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COURSES GROUPS RESOURCES MORE

PHIL.1009: SECTION - C2

chapter two

TEST-2 BASIC CONCEPTS IN ARGUMENTS Submissions Disabled Grade: 47/60

My Submissions Test/Quiz

Yohannes Taye Submission 2

1/1 Question 1
A table's being square is ________________ condition, for its having four sides.
a. a sufficient

b. both necessary and sufficient

c. necessary

d. both necessary and sufficient

1/1 Question 2
Today's being neither Saturday nor Sunday is ______________  condition for today's being a
weekday
a. both a necessary and a sufficient

b. only necessary condition

c. neither a necessary and a sufficient

d. only necessary sufficient

1/1 Question 3
which one of the following not among premise indicators?
a. since

b. inasmuch as

c. whence

d. owing to

1/1 Question 4
"The encyclopedia aethiopica says that Rasdasheen is taller than Kilimanjaro In general, the
encyclopedia aethiopica is a highly reliable source of information. Therefore, it’s probably
true that Rasdasheen is taller than Kilimanjaro ."

 the passage is 

a. Argument from Authority

b. Causal Argument

c. Predictive Argument

d. Argument based on sign

1/1 Question 5

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The pace of reading, clearly, depends entirely upon the reader. He may read as slowly
or as rapidly as he can or wishes to read. If he does not understand something, he may
stop and reread it, or go in search of elucidation before continuing. The reader can
accelerate his pace when the material is easy or less than interesting, and can slow
down when it is difficult or enthralling. If what he reads is moving he can put down the
book for a few moments and cope with his emotions without fear of losing anything.
a. explanation

b. illustration

c. expository passage

d. Argument

0/1 Question 6
In the strict sense of the terms, ‘‘inference’’ and ‘‘argument’’ have exactly the same
meaning.
True

False

1/1 Question 7
some arguments can have more than one conclusion.
True

False

1/1 Question 8
The existence of indicator words provides a grantee for a passage to be an argument 
True

False

0/1 Question 9
being tall is a ________________________ condition for being successful footballer.

a. sufficient

b. neither necessary nor sufficient

c. both necessary and sufficient

d. necessary

0/1 Question 10
the passage "There are three familiar states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Solid
objects ordinarily maintain their shape and volume regardless of their location. A liquid
occupies a definite volume, but assumes the shape of the occupied portion of its
container. A gas maintains neither shape nor volume. It expands to fill completely
whatever container it is in."  can best described as 
a. Argument

b. expository passage

c. explanation

d. loosely associated statement

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1/1 Question 11
Having a married brother is_____________________ condition for being an aunt
a. necessary

b. neither a necessary nor a sufficient

c. sufficient

d. both a necessary nor a sufficient

1/1 Question 12
 An argument that presents two alternatives and eliminates one, leaving the other as
the conclusion, is ___________
a. a hypothetical syllogism

b. disjunctive syllogism

c. categorical syllogism

d. All of the above

0/1 Question 13
 Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid.
True

False

1/1 Question 14
_________   a kind of logic that involves such notions as possibility, necessity, belief, and
doubt. 
a. modal logic

b. syllogistic logic

c. categorical logic

d. hypothetical logic

1/1 Question 15
 _is a sentence that is either true or false—in other words, typically a declarative
sentence or a sentence component that could stand as a declarative sentence.

   Statement is a sentence that is either true or false—in other words, typically a

declarative sentence or a sentence component that could stand as a declarative
sentence.

1/1 Question 16
The _are the statements that set forth the reasons or evidence, and the _s the
statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply. 

The   Premises are the statements that set forth the reasons or evidence, and the  
Conclusion s the statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply. 

Question 17
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1/1 Which of the following are all inductive arguments?

a. Arguments from authority, arguments from analogy, causal inf

b. Causal inferences, hypothetical syllogisms, predictions.

c. Hypothetical syllogisms, arguments from definition, disjunctive syllogism

d. Categorical syllogisms, arguments from authority, arguments based on signs.

0/1 Question 18
Thomas being a father is ________ condition form him to be male.
a. neither necessary and sufficient

b. sufficient condition

c. both necessary and sufficient

d. necessary condition

1/1 Question 19
A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion.
True

False

1/1 Question 20
Whenever iron is exposed to oxygen, it rusts.

This iron pipe has been exposed to oxygen.

Therefore, it will rust

a. argument based on authority

b. causal inference

c. argument based on analogy

d. all of the above

1/1 Question 21
Ojulu being older than Balcha is a ______________ condition for Balcha being younger than Ojulu. 

a. both a necessary and a sufficient condition

b. necessary

c. sufficient

d. neither a necessary and a sufficient condition

0/1 Question 22
The three main parts of a neuron are the dendrites, cell body, and axon. The dendrites
receive message from other neurons and pass it along to the cell body. The cell body
decides whether the information should be passed on to other neurons. If it decides it
should, then it does so by means of an electrical impulse that travels down the axon.
When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, it triggers chemical communication with
other neurons
a. Argument; conclusion: The cell body decides ... to other neurons

b. Argument; conclusion: The three main parts ... and axon.

c. Argument; conclusion: The dendrites ... along to the cell body.

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d. Nonargument.

1/1 Question 23
 ____________  consists of a statement about a certain subject combined with a reference
to one or more specific instances intended to exemplify that statement.
a. warning

b. statement of beliefs and opinions

c. illustrations

d. Arguments

1/1 Question 24
Unlike monkeys, today’s humans have feet that are not suited for grasping objects.
Therefore, a thousand years from now, probably humans will still have feet that are
not suited for grasping objects
a. argument based on prediction

b. argument based on analogy

c. argument based on authority

d. inductive generalization

0/1 Question 25
which of the following true about the relationship between argument and conditional
statements 
a. a single conditional statement can be an argument

b. a single conditional statement can never be expressed to form an argument

c. a group of conditional statement can form an argument

d. all of the above

1/1 Question 26
____________  is a group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed
to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion). 
a. Argument

b. Logic

c. proposition

d. statement

1/1 Question 27
A cogent argument may have a probably false conclusion.
True

False

1/1 Question 28
give an example for strong argument with the premises false and conclusion probably
true.

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Every Ethiopian citizen has been a solider.

So, the next Ethiopian citizens probably will be a solider.

1/1 Question 29
give an example for valid argument with premises false and conclusion true.
All birds are mammals.

Dog is a bird.

Therefore, dog is a mammal.

0/1 Question 30
_________ treated every proposition as either true or false and developed rules for
determining the truth or falsity of compound propositions from the truth or falsity of
their components
a. Aristotle

b. Chrysippus

c. Plato

d. peter Abelard

1/1 Question 31
which of the following not deductive argument
a. valid argument

b. strong argument

c. sound argument

d. invalid argument

1/1 Question 32
Wanting to succeed is __________________ condition for success
a. necessary

b. sufficient

c. neither a necessary nor a sufficient

d. both a necessary nor a sufficient

1/1 Question 33
which of the following one should look for in deciding whether a passage contain an
argument or not 
a. indicator words such as ‘‘therefore,’’ ‘‘since,’’ ‘‘because,’’ ...

b. an inferential relationship between the statements

c. typical kinds of non-arguments.

d. All of the above

1/1 Question 34
All Swans in the northern pole of the earth are found to be white.

Therefore, the next swan in the north pole of the earth will also be found to be white.
a. deductive argument

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b. inductive argument

c. none of the above

0/1 Question 35
which one of the following valid argument form?
a. If A then B.
If C then B.
Therefore, if A then C.

b. If A then B.

If C then B.
Therefore, if C then A.

c. If B then A.

If C then B.
Therefore, if A then C

d. If B then A.

If C then B.
Therefore, if C then A.

1/1 Question 36
give an example for strong argument with the premises true and conclusion probably
true.
No previous U.S.A president has been a women.

So, the next U.S.A president will not be a women.

1/1 Question 37
in a conditional statement, the component statement immediately following the ‘‘if’’ is
called the _, and the one following the ‘‘then’’ is called the _.

in a conditional statement, the component statement immediately following the ‘‘if’’ is

called the   Antecedent , and the one following the ‘‘then’’ is called the  
Consequent .

1/1 Question 38
if a condition "p" is sufficient for a condition "q" then we know that
a. "p" provides a guarantee for the existence of "q"

b. we can not think of factors that makes the existence of "q" possible without "p"

c. The existence of "Q" is absolutely linked to the existence of "p"

d. all of the above

1/1 Question 39
 An argument that predicts what will happen in the future, based upon what has
happened in the past, is an inductive argument.
True

False

1/1 Question 40
__________  is an inductive argument that is strong and has all true premises

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a. sound argument

b. unsound argument

c. cogent argument

d. uncogent argument

1/1 Question 41
Having a married brother is_____________________ condition for being an aunt
a. neither a necessary nor a sufficient

b. both a necessary nor a sufficient

c. sufficient

d. necessary

1/1 Question 42
which of the following not statement ?
a. question

b. suggestion

c. exclamation

d. proposal

e. All of the above

1/1 Question 43
Since Ethiopia is north of Kenya and south of Eritrea, it follows that Kenya is south of
Eritrea 
a. valid ----- sound

b. invalid ---- unsound

c. strong ----- cogent

d. weak ---- uncogent

0/1 Question 44
being male is _____________condition for being a father
a. both necessary and sufficient

b. a necessary

c. a sufficient

d. neither necessary nor sufficient

1/1 Question 45
in the passage "The Challenger spacecraft exploded after liftoff because an O-ring
failed in one of the booster rockets."  "The Challenger spacecraft exploded after liftoff "
is 
a. conclusion

b. explanans

c. premise

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d. explanandum

1/1 Question 46
Deductive arguments always proceed from the general to the particular whereas 
Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general.
True

False

1/1 Question 47
____________  is a kind of discourse that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or
more sentences that develop the topic sentence. 
a. illustration

b. explanation

c. conditional statement

d. expository passage

1/1 Question 48
Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.
a. argument based on authority

b. argument based on analogy

c. argument based on sign

d. causal inference

1/1 Question 49
give an example for valid argument with both the premises and conclusion true.
If he listen you voice , you are talking.

He listen you're voice.

Therefore, you are talking.

1/1 Question 50
which of the following statements is false ?
a. The form of argumentation the arguer uses may allow one to determine whether an argument is inductive
or deductive.

b. The actual strength of the link between premises and conclusion may allow one to determine whether an
argument is inductive or deductive.

c. A geometrical proof is an example of an inductive argument.

d. If the conclusion of an argument follows merely from the definition of a word used in a premise, the
argument is deductive.

1/1 Question 51
give an example for valid argument with both the premises and conclusion false.
All dogs are cats.

All cats are rats.

Therefore, all dogs are rats.

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0/1 Question 52
strength, like validity, requires truth value to be identified 
True

False

1/1 Question 53
give an example for strong argument with the premises false and conclusion probably
false.
All previous Ethiopian kings have been women.

Therefore, itvis likely that the next Ethiopian king will be woman.

0/1 Question 54
Being more than 6 feet (183 centimeters) tall is _____________ condition for being 6 feet 3 inches
(190.5 centimeters) tall.
a. a sufficient

b. a necessary

c. neither necessary and sufficient condition

d. both necessary and sufficient condition

1/1 Question 55
In an inductive argument, the conclusion contain more information than the premises.
True

False

0/1 Question 56
"Each element and compound is a pure substance. However, most materials are neither
single elements nor single compounds. Instead, they are mixtures of these simple
substances, with one substance mingled with another. Thus, gasoline is a mixture of
hydrocarbons and additives blended together to achieve efficient combustion."

the passage is 

 
a. Nonargument

b. Argument, conclusion: They are mixtures ... one substance mingled with another.

c. Argument, conclusion: Most materials are neither ... nor single compounds.

d. Argument, conclusion: Each element and compound is a pure substance.

1/1 Question 57
_________ , a genius in numerous fields, attempted to develop a symbolic language or
‘‘calculus’’ that could be used to settle all forms of disputes, whether in theology,
philosophy, or international relations. 
a. Chrysippus

b. Leibniz

c. Peter Abelard

d. William of Occam

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1/1 Question 58
Which of the following are all nonarguments?
a. Illustrations, predictions, warnings

b. Conditional statements, explanations, statements of belief.

c. Syllogisms, predictions, expository passages

d. Expository passages, opinions, generalizations.

1/1 Question 59
The actual strength of the link between premises and conclusion may allow one to
determine whether an argument is inductive or deductive.
True

False

1/1 Question 60
Eight is greater than four.

Four is greater than two.

Therefore, eight is greater than two

a. DEDUCTIVE --- VALID

b. STRONG---- COGENT

c. INDUCTIVE ---- STRONG

d. DEDUCTIVE ------- INVALID

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