LANGUAGE OF PROCESS: IELTS WRITING TASK 1

A process diagram is an illustration that shows you how something is done. It could be anything from the creation of a
product to the recycling cycle.

Generally, you’ll find two types of process questions. The first is a manufacturing process: something that humans do. The
second is a natural process: something that occurs in nature.

No matter what type of process the prompt asks you to write about, you can use the same kinds of process vocabulary IELTS
words and phrases in your response!

Words to Describe the Type of Words to Describe a Cycle or Words to Describe the Steps in the
Diagram Repetition Process
Verbs Nouns Adverbs
 Creates  Cycle  First/firstly
 Produces  Repetition  Second/secondly
 Makes  Repeats  After/afterwards/once
 Distributes  Loops  Next
 Moves  Continues indefinitely  Later
Adjectives  Recurs  Following
 Natural Adjectives  Subsequently
 Human-produced  Cyclical  Finally/lastly
 Man-made  Repetitious  During
 Cyclical  While
 Linear  Meanwhile
 step(s) Nouns
 Step
 Stage
 Phrase
 1. Rewrite the introduction

You have to re-write the introduction in your own words. If you use words that are already given in the Task, the examiner
will NOT COUNT them in the overall 150 words, because these words are NOT YOUR OWN words, and they want you to
use your own words.

 One way to do use your own words is to keep the basic sentence structure but use synonyms.
 Remember that it is impossible and unnatural to change every single word, so just change a few.

e.g. The diagram shows the stages involved in the process of making leather goods.

Re-write as: The images illustrate the steps involved in the production of leather goods.

This is a safe option, as it keeps the same sentence structure.

Watch out!

 Check where you put the ‘s’ when you use ‘the diagram showS‘ (3rd person ‘s‘) or ‘the imageS show’ (plural
‘s‘). This is a common mistake.

You could also use a more complex sentence structure: change the word order and use the verb in the Passive

e.g. The diagram illustrates how animal skins are processed in order to produce a range of leather items such as shoes,
handbags and toys.

Using the Passive Tense gives you an instantly sophisticated, complex and academic option.

Here’s another example:

e.g. The illustration depicts the numerous steps involved in the treatment of animal skins before they are turned into

Watch out!

 Remember that you should NOT use any opinion or any external/background facts.

2. Use the Passive Tense

The diagram gives you several of the verbs that you need to describe each stage e.g. drying, soaking, polishing, flattening.

Again, you have the problem of avoiding using these words exactly as they are in the text.

So using the Passive Tense gives you an easy solution.

Even better, when describing a process you only use the Present Simple Passive.
  The only thing you have to worry about is whether you need Singular or  Plural. Both are possible here and
both are correct.

e.g. The skins ARE dried OR The skin IS dried. 

The skins ARE polished OR The leather IS polished.

Quick review of Passive Tense

Basic structure: Thing(s) + be + past participle

Leather + is + dried 

Skins + are + dried

Past Participle – in Purple to help you remember! These can be regular (just add ‘-ed’ but watch out for spelling changes
like dry-dried, stop-stopped)

The verb ‘to be’ – I put this in orange to help you remember that you need to CHANGE this verb depending on Number and
Tense. 

3. Use a variety of linking words

One problem many people have is that they just put the linking words at the start of the sentence. This can sound repetitive,
and it is important not to OVERUSE linking words.

 Don’t choose a different linking word for the start of every sentence. Use some in the middle

e.g. the process by which leather is treated, the liquid in which the skins are soaked, the place where the skins are
flattened.

Compare these two versions:

Version 1: simple, accurate but a little ‘mechanical’

The skin is dried. Then it is taken to a factory. In the factory it is washed in water and lime, then soaked in lime and flattened
and submerged in tannin. After that it is polished and taken to another factory. In the factory it is turned into leather goods.

Version 2: More fluent and natural

In the initial stages of the process, the skin is dried before being taken to a factory where it undergoes two
treatments. Firstly it is washed with water and lime, followed by a soak in lime and then flattened, after which it is
submerged in tannin.

The last stage involves polishing the leather with a roller. The pieces are subsequently transported to a processing
factory where they are made into a number of items in preparation for shipping.

4. Write an overview

This is the most essential part of ANY Task 1.

If you don’t write an overview, you are limited to a Band 5 for Task Achievement.

But what can you say that you haven’t already said?

Many people DO just repeat what they’ve already said e.g.

‘Overall, the diagram shows that many items can be made from leather.’

This is better than no overview, but it is too obvious, too vague and there is no analysis.

 You need to say something noticeable about the process.

Here are some examples:

Overall, the diagram shows that, despite the fact that the process of treating animal skins so that they can be made into
everyday household items is done mostly in factories with the help of machinery, it is still lengthy and complex, involving
several stages.

5. Add the ‘Band 7+’ finishing touches

In 4 steps, you have completed all that needs to be done for a very good Task 1.

But what if you want to make it even better? Have a look at this final example – what kind of changes have been made to
give it a little extra magic?

The diagram illustrates how animal skins are processed in order to produce a range of leather items such as shoes, handbags
and toys.

In the initial stages of the process, the skin is air-dried before being loaded onto trucks and taken to a nearby factory
where it undergoes two chemical treatments to clean and soften it. Firstly it is washed with a mixture of water and lime,
and then it is soaked in concentrated/pure lime and pushed through a rolling machine in order to flatten it, after which it
is submerged in a vat of tannin, which is a substance derived from vegetables.

The last stage involves polishing the leather with a roller to improve its appearance. The pieces are subsequently
transported by road to a processing factory where they are made into a number of everyday products like footwear and
sports items in preparation for shipping.

Overall, the diagram shows that, despite the fact that the process of treating animal skins is done mostly in factories with the
help of machinery, it is still lengthy and complex, involving several stages.   

You can:

 say WHY something is done (in order to.., so that…) (to soften the leather, to remove impurities)
 give extra details (transported by road, which is a substance, a mixture of)
 give more examples (like footwear and sports items)
 add adjectives (air-dried, everyday products, a nearby factory)

All of these will show the examiner how fluent and flexible you are in describing a process!

Yes, you only have 20 minutes to do all of this.

But if you have a clear strategy, and you’ve practiced using these strategies before the exam, with a variety of different types
of processes, you will be equipped with all the skills and knowledge you need to write a really excellent Task 1 Process
Description.
Exercise