discarded.

Capture data
You can start capturing data after you have set up triggers
and filters, and defined the buffer size required.
You can start the capture:
• manually
• on a trigger
You can stop a capture:
• manually
• when the buffer is full
• on a trigger
When the capture is complete you can save the data to a
capture file.

Analyze data
Analyzing data provides a graphical representation of an
entire capture buffer. You can select a point of interest, such
as a spike in latency, and then drill down by re- analyzing
the location around the selected point. You can continue to
drill down until you have located a single packet of interest.

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View packet decode data

You can display a comprehensive protocol decode view of
the captured data. A wide range of protocols are supported,
including Layer 2, Layer 3, as well as routing protocols. You
can view:
• a detailed protocol decode (text or tree view)
• a hexadecimal dump of the captured packet
• N2X Packets and Protocols test payload and capture
overhead decodes
You can:
• decode captured data (entire Layer 2 frames).
• define the details you want to view. For example, in the
PDU Summary List you can select to view the timestamp
as relative, absolute, or interval, or select not to see it at
all. You can also jump directly to a packet of interest.
• save packet data to a capture file.

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N2X Packets and Protocols Interfaces

N2X Packets and Protocols allows you to run tests using the:
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Application Programming Interface (API)
• Productivity Applications
These software interfaces are used in conjunction with the
hardware test cards described in “Hardware test cards” on
page 43.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The tester provides a Windows- based Graphical User
Interface (GUI). The GUI provides a visual way of entering
information into the tester. The GUI also provides a visual
way to monitor protocol emulations and statistics in
real- time. See “N2X Packets and Protocols application” on
page 50 for an overview of the GUI.
You can perform a wide variety of tests using the GUI.
Step- by- step instructions for using the GUI are provided in
the online help.

Application Programming Interface (API)

The API allows you to automate tests that:
• are too tedious or imprecise to do manually or repeatedly
through the GUI
• integrate tests with larger test suites that access other
test equipment and Systems Under Test (SUT)
• repeat tests for subsequent product builds
• regression test new versions or releases of products
There is no need to write scripts from scratch as there are
sample scripts provided. The scripting language used is
Tcl/Tk.

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Tcl/Tk scripting is best suited to coordinating the operation

of protocols with other testing tasks such as traffic
generation and statistics collection. For more information,
see the N2X Packets and Protocols Tcl Programmer’s Guide
or the N2X Packets and Protocols Online API Help.

Productivity Applications
N2X includes a rich set of automation tools designed to
maximize your testing productivity.
There are three types of applications available:
• Productivity Applications
• Conformance test suites
• QuickTests

Productivity Applications
Productivity applications focus on validating the performance
and scalability characteristics of next generation network
infrastructure and services. These applications simplify
complex test scenarios.
See the Productivity Application online help for usage
details.

Conformance test suites

Conformance tests provide a variety of preconfigured test
suites that you can run quickly and easily to assess your
systems conformance to the applicable industry standards.
N2X provides both protocol and functional conformance
tests.
See the Conformance Test online help for usage details.

QuickTests
QuickTests provides a set of libraries and utilities that
automate and simplify testing. Using QuickTest scripts, you
can run a wide range of tests that comply with current
benchmarking initiatives. You can run QuickTest from:

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• a standalone QuickTest browser—includes a script

collection browser, a set of layered libraries, and a code
generator which enable you to develop automated tests to
meet your specific testing needs.
• the N2X Packets and Protocols Graphical User
Interface—includes a script collection browser and a set of
layered libraries.
See the QuickTest online help for usage details.

Software applications
N2X Packets and Protocols offers the following software
applications:
• E7880B Packets (Traffic Generation)
• E7881B Packets and Protocols
• E7882A IPv4 Routing Emulation
• E7883A MPLS Signaling Emulation
• E7884A Layer 2 MPLS VPN Application
• E7885A IPv6 Routing Emulation
• E7886A Multicast Routing Emulation
• E7887A DHCP Emulation
• E7888A Access Protocol Emulation
• E7889A Optical Signaling Emulation
• E7896A DHCPv6 Emulation
• E7897A MLDv1, MLDv2
• E7898A DHCPv6 + MLDv1/v2 Bundle
• E7879A MPLS OAM
• E7877A IPTV Video Generation and Analysis
• N5582A LACP Emulation
Please contact your local Agilent sales representative for
more information about any of these products.

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Hardware test cards

You can use a variety of hardware interfaces with the
software applications. The interfaces are classisified
according to their capabilities:
• XP (Packet)—provide traffic generation and analysis
• XR (Routing)—also provide protocol emulations
• XS (High- performance routing)—have faster CPUs for
better performance and scalability
• - 2 (second- generation)—provide one CPU per port and
allow several people to use different ports on the same
card at the same time
The hardware test cards currently supported include:

Interface # ports
per card
XP Cards
E5214A 10/100/1000 Ethernet Test Card (GBIC/RJ45) 2
E5215A 10/100 Ethernet Test Card 16
E5216A Gigabit Ethernet Test Card 2
E5222A 10GbE Test Card (XENPAK) 1
XP-2 Cards
N5553B 10/100/1000 Ethernet Test Card (SFP/RJ45) 4
XR Cards
E7315A 10GbE Test Card (XENPAK) 1
E7316A 10G POS VSR Test Card (850nm) 1
E7317A 10G UniPHY Test Card (1310 nm) 1
E7318A 10G UniPHY Test Card (1550 nm) 1
E7906A 10/100 Ethernet Test Card 16
E7907A OC-3c/12c ATM/POS Routing Test Card 2
E7909A OC-48c POS/FR Test Card 2
E7917A OC-3c/12c POS/FR Test Card 2
E7918A 10/100/1000 Ethernet Test Card (GBIC/RJ45) 2
E7919A Gigabit Ethernet Test Card (GBIC) 2
E7922A 10/100 Ethernet Test Card 4

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XR-2 Cards
N5550B 10/100 Ethernet Test Card 4
N5551B 10/100/1000 Ethernet Test Card (SFP/RJ45) 4
N5552B 10/100/1000 Ethernet Test Card (SFP/RJ45) 2
N5604B 10/100/1000 Ethernet PON Test Card (SFP/RJ45) 4
N5602A 10G UniPHY* Test Card (XFP) 1
N5603A 10GbE LAN/WAN Test Card (XFP) 1
XS Cards
E7315B 10GbE Test Card (XENPAK) 2
E7317B 10G UniPHY* Test Card (1310 nm) 1
E7318B 10G UniPHY* Test Card (1550 nm) 1
E7320B 40G Test Card 1
E7907B OC-3c/OC-12c ATM/POS/FR Test Card 2
E7909B OC-48c POS/FR Test Card 2
E7918B 10/100/1000 Ethernet Test Card (GBIC/RJ45) 2
E7919B Gigabit Ethernet Test Card (GBIC) 2
E7922B 10/100 Ethernet Test Card 4
XS-2 Cards
N5630B 10/100/1000 Ethernet Test Card (SFP/RJ45) 2
N5632A 10G UniPHY* Test Card (XFP) 1

*UniPHY supports both Ethernet and POS physical

interfaces.
For more information about any of these products, please
contact your local Agilent sales representative.

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Agilent N2X Packets and Protocols

Getting Started Guide

2
Starting N2X Packets and Protocols
To start N2X Packets and Protocols 46
To exit and log out of N2X Packets and Protocols 47
To get online help 48

Before you can start N2X Packets and Protocols, make sure
you have set up your system as described in the N2X
Packets and Protocols Installation and Administration
Guide. Make sure you have the required licenses installed
and the correct system version selected.
The Journal of Internet Test Methodologies includes the key
tests necessary to verify and characterize the operational
performance of core Internet routers. You can use this
journal to help you implement your test strategy. The online
help also provides a number of Application Notes that
describe the steps required to perform some sample test
scenarios.
The journal is available online at:
www.agilent.com/comms/N2X.

Agilent Technologies 45
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2 Starting N2X Packets and Protocols

To start N2X Packets and Protocols

You can start N2X Packets and Protocols from the:
• Windows desktop
• Start menu
Windows desktop On the Windows desktop, double- click:

The N2X Control Panel is displayed. On the Session tab,

click the Launchpad button.

Start menu From the Windows Start menu, select (All) Programs >
Agilent N2X > N2X Packets <version> >
RouterTester900.

This displays the Packets and Protocols window. See “N2X

Packets and Protocols application” on page 50 for more
information.
For complete details about selecting test cards and using a
combination of N2X Packets and Protocols test cards for the
same test, see the N2X Packets and Protocols Installation
and Administration Guide.

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Starting N2X Packets and Protocols 2

To exit and log out of N2X Packets and Protocols

Exit On the N2X Packets and Protocols window, click

application Session > Exit. Select whether you want to save your
current test configuration. Indicate whether to leave the
test session running in the background.

Log out of On the desktop, click Start > Log Off Administrator.
Windows Confirm that you want to end your Windows session.
Or
Press Ctrl+Alt+Del. The Windows Security dialog box is
displayed. Click Logoff and confirm that you want to
end your Windows session.

Before you turn off the PC, always shut down Windows. Wait
for the message indicating that it’s safe to power down.
There are two ways to power down:
• on the desktop, click Start > Shut Down
• on the Windows Security dialog box, click Shut Down

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2 Starting N2X Packets and Protocols

To get online help

Help menu The online help includes:

• Contents—Opens the N2X Packets and Protocols Help
Table of Contents.
• Index—Opens the N2X Packets and Protocols Help
keyword index.
• API—Opens the N2X Packets and Protocols API help.
• About Packets and Protocols—Displays information
about the N2X Packets and Protocols version.

Dialog box and Provides context- sensitive details about the current
window dialog box and what to enter for each field.
help buttons

Start menu Provides access to the same help accessed from the
main Help Menu.

The online help and guides are provided on both the

• N2X Packets and Protocols PC:
C:\Program Files\Agilent\N2X\RouterTester900\<version>\doc
• N2X Packets and Protocols CD:
\doc
Launch RT900Master.chm to see the GUI and API online help
or .pdf files to see the guides. Launch RT900MasterApi.chm to
see only the API online help.

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Agilent N2X Packets and Protocols

Getting Started Guide

3
Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols
N2X Packets and Protocols application 50

This chapter describes:

• the different functional areas in the Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
• how to navigate around the N2X Packets and Protocols
GUI

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3 Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols

N2X Packets and Protocols application

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides a visual way of
entering information into the tester. You can access all of
the N2X Packets and Protocols functions from the main
Packets and Protocols window. This window comprises a
number of areas which are used to perform different
functions.
Menu bar Toolbar

Setup bar

Results bar

Tools bar

Setup — Traffic/Capture/Topology Results — Realtime

/Emulation/Video area /Capture Analysis area

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Menu bar
The menu bar provides access to the majority of N2X
Packets and Protocols functions.

The following menus are provided:

• Session—open, save, reset, exit, or edit the properties of a
test session.
• Edit—copy, paste, delete, or edit the properties of the
selected item.
• View—select the information to display on the Packets and
Protocols window and how you want it displayed.
• Actions—functions depend on the selected Setup area:
• Traffic—add a new stream group, preview packet
details, move streams within a stream group, select
which streams or stream groups to send, and start and
stop sending traffic.
• Capture—specify how much data to capture, start and
stop data capture, and open, close and save capture
files. You can also display the capture data decode
details and generate an analysis.
• Topology—add PE routers to a port, add VPLS sites to
ports or PE routers, add L2oMPLS circuits to ports,
enable and disable topology objects, and create a new
traffic mesh.
• Emulation—add a protocol emulation, enable and
disable emulations, initiate protocol actions.
• Video—add a video source, add a channel pool, preview
transmitted video
• Results—select which measurements you want, and how
you want them displayed.
• Tools—launch a Tcl or Wish shell to use the API, run a
Ping test, display the Test Log or Message Log, display the
Dashboard, or open the Pattern Library, Frame Matcher
Library, or the Analysis Filter Library Editor.
• Help—display the N2X Packets and Protocols Help and
version information.

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3 Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols

Toolbar
The toolbar provides access to some of the N2X Packets and
Protocols functions.

The icons are grouped by related functionality:

Session related icons:
Click ... To ...
open a saved test session.
save a test session.
View related icons:
Click ... To ...
display the Setup —
Traffic/Capture/Topology area on the
Packets and Protocols window.
display the Results area on the Packets
and Protocols window.
display the Productivity Applications
area on the Packets and Protocols
window.
display each area tiled across the
Packets and Protocols window.
display each area tiled down the Packets
and Protocols window.
display the Options dialog box, which
enables you to select how you want to
display information on the Packets and
Protocols window.
Traffic related icons:
Click ... To ...
display or edit the test ports currently
in the session.

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display or edit the test session

properties.
Displays the duration for which traffic
and measurements have been running.
start traffic and measurements. While
the tester is preparing the test ports for
traffic and measurements, the button is
grayed out. While the tester is sending
traffic and measuring statistics, the
button alternates between a dark blue
and light blue icon.
Capture related icons:
Click ... To ...
start capturing traffic. While the tester
is preparing the test ports for capture,
the button is grayed out. While the
tester is capturing data, the button
alternates between a dark red and light
red icon.
Routing related icons:
Click ... To ...
start routing and signalling emulations.
While the tester is preparing the test
ports for routing and signalling, the
button is grayed out. While the tester is
emulating routing and signaling, the
button alternates between a dark green
and light green icon.
Help related icons:
Click ... To ...
display online help for N2X Packets and
Protocols.

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Setup bar
Use the Setup bar to select the test attributes you want to
set up.

You can select:

• Traffic—to display the Setup — Traffic area in which you
configure traffic. When you click this button, the following
buttons are displayed (note that this is the default view
and by default these buttons are available):
• Ports—select to display ports in the current test session
and stream groups on the selected port.
• Meshes—select to display details of each traffic mesh in
the current test session.
• Capture—to display the Setup — Capture area in which
you configure capture and analyze captured data.
• Topology—to display the Setup — Topology area in which
you configure the VPLS or L2oMPLS topologies. When you
click this button, the following buttons are displayed:
• Summary—select to display all PE routers, VPLS sites,
VPLS site pools, and L2oMPLS circuits associated with
the selected port. VPLS sites, VPLS site pools, and
L2oMPLS circuits are grouped within their PE router.

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• PE—select to display all PE routers associated with the

selected port.
• VPLS—select to display all local and remote VPLS sites
and site pools associated with the selected port. VPLS
sites and site pools are grouped within their PE router.
• L2oMPLS—select to display all local and remote
L2oMPLS virtual circuits associated with the selected
port. Remote L2oMPLS circuits are grouped within
their PE router.
• Emulation—to display the Setup — Emulation area in
which you configure and control protocol emulations.
• Video—to display the Setup — Video area in which you
configure IPTV traffic sources and channels.
• Link Layer—to display the Link dialog box on which you
configure the link layer protocols.
• Physical Layer—to display the Physical dialog box on
which you configure the physical layer protocols.

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3 Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols

Results bar
Use the Results bar to select how the results are displayed
in the Results area.

You can select:

• Realtime—to display the Results — Realtime area
(displayed by default). Use this area to view the realtime
measurements (for example traffic measurements).
• Analysis—to display the Results — Capture Analysis area.
Use this area to analyze captured data.
• Table—to display the results in numerical form in a table
in the Results area.
• Graphs—to display the results as line or bar graphs in the
Results area.
• Both—to display the results in both a table and graphs in
the Results area (default).

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Tools bar
Use the Tools bar to review the status of the tester.

You can select:

• Ping Test—to run a Ping test to verify IP- layer
connectivity between the test ports connected to the SUT.
• Dashboard—to monitor the CPU and memory usage of test
ports during a test. You can determine whether a test is
approaching its resource limits or whether you can
further increase the scale of the test.
• Test Log—to display a historical log of test events that
have occurred since the start of the test.

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Setup — Traffic area

Use the Setup — Traffic area to define and generate traffic.
This area is displayed by default when you start N2X
Packets and Protocols. If it is not displayed, click Traffic in
the Setup bar.

Ports pane

Details pane

The Setup—Traffic area contains the following panes:

• Ports pane—use this pane to select the tester port for
which you want to define the traffic.

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• Details pane—use this pane to define the traffic that you

want to generate.
You can double- click any item in these panes to display and
edit the item’s properties. In addition, if you right- click a
selected item, a menu is displayed providing access to traffic
related functions.
The Setup — Traffic area has the following icons:
Click ... To ...
create a new stream group (displayed in the
Details pane) or traffic mesh. Before creating
certain traffic mesh types, ensure you have
created the required topology elements. For
example, when creating a L2oMPLS topology,
you must have configured the PE routers and
L2oMPLS circuits.
copy the selected stream group.
paste the selected stream group.
delete the selected stream group.
display the properties for the selected item:
port, profile, or stream group.
(Available only when using the mesh view.)
update the stream groups by removing all
stream groups in the mesh, and re- creating
them to reflect the current state of the link
layer address and route pools.
move the stream group up or down within
the profile.
send the selected traffic profile once only.
move the slider bar to increase or decrease
the intended transmit traffic load.
Refer to the online help for more information about how to
define and generate traffic.

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3 Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols

Setup — Capture area

Use the Setup — Capture area to capture data. This area is
displayed when you click Capture in the Setup bar.

You can double- click any item in the list (port or capture
file) to display decode details. In addition, if you right- click
a selected item, a menu is displayed providing access to
capture related functions.
The Setup — Capture area has the following icons:
Click ... To ...
display the capture properties for a port.
run a single shot capture (until the capture
buffer is full or a stop trigger is activated).

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run a cyclic capture (continuously capture

data until you manually stop the capture or a
stop trigger is activated).
to start capturing data based on selected
triggers and filters.
open a capture file.
save captured data to a file.
display the capture decodes for the selected
port or capture file.
display the Generate Analysis dialog box. Use
this dialog box to generate an analysis with
or without using an analysis filter. Use an
analysis filter to enable you to define the
packets you want to include in the analysis.
cancel the first queued request. Requests
include:
• packet request—occurs when displaying
capture source data in the Packet Decode
dialog box
• analysis request—occurs when you request
an analysis on a capture source
• distribution analysis request—occurs when
you request distribution data from an
analysis set
• save capture request—occurs when saving
capture data to a capture file

Refer to the online help for more information about how to

capture data.

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Setup — Topology area

Use the Setup — Topology area to configure topologies. This
area is displayed when you click Topology in the Setup bar.

Ports pane

Details pane

The Setup —Topology area contains the following panes:

• Ports pane—use this pane to select the port to which you
want to add a PE router, VPLS site (either an individual
VPLS site or a pool of VPLS sites), or a L2oMPLS circuit.
• Details pane—use this pane to define and edit VPLS site
details, L2oMPLS circuit details, and PE router details.
You can double- click any item in the list (port, VPLS site,
VPLS site pool, L2oMPLS circuits, or PE router) to display
the item’s properties. In addition, if you right- click a
selected item, a menu is displayed providing access to
topology related functions.

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The Setup — Topology area has the following icons:

Click ... To ...
create a new topology element. The icon on
the button indicates what you will create
when you click the button (PE router by
default). To select a different topology
element, click the arrow and select the
required topology element. You can select:
• PE Router—click to add a PE router to the
selected port.
• VPLS Site—click to add a VPLS site or
VPLS site pool to a port or PE router.
• L2oMPLS Circuits—click to add a L2oMPLS
virtual circuit to a port.
Your selection will then become the default
action of the New button and the icon will
change to reflect this.
delete the selected topology element.
display the properties of your selection.

Refer to the online help for more information about how to

view results.

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Setup — Emulation area

Use the Setup — Emulation area to configure and control
protocol emulations. This area is displayed when you click
Emulation in the Setup bar.

You can double- click any item in the list (port or device
emulation) to display details. In addition, if you right- click a
selected item, a menu is displayed providing access to
emulation related functions.
Refer to the online help for more information about how to
simulate protocol devices.

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Setup — Video area

Use the Setup — Video area to configure and control IPTV
traffic sources and channel content. This area is displayed
when you click Video in the Setup bar, but you must enter
a license for the IPTV Video Generation and Analysis
Software before you can access the Video button and area.

Ports pane

Details pane

The Setup—Video area contains the following panes:

• Ports pane—use this pane to select the tester port for
which you want to define the video traffic. Only ports
with a Video Server personality are displayed.
• Details pane—use this pane to define the video sources
and channel content that you want to generate.
You can double- click any video source or channel pool to
display and configure their settings. In addition, if you
right- click a selected item, a menu is displayed providing
access to video functions.
Refer to the online help for more information about how to
generate IPTV video traffic.

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3 Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols

Results — Realtime area

The Results —Realtime area displays the measurements taken
during a test in both numerical and graphical format.

Ports pane

Graphs pane

If you right- click a selected item in the Ports pane or a

graph in the Graphs pane, a menu is displayed providing
access to results related functions.

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The Results—Realtime area contains the following panes:

• Ports pane—use this pane to select and display a number
of measurements for the traffic you are generating or
receiving.
• Graphs pane—use this pane to graphically plot one or
more of the measurements selected in the Port Statistics
pane. On each graph, you can plot a specific statistic for
multiple ports. You can display either bar graphs or line
graphs.
The Results—Realtime area has the following icons:
Click ... To ...
select the statistics you want to collect, as
well as the port, stream, or field for which
you want to collect the statistics.
add or remove measurements for the selected
port from the graphs.
copy the selected information. You can select
either rows of statistics from the Ports pane,
or a graph from the Graphs pane, then paste
the information into another application.
specify whether port measurements are
collected by stream or by field (for VLANs),
and to set the latency threshold.
zoom in or out of a line graph. You cannot
use these buttons for a bar graph.
display the results as line graphs (default).
Line graphs track the statistic over several
sampling intervals, allowing you to chart
trends and patterns.
display the results as bar graphs. Bar graphs
show the value of the statistic in the last
sampling interval.
display the cumulative measurements; the
tester displays accumulated values since the
start of the test.

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3 Navigating N2X Packets and Protocols

display instantaneous measurements; the

tester displays counts for the most recently
completed sampling interval.

Refer to the online help for more information about how to

view results.

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Results — Capture Analysis area

The Results — Capture Analysis area displays all analysis
sets generated in the current session. You can generate
multiple analysis sets for the same port or capture file. All
analysis results are displayed in this area.

Analysis Source
pane

Graphs pane

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If you right- click a selected item in the Ports pane or a

graph in the Graphs pane, a menu is displayed providing
access to results related functions.
The Results — Capture Analysis area contains the following
panes:
• Analysis Source pane—use this pane to view the
measurements that are calculated from all the packets
that have passed the analysis filter. The packets are
grouped into clusters, which form the base unit from
which each measurements is derived.
• Graphs pane—use this pane to view and print the
graphical interpretation of the analysis results. You can
view:
• time graphs—displays the measurements values over
time
• distribution graphs—displays how the range of values
per- packet are distributed
The Results area has the following icons:
Click ... To ...
display the Setup Analysis Measurements
dialog box. Use this dialog box to:
• select the measurements that you want to
graph
• change the default settings for time and
distribution graphs
display the graphs as time graphs. Time
graphs display the measurement values over
time.
display the graphs as distribution graphs.
Distribution graphs display how the range of
values are distributed.

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display the Packet Decode dialog box. Use this

dialog box to view captured packets as
interpreted by their protocol (protocol decode
format) in hexadecimal format or in test
payload decode format.
Note: For this button to display the packet
decode details, you must select the analysis
set corresponding to the graph for which you
want to view details.
add an analysis set to a time or distribution
graph.
Note: This button is available after you select
the analysis set(s) that you want to graph.
remove an analysis set from a time or
distribution graph.
Note: This button is available after you select
the analysis set(s) that you want to remove
from the graph.
expand the graph at the selected point.
return to a previous expansion level.
calculate distribution details and display them
in the distribution graph format for the
selected analysis set(s). This may take several
minutes.
display the minimum values of the selected
analysis set(s).
Note: This button is available for time graphs
only.
display the average values of the selected
analysis set(s).
Note: This button is available for time graphs.
display the maximum values of the selected
analysis set(s).
Note: This button is available for time graphs.
select the time graph scale.

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Refer to the online help for more information about how to

view results.

Applications area
The Applications area allows you to run any of the following
types of tests:
• Productivity Applications
• Conformance Test Suites
• QuickTest

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This area is not displayed by default. To display this area,

click (or click View > Applications). To select a
type of application, click the appropriate tab at the bottom
of the area.

Menu pane

Details pane

Selection tabs

The Applications area contains the following panes:

• Menu pane—displays a list of all tests within the selected
application (Productivity, Conformance Tests, QuickTest)
that are available. Click a test to select it.

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• Details pane—displays a description or diagram

illustrating the purpose of the selected test. Note: This
pane is not available for Conformance Tests.
The Applications area has the following icons:
Click ... To ...
run the selected test.
refresh the list tests.
display a diagram illustrating the selected
QuickTest or Productivity test in the Details
pane. Note: This is not available on the
Conformance tab.
display a text description of the selected
QuickTest or Productivity test in the Details
pane. Note: This is not available on the
Conformance tab.

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Agilent N2X Packets and Protocols

Getting Started Guide

A
To contact us
To contact us 76

Agilent Technologies 75
RT900UserGuide.book Page 76 Monday, January 8, 2007 5:47 PM

A To contact us

To contact us
Should you require technical assistance, contact the center
in your region.

Americas Japan
• USA (Englewood, CO) • Tokyo
Phone: 1-800-829-4444 Phone: 0120-421-345
[email protected] [email protected]

Asia-Pacific Europe
• Email • Benelux
North-East Asia Netherlands: 31 020 547 2111
- [email protected] Belgium: 32 02 404 93 40
South Asia-Pacific [email protected]
- [email protected] • DACH
• Australia Germany: 0180 524 6333
Phone: 1-800-629-485 Austria: 43 01 251257006
• China Switzerland: 41 01 7359300/9200
Phone: 800-810-0189 [email protected]
• Hong Kong • Denmark
Phone: 800-930-871 Phone: 45-70 13 15 15
• India [email protected]
Phone: 1-600-112-929 • Finland
• Korea Phone: 358-010-855 21 00
Phone: (82-2) 2004-5004 [email protected]
Toll Free: 080-769-0800 • France
• Malaysia International: 33 01 64 53 56 23
Phone: 1-800-888-848 France: 08 25 01 07 00
• New Zealand [email protected]
Phone: 0800-738-378 • Italy
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Phone: (63-2) 842-6802 [email protected]
Toll Free: 1-800-1651-0170 • Norway
• Singapore Phone: 47-23 25 37 00
Phone: 1-800-375-8100 [email protected]
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Phone: 0800-047-866 Phone: 34-91 631 33 00
• Thailand [email protected]
Phone: (66-2) 268-1345 • Sweden
Toll Free: 1-800-226-008 Phone: 46-08-50 64 86 86
[email protected]
• UK & Ireland
UK: 44 07004 666 666
Ireland: 1 890 92 42 06
[email protected]

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To contact us A

For faster service...

We require the following information to troubleshoot
problems. The more information you provide, the faster we
will be able to assist you.
• your name and contact details (phone or email)
• your Controller PC’s model and serial number
• your N2X Packets and Protocols test cards’ model
• approximate purchase date
• software version (see the application’s splash screen or
Help menu)
• software installed (including patches)
• specific details of the problem
• CollectDiagnostics details
• modules being used in the test
• router configuration

For support through the World Wide Web...

You can also get technical support through the World Wide
Web:
• http://www.agilent.com/comms/N2X
This site provides general information about the tester:
news, product information, data sheets, and brochures.
• Technical Support site
Click “Technical Support” on the main web page. This site
provides support for registered customers: the latest
software, service packs, user guides, online help, and
application notes. See Registration below to register for
this. To access this site, you need the User Name and
Password that was emailed to you when you registered for
this support. If you lose or forget this password, use the
"Get Password Assistance" link from the Login page.
• Registration site
Click “Register for a Free Password” on the main
Technical Support page. Use this site to register for access
to the above support site. To register, you need a license

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A To contact us

key or SES Agreement number (shipped with your order).

A User Name and Password will be emailed to you within
minutes.

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A Ethernet, 24 functional conformance tests, 41

link layer, 24
physical layer, 24
about N2X Packets and Protocols, 16 POS, 24 G
addresses tester, 23
IPv4, 24 Conformance tests, 41
IPv6, 24 generating traffic, 30, 34
contacting Agilent Technologies, 76 graceful restart, 20
Agilent Technologies, contacting creating traffic mesh, 32
us, 76 Graphical User Interface (GUI), 40, 50
creating traffic stream groups, 32 Graphs pane, 67, 70
Analysis Source pane, 70 CSA mark, 3
analyzing data, 37, 38 graphs, viewing, 36
Customer Support, contact
API, 40 numbers, 76
application
N2X Packets and Protocols, 50
H
software, 42 D H.264 traffic, 19
Application Programming Interface
(API), 40 hardware test cards, 43
Applications data analysis, 37, 38 Help
area, 72 data capture, 37, 38 buttons, 48
Details pane, 74 configuring, 38 menu, 48, 51
Menu pane, 73 decodes, viewing, 39 high availability, 20
area defining
Applications, 72 measurements, 32, 34
Results, 66 PDU, 32 I
Results - Capture Analysis, 69 traffic, 30
Results - Realtime, 66 traffic flow, 32 icon bar, 52
Setup - Emulation, 64 traffic profiles, 32 interfaces, 40
Setup - Topology, 62 Details pane, 59, 65 IPTV. See Video
Setup - Traffic, 58 IPv4
Setup - Video, 65 addresses, 24
ATM
E IPv6
configuring, 24 addresses, 24
Edit menu, 51 ISM 1-A mark, 3
email, Agilent Technologies, 76
B emulating protocols, 20, 26
Emulation J
BGP-4 MPLS VPNs, 21 area, 64
menu, 51 Journal of Internet Test
Ethernet Methodologies, 45
C configure, 24
interfaces supported, 43
Capture
exiting, 47 L
menu, 51
capture analysis results, 69 F L2oMPLS, 21
capturing data, 37, 38 launching
cards, 43 N2X Packets and Protocols, 46
CE mark, 3 fast reroute, 20 online help, 48
configuring forwarding performance testing, 20 Layer 2 MPLS VPN, 21, 27
data capture, 38 Frame Relay Layer 3 BGP-4 MPLS VPNs, 21
configuring, 24

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link layer, configure, 24 Details, 59, 65, 74 ports, 24

logging out, 47 Graphs, 67, 70 sending
Port Statistics, 67 traffic, 32, 34
Ports, 58, 65 Session menu, 51
M PDU Setup - Emulation area, 64
defining, 32 Setup - Topology area, 62
make-before-break, 20 performance testing, 17 Setup - Traffic area, 58
MDI, 19 phone support, 76 Setup - Video area, 65
measure QoS, 18 physical layer, configure, 24 Setup bar, 54
measurements Ports pane, 58, 65, 67 simulating topologies, 21
selecting, 32, 34 ports, selecting, 24 software applications, 42
viewing, 36 POS starting
Menu bar, 51 configure, 24 N2X Packets and Protocols, 46
Menu pane, Applications, 73 interfaces supported, 43 traffic, 32, 34
MPEG traffic, 19 product support, 76 statistics
Productivity Applications, 41 select, 34
protocol viewing, 34, 36
N emulation, 20, 26 stream group, create, 32
stress testing, 27 stress testing, 19
N2X Packets and Protocols testing, 25 stress testing protocols, 27
about, 16 protocol conformance test, 41 support, 76
application, 50 symbols, safety, 3
capabilities, 16
exiting, 47
Q
window, 50
T
navigating N2X Packets and QoS testing, 18
Protocols, 49 QuickTests, 41 Tcl
network stress testing, 19 introduction, 40
non-stop forwarding, 20 technical support, 76
R test cards, 43
test, run, 22
O realtime results, 66 testing
Results forwarding performance, 20
online help bar, 56 network stress thresholds, 19
buttons, 48 results protocol emulation, 20, 26
displaying, 48 capture analysis, 69 protocols, 25
menu, 48 realtime, 66 QoS, 18
optical lasers Results - Capture Analysis area, 69 stress protocols, 27
warning, 3 Results - Realtime area, 66 topologies, 21
Results menu, 51 traffic performance, 17
results, viewing, 34 thresholds, stress testing, 19
P run tests, 22 toolbar, 52
Tools bar, 57
Tools menu, 51
packet decodes, viewing, 39
pane
S Topology
area, 62
Analysis Source, 70 menu, 51
Applications Details, 74 safety symbols, 3
selecting topology testing, 21
Applications Menu, 73 Traffic
measurements, 32, 34

80 N2X Packets and Protocols Getting Started Guide

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area, 58
menu, 51
traffic
capture, 37
capturing, 38
create stream group, 32
create traffic mesh, 32
defining, 30
defining profiles, 32
sending, 34
start, 32
traffic flow, defining, 32
traffic mesh, create, 32
traffic performance testing, 17
triple play, 19

V
Video
area, 65
menu, 51
testing, 19
View menu, 51
viewing
graphs, 36
packet decode data, 39
statistics, 34
statistics table, 36
VPLS, 21
VPN, 29

W
warnings, 3
WEEE directive, 4

X
Xenpak
interfaces supported, 43
XP, XR, XS cards, 43

N2X Packets and Protocols Getting Started Guide 81