Convergence Of Interpolatory Polynomial Between Lagrange

And Hermite
Swarnima Bahadur1 and Varun2
1
Department Of Mathematics And Astronomy,University Of Lucknow,

Lucknow- 226007,U.P,India.E-mail: [email protected]

2
Department Of Mathematics And Astronomy,University Of Lucknow,

Lucknow- 226007,U.P,India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to study an interpolation problem ,which is an intermediate problem
between Lagrange and Hermite.We considered this problem on the nodes obtained by projecting
vertically the zeroes of the ( ) ( ) onto the unit circle,where ( ) stands for Legendre
polynomial.We prove the regularity of the problem, give explicit forms and establish a convergence
theorem for the same.

Keywords: Legendre polynomial, Explicit representation, Convergence.

AMS Mathematics Subject Classification(2010): 41A05,30E1

1. Introduction

In 1990 ,Tian Liang Tu [7] obtained the divergence and mean convergence of the Hermite interpolation
operator.In 1993,J.Prasad [6] studied the Hermite-Fejer interpolation of higher order on the n-distinct
zeroes of ( ) ( ) ,where ( ) is the Legendre polynomial.In 1998, S.Bahadur and
K.K.Mathur [3] proved the convergence of Quasi-Hermite interpolation on the nodes obtained by
projecting vertically the zeroes of ( ) ( ) onto the unit circle,where ( ) is the Legendre
polynomial.Later in 2001,L.Daruls and P.Gonzalez[4] gave an extension to the unit circle of the classical
Hermite-Fejer Theorem.In 2011, S.Bahadur [1] presented a method for computing the convergence of
Hermite interpolation polynomial onto the unit circle.

Later in 2016,Swarnima Bahadur and Sariya Bano [2]considered modified Hermite interpolation onto the
unit circle .Several authors have considered Hermite interpolation problem for different set of nodes
.These have motivated us to consider a problem between Lagrange and Hermite interpolation.

In this paper , we consider a interpolation problem on the nodes which are obtained by projecting
vertically the zeroes of the ( ) ( ) onto the unit circle.We prescribe the functional value at ±1,
whereas rfirst derivative at all other points.

In section 2, we give some preliminaries and in section 3, we describe the problem and give the existence
theorem of the interpolatory polynomials ,whereas in section 4, we give the explicit formulae of the
interpolatory polynomials .Lastly in section 5 and 6 ,we give estimates and convergence of interpolatory
polynomials respectively.
2. Preliminaries

In this section, we shall give some well known results .

(2.1) * ( ) }

be the vertical projections on unit circle of the zeroes of ( ) ( ), where ( ) stands for
Legendre polynomial having zeroes

( )

(2.2) ∏ ( ) ( )

( )
(2.3) ( )

(2.4) ( ) ( ) ( )

The differential equation satisfied by ( ) is

(2.5) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Fundamentals polynomials of Lagrange Interpolation based on the nodes as the zeroes of ( ) and ( )
respectively are given by
( )
(2.6) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )
(2.7) ( ) ( ) ( )

For we have ,

(2.8) | | √

(2.9) ( ) | ( )| √

(2.10) | ( )|

Let be the zeroes of ( ) then

(2.11) ( ) ( )

(2.12) | ( )|

3. The problem and the regularity

Let * ( ) + satisfying (2.1)

Here we are interested in determining the interpolatory polynomial ( ) of degree ≤ 2n+1 satisfying the
following conditions.

( )
(3.1) {
( ) ( )

where, and are arbitrary constants.

We establish convergence theorem for the same.

Theorem 3.1. ( ) is regular on .

Proof: It is sufficient, if we show the unique solution of (3.1) is ( )

In this case,let us consider

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ∫ ( )

Now satisfying conditions in (3.1) we have,

( ) ∫ ( )

As, ∫ ( ) which implies

So, ( ) . Hence the theorem follows.

4. Explicit representation of interpolatory polynomials

We shall write

(4.1) ( ) ∑ ( ) ∑ ( )

where, ( ) ( ) are unique polynomial ,each of degree at most satisfying the

conditions

( )
(4.2) {
( ) ( )

( ) ( )
(4.3) {
( ) ( )

Theorem 4.1. For ( ) we have

(4.4) ( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ( )

∫ ( )
( )∫ ( ) ( )
∫ ( )

Proof: Let ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ ( )

where, ( ) is atmost of degree satisfying the conditions given in (4.3) provides us with

( )
∫ ( )

Applying the conditions given in (4.3) for ( ) gives us

( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ∫ ( )

where,

Hence, we have theorem 4.2 .

Theorem 4.2. For

∫ ( )
(4.5) ( ) ( ) ( )
∫ ( )

Proof: Let ( ) ( ) ∫ ( )

where, ( ) is atmost of degree satisfying the conditions given in (4.2) provides us with

∫ ( )

and we have the desired result (4.6). Hence the theorem follows.

5.Estimation of fundamental polynomials

Lemma 5.1. Let ( ) be given by (4.4),then

∑ | ( )|

where, is a constant independent of .

Proof: Let ∑ | ( )|

Where ∑ |( ) ( )|

Using (2.2) (2.7) (2.8) (2.9) and (2.11).

(5.11)
 ∑| ∫ ( ) ( ) ( )∫ ( ) |

∑ ∫ |( )|| ( )| ( | |) ∫ | ( )|

Using (2.2) (2.7) (2.8) (2.9) (2.10)and (2.11).

(5.12)

∫ ( )
Now, ∑ | ( ) |
∫ ( )

|∫ ( ) |
∑ | ( )|
|∫ ( ) |

Using (2.2) and (2.10) we have

(5.13)

Combining (5.11) (5.12)and (5.13),our desired lemma follows.

Lemma 5.2. Let ( ) be given in theorem (4.2),then

∑ | ( )|

where, c is a constant independent of and .

Proof: ∑ | ( )| | ( )| | ( )|

| ( )| ( ) |∫ ( ) |
|∫ ( ) |

Using (2.2) and(2.10) , we have

(5.31) | ( )|

Similarly,

(5.32) | ( )|

Combining (5.31) and (5.32) we get lemma 5.2 .

6. Convergence

Theorem 6.1. Let ( ) be continuous for | | and analytic for | | Let the arbitrary ’s be such
that

(6.1) | | ( ( ))

Then * ( )+ defined by

(6.2) ( ) ∑ ( ) ( ) ∑ ( )

satisfies the relation,

(6.3) | ( ) ( )| ( ( ) ), where ( ) be the modulus of continuity of second

kind of ( )

Remark 6.1. Let ( ) be continuous for | | and analytic for | | and ,then the
sequence * ( )+ converge uniformly to ( ) in | | ,which follows from (6.3) as

(6.4) ( ) ( ) ( ),

To prove the theorem (6.1) , we shall need following

Let ( ) be continuous for | | and analytic for | | . Then there exists a polynomial ( ) of
degree satisfying Jackson’s inequality.

(6.5) | ( ) ( )| ( ) ( )

and also an inequality due to O.Kiŝ [3]

( )
(6.6) | ( )| ( ), ,where is a constant.

Proof: Since, ( ) be the uniquely determined of degree and the polynomial ( ) satisfying
(6.5) and (6.6) can be expressed as

( ) ∑ ( ) ( ) ∑ ( ) ( )

| ( ) ( )| | ( ) ( )| | ( ) ( )|

∑ | ( ) ( )|| ( )|

∑ (| | | ( )|) | ( )|

| ( ) ( )|

Using (6.1),(6.4),(6.5) lemma 5.2 and lemma 5.3 , we have the theorem 6.1.
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