Frank Ian E.

Escorsa
PHYS101-A15

ELASTICITY PROBLEMS

1. A spring is stretched 0.115 m when a 2.0 N weight is hung from it. What is the modulus for the spring?
Data Equation Math Answer

x = 0.115 m
k=F÷x K = 2.0 ÷ 0.115 17.4 N/m
F = 2.0 N

2. A spring is hanging empty at 83.4 cm. When 4 N are attached, it reaches to 54.5 cm. What is the modulus for
the spring?
Data Equation Math Answer

hi =0.834 m x = |0.545 – 0.834| = 0.289

k=F÷x 13.8 N/m
F=4N k = 4 ÷ 0.289
x= |hf – hi|
hf = 0.545m
3. What is the force needed to stretch a spring, with a k = 13 N/m a total of 0.16 m?
Data Equation Math Answer

k = 13 N/m
F = kx F = 13 (0.16) 2.08 N
x = 0.16 m

4. A spring has a k = 28 hangs at 85.4 cm above the tabletop. How high above the table will the bottom of the
spring be if 6.5 N are applied to the spring?
Data Equation Math Answer

k = 28 hf = |hi - x| x = 6.5 ÷ 28 = 0.232

0.622 m
hi = 0.854 m x=F÷k hf = 0.854 – 0.232

F = 6.5 N

5. The bottom of a spring with a k = 24.5 N/m is 0.125 m above a tabletop when 12.5 N are attached. If the weight
is removed, how far above the tabletop will the spring hang?
Data Equation Math Answer

k = 24.5 N/m hi = hf + x x = 12.5 ÷ 24.5 = 0.510

0.635 m
hf = 0.125 m x=F÷k hf = 0.125 + 0.510

F = 12.5 N

6. A 250 g mass is hung from a spring that stretches from 93.4 cm to 62.2 cm. What is the k for the spring?
Data Equation Math Answer

m = 0.250 kg k = F÷ x x = 0.622 – 0.934 = 0.312

7.86 N/m
hi = 0.934 m x = |hf - hi| F = 0.250 (9.81) = 2.45 N

hf = 0.622 m F = mg k = 2.45/0.312

7. A spring with a k = 15.3 N/m hangs 3.5 cm above a tabletop when a 400 g mass is hung from it. If the mass
were removed, how far above the tabletop will be the bottom of the spring?
Data Equation Math Answer

k = 15.3 N/m hi = hf + x F = 0.4 (9.81) = 3.92 N

0.291 m
hf = 0.035 m x=F÷k x = 3.92/15.3 = 0.256 m
Or 29.1 cm
m = 0.400 kg F = mg hi = 0.035 + 0.256
8. The heels on a pair of women’s shoes have a radius of .5 cm at the bottom. If 30% of the weight of a
woman480N is supported by each heel, find the stress on each heel.
Data Equation Math Answer

F= = 480(0.30) = Stress = F/A A = (3.14) (0.005)2 = 7.85 x 10-5

144 N
r = 0.005 m A = πr2 Stress = 144/7.85 x 10-5 1.83 x 106 N/m2

9. Find the diameter of an 18 m (L) long steel wire that will stretch no more than 0.009 m(L) when a load
(stress) of 3800 N is hung on the end of the wire. The Young’s Modulus for steel wire is 200 x
109 N/m2.
Data Equation Math Answer
(3800)(18)
𝐴= = 3.8 𝑥 10−5
(200 X 109 )(0.009)
L = 18 m D = 2r
ΔL = 0.009 m −5
F = 3800 N
𝑟 = �𝐴 𝑟 = �3.8 𝑥 10 = 3.48x 10-3 6.96x10-3 m
Y = 200 x 109 N/m2 3.14
𝜋

𝐹𝐿 D = 2(3.48x 10-3)
𝐴=
𝑌∆𝐿

10. For safety in climbing mountaineers use a nylon rope that is 50 m long (L) and 0.01 m in diameter. When
supporting a 900 N climber the rope stretches 1.6 m (L) under tension. Find the Young’s Modulus (Y)
forthe rope
Data Equation Math Answer

L = 50 m 𝐹𝐿 r = 0.01/2 = 0.005
𝑌=
D = 0.01m 𝐴∆𝐿 3.58 x 108 N/m2
2 -5
F = 900 N A = (3.14)(0.005) = 7.85 x 10
L = 1.6 m 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2
(900)(50)
r = D/2 𝑌=
(7.85 x 10−5)(0.01)
 VIBRATORY MOTION PROBLEM

1. A mass of 2 kg is attached to a spring with constant 18 N/m. It is then displaced to the point
x = 2. How much time does it take for the block to travel to the point x = 1?
Solution:

σ= = = =3

= cosσt

= cos3t

3t = cos-1

t= = .35 seconds

2. A 4 kg mass attached to a spring is observed to oscillate with a period of 2 seconds. What

is the period of oscillation if a 6 kg mass is attached to the spring?
Solution:
T = 2Π

k= = = 4Π2

T = 2Π = 2Π = = 2.45 seconds

3. A mass of 2 kg oscillating on a spring with constant 4 N/m passes through its equilibrium
point with a velocity of 8 m/s. What is the energy of the system at this point? From your
answer derive the maximum displacement, xm of the mass.
Solution:

K = mv2 = (2)(8)2 = 64 Joules

Ef = Eo

kxm2 = mv2 = 64
xm = = = 4 meters
4. Students are doing the Period of a Pendulum Lab. They observe that a pendulum makes
exactly 10 complete back and forth cycles of motion in 31.8sec. Determine the period of
the pendulum.
Solution:
T=Time for 10 oscillations = 31.8 s = 3.18 s.
10 10
T=3.18 s

5. A ball of mass 2kg is attached to a string of length 4m, forming a pendulum. If the string
is raised to have an angle of 30 degrees below the horizontal and released, what is the
velocity of the ball as it passes through its lowest point?
Solution:
F = √2gh
From this, we can write:
4=d+h
h=4−d
Using the length of string and the angle it's held at, we can solve for d:
d=4sin(30∘)=2
h=4−d=4−2=2
Now that we have all our information, we can solve for the final velocity:
vf = √2⋅10⋅2 = √40 = 6.3m/s

6. A pendulum has a period of 5 seconds. If the length of the string of the pendulum is
quadrupled, what is the new period of the pendulum?
Solution:
We need to know how to calculate the period of a pendulum to solve this problem. The
formula for period is:
P=2π√L/g
In the problem, we are only changing the length of the string. Therefore, we can rewrite
the equation for each scenario:
P1 = (2π/√g) √L1
P2 = (2π/√g) √L2
Dividng one expression by the other, we get a ratio:
P1/P2 = √L1/√L2
We know that L2=4L1, so we can rewrite the expression as:
P1/P2= √L1/√4L1 = √1/4 = 1/2
Rearranging for P2, we get:
P2 = 2P1= 2(5s) = 10s
7. A pendulum of length 10m will take how long to complete one period of its swing?
Solution:
The period of a pendulum is given by the following formula:
T=2π/√g/L
Substituting our values, we obtain:
T= 2π/√10/10 = 2π/1 ≈ 6.3s

8. A pendulum of length 2.5m has a mass of 15kg attached to the bottom. Determine the
frequency of the pendulum if it is released from a shallow angle.
Solution:
The frequency of a pendulum is given by:
ω = √g/L
Where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the gravity constant. Notice how the
frequency is independent of mass. Plugging in values:
ω = √9.8/2.5
ω = 1.98/s
9. A simple pendulum of length L = 0.6m with a block of mass m = 5kg attached has a
maximum velocity of 1.2 m/s2. What is the maximum height of the block?
Solution:
Substituting expressions in for each term:
12mvi2 = mghf
Eliminating mass and rearranging for final height, we get:
hf = v2/2g
Plugging in our values, we get:
hf =(1.2m/s)2/2(10m/s2)
hf = 0.07m

10. A simple pendulum with a length of L = 2m has a block of mass m = 6kg attached to the
end. If the pendulum is h = 1m above its lowest point and rotating downward, what is the
instantaneous acceleration of the block?
Solution:
We can use the following expression to determine the net force acting on the block in the
direction of its motion:
Fnet = mgsin(θ)
Then we can use Newton's 2nd law to determine the instantaneous acceleration:
Fnet = ma = mgsin(θ)
Canceling out mass and rearranging for acceleration:
a = gsin(θ)
a = (10m/s2)(1/2)
a = 5m/s2
 FLUID MOTION PROBLEMS

1. Water flow through a rubber hose 2cm in diameter at a velocity of 4m/s. What is the rate
of flow rate of flow in m3/min?
Solution:
R = v1A1, A1 = d12/4
R1 = v1(  d12/ 4) = ((4m/s)  (0.02 m)2) / 4
R1 = 0.00126 m3/s
R1 = (0.00126m3/min) (1min/60s)
R1 = 0.0754 m3/min

2. Water flows through a rubber hose 2cm in diameter at a velocity of 4 m/s. What must be
the diameter of the nozzle in order that the water emerge at 16 m/s?
Solution:
d22 = v1d12/v2 = ((4 m/s)(2 cm)2)/(20 cm)2
d2 = 0.894 cm

3. Water flowing at 4 m/s passes through a Venturi tube as shown. If h = 12, what is the
velocity of the water in the constriction?
Solution:
2gh = v22 - v12
v2 = √(2gh + v12)
v2 = √(2(9.8 m/s2 )(0.12 m) + (4 m/s)2)
v2 = 4.28 m/s

4. A dam springs a leak at a point 20m below the surface. What is the emergent velocity?
Solution:
v = √2gh
v = √(2(9.8 m/s)(20m))
v = 19.8 m/s2
5. A vertical tube of radius 1 cm, open at the top to the atmosphere, contains 2 cm of oil (ρoil
= 0.82ρwater) floating on 3 cm of water. What is the gauge pressure (pressure more than
atmospheric) at the bottom?
Solution:
pgauge = ρoilghoil + ρwaterghwater
pgauge = ρwaterg(0.82hoil + hwater)
pgauge = (1000 kg/m3)(9.8 m/s 2 )[0.82(0.02 m) + 0.03 m]
pgauge = 460 Pa.

6. Find the lift on an airplane wing of area 50 m2 if the velocity of air at the upper and lower
parts is 90 m/s and 70 m/s respectively.
Solution:
L = (p1 − p2)A = 1/ 2 ρair(v22 − v21 )A = 1/2 (1.16 kg/m3 )[(90 m/s)2 − (70 m/s)2 ](50 m2)
= 9.3 × 104 N.

7. A container filled with water and there is a hole. If acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s-2,
what is the speed of water through that hole?
Height (h) = 85 cm – 40 cm = 45 cm = 0.45 meters
Solution:
vt2 = 2gh
2
vt = 2gh = 2(10)(0.45) = 9
vt = √9 = 3 m/s

8. A container filled with water and there is a hole. If acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms-2,
what is the speed of water through that hole.
Solution:
Height (h) = 1.5 m – 0.25 m = 1.25 meters
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2
vt2 = 2gh = 2(10)(1.25) = 25
vt = √25 = 5 m/s

9. A container filled with water and there is a hole. If acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms-2,
what is the speed of water through that hole?
Solution:

Height (h) = 1m – 0.20m = 0.8 meter

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2

 vt2 = 2gh = 2(10)(0.8) = 16

vt = √16 = 4 m/s

10. If the diameter of the larger pipe is 2 times the diameter of smaller pipe, what is the speed
of fluid at the smaller pipe.

Solution:

Diameter of the larger pipe (d1) = 2

Radius of the larger pipe (r1) = ½ d1 = ½ (2) = 1

Area of the larger pipe (A1) = π r12 = π (1)2 = π (1) = π

Diameter of the smaller pipe (d2) = 1

Radius of the smaller pipe (r2) = ½ d2 = ½ (1) = ½

Area of the smaller pipe (A2) = π r22 = π (1/2)2 = π (1/4) = ¼ π

The speed of fluid at the larger pipe (v1) = 4 m/s

A1 v1 = A2 v2
π 4 = ¼ π (v2)
4 = ¼ (v2)
v2 = 8 m/s
 TEMPERATURE AND HEAT PROBLEMS

1. A metal rod heated from 30oC to 80oC. The final length of the rod is 115 cm. The coefficient
of linear expansion is 3.10-3 oC-1. What is the initial length of the metal rod?
Solution:
The equation of the linear expansion:

L = Lo + ΔL
L = Lo + α Lo ΔT
L = Lo (1 + α ΔT)
115 = Lo (1 + 3.10-3.50)
115 = Lo (1 + 150.10-3)
115 = Lo (1 + 0.15)
115 = Lo (1.15)
Lo = 115 / 1.15
Lo = 100 cm

2. The initial length of a brass rod is 40 cm. After heated, the final length of the brass is
40.04cm and the final temperature is 80oC. If the coefficient of linear expansion of the
brass is 2.0 x 10-5 oC–1, what is the initial temperature of the brass rod.
Solution:

ΔL = α Lo (T2 – T1)

0.04 = (2.0 x 10-5)(40)(80 – T1)

0..04 = (80 x 10-5)(80 – T1)

0.04 = 0.0008 (80 – T1)

0.04 = 0.064 – 0.0008 T1

0..0008 T1 = 0.064 – 0.040

0.0008 T1 = 0.024

T1 = 30oC
3. 100-gram oil at 20oC and 50-gram iron at 75 oC are placed in 200-gram iron container. The
increase in temperature of the container is 5oC and the specific heat of oil is 0.43 cal/g oC.
What is the specific heat of the iron?
Solution:
Heat released by iron:
Q = m c ΔT = (50)(c)(75-25) = (50)(c)(50) = 2500c calorie
Heat absorbed by the iron container:
Q = m c ΔT = (200)(c)(25-20) = (200)(c)(5) = 1000c calorie
Heat absorbed by oil:
Q = m c ΔT = (100)(0.43)(25-20) = (43)(5) = 215 calorie
Black principle states that in a isolated system, heat released by the hotter object,
absorbed by the cooler object.
Q release = Q absorb
2500c = 1000c + 215
2500c – 1000c = 215
1500c = 215
c = 215/1500
c = 0.143 cal/g oC

4. A 200-gram water at 20°C placed in 50-gram ice at -2°C. If the change of heat just between
water and ice, what is the final temperature of the mixture? The specific heat of water is 1
cal/gr°C, the specific heat of ice is 0.5 cal/gr°C, the heat of fusion for ice is 80 cal/gr.
Solution:
Heat to increases ice from -2oC to 0oC:
Q = m c ΔT
Q = (50 gram)(0.5 cal/gr°C)(0oC – (-2oC))
Q = (50)(0.5 cal)(2)
Q = 50 calorie
Heat for melting all ice :
Q = m L = (50 gram)(80 cal/gram) = 4000 calorie
Heat for decrease temperature of all water from 20oC to 0oC :
Q = m c ΔT
Q = (200 gram)(1 cal/gr°C)(0oC – (20oC))
Q = (200)(1 cal)(-20)
Q = -4000 calorie
5. A 200-gram aluminum at 20oC placed in 100-gram water at 80oC in a container. The
specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 cal/g oC and the specific heat of water is 1 cal/g oC. What
is the final temperature of aluminum?
Solution:
mwater c (ΔT) = maluminum c (ΔT)
(100)(1)(80 – T) = (200)(0.22)(T – 20)
(100)(80 – T) = (44)(T – 20)
8000 – 100T = 44T – 880
8000 + 880 = 44T + 100T
8880 = 144T
T = 62oC

6. A 50-gram metal at 85 °C placed in 50 gram water at 29.8 °C. The specific heat of water =
1 cal.g -1 .°C—1. The final temperature is 37 °C. What is the specific heat of metal?
Solution:
mmetal c (ΔT) = mwater c (ΔT)
(50)(c)(85 – 37) = (50)(1)(37 – 29.8)
(c)(85 – 37) = (1)(37 – 29.8)
48 c = 7.2
c = 0.15 cal.g -1 .°C-1

7. A block of ice with mass of 50-gram at 0°C and 200-gram water at 30°C, placed in a
container. If the specific heat of water is 1 cal.g– 1 °C –1 and the heat of fusion for ice is
80 cal.g –1. What is the final temperature of the mixture?
Solution:
(mwater)(cwater)(ΔT) = (mice)(Lice) + (mice)(cwater)(ΔT)
(200)(1)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(1)(T-0)
(200)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(T-0)
6000 – 200T = 4000 + 50T – 0
6000 – 4000 = 50T + 200T
2000 = 250T
T = 2000/250
T = 8o C

8. 5.0 g of copper was heated from 20°C to 80°C. How much energy was used to heat Cu?
(Specific heat capacity of Cu is 0.092 cal/g. °C)
Solution:
Q = mcΔT
= 5×0.092×(80∘−20∘)
Q = 27.6cal
9. If a 3.1 g ring is heated using 10.0 calories, its temperature rises 17.9°C. Calculate the
specific heat capacity of the ring.
Solution:
c = Q/m(Tf−Ti)
= 10/3.1×17.9∘C
c = 0.18cal/g⋅∘C

10. A 4.50 g coin of copper absorbed 54 calories of heat. What was the final temperature of
the copper if the initial temperature was 25°C? The specific heat of copper is 0.092
cal/g.°C.
Solution:
Tf = (Q/mc) + Ti
= 0.092×4.554+25∘
Tf = 155.43∘C
 WAVE MOTION PROBLEMS

1. If the frequency of tuning fork is 400Hz and the velocity of sound in air is 320 m/s, find
how far the sound travels while the tuning fork makes 30 vibrations.
Solution:
Given, Frequency, n = 400Hz
velocity of sound, v = 320 m/s
wavelength, λ =?
No. of vibration made = 30
By using the relation, v = nλ
λ = v/n = 320/400 = 0.8 m
Distance travelled by sound = Wavelength X No. of Vibrations
= 0.8 X 30
Distance travelled by sound = 24.0 m

2. A tuning fork produces sound waves of wavelength 68 cm. If the velocity of sound is 340
m/s. What is the frequency of tuning fork?
Solution:
v = nλ
340 = n x 0.68
n = 340 / 0.68
n = 500 Hz

3. A body vibrating with certain frequency sends waves 1.5 m long through a medium and
2.0 m long through medium B. The velocity of waves in A is 120 m/s. Find the velocity in
B.
Solution:
In medium A. wavelength, λ1= 1.5 m
velocity, v1 = 120 m s−1
n = v1 /
λ1
= 120 / 1.5
= 80 Hz
In medium B. Frequency, n = 80Hz
wavelength, λ2 = 2.0 m
therefore, velocity, v2 = n X λ2
= 80 X 2.0
= 160.0 m s−1
B = 160 m/s
4. A tuning fork makes one complete vibration in 1/200 second and the velocity of sound
waves is 340 m/s. Find the wavelength of the sound given out by the tuning fork.
Solution:
Frequency, n = 1/T = 200 vib. /Second
Wavelength, λ =?
v = nλ
λ = v / n = 340/200 = 1.7 m

5. If a tuning fork vibrates with a frequency of 512 Hz to produce sound waves which travel
with a velocity of 330 m s−1, find the wavelength?
Solution:
v = nλ
λ = v/n = 330/512 = 0.644m

6. The velocity of radio waves is 3 × 108 m s−1. Find the wavelength of radio waves being
broadcast at a frequency of 500 KHz.
Solution:
v = nλ
λ = v/n = 3 × 108 /500000
λ = 600m

7. A string has both ends kept fixed, produces a fundamental tone with a frequency of 420
Hz. Determine the third overtone.
Solution:
First overtone (f2) = 2 f1 = 2 (420 Hz) = 840 Hz
Second overtone (f3) = 3 f1 = 3 (420 Hz) = 1260 Hz
Third overtone (f4) = 4 f1 = 4 (420 Hz) = 1680 Hz

8. As shown in the figure below, one end connected to the vibrator and another end is fixed.
If string’s length is 1.5 meters, find the distance between the fourth node and vibrator.
Solution:
Distance between two nodes = 1.5 meters / 11 = 1.5 / 11 meters.
Distance between the first node and vibrator = 1.5 / 11 meters
Distance between the second node and vibrator = 2 (1.5 / 11
meters) = 3/11 meters
Distance between the third node and vibrator = 3 (1.5 / 11 meters) = 4.5 / 11 meters
Distance between the fourth node and vibrator = 4 (1.5 / 11 meters) = 6/11 meters = 0.54m
9. The wavelength of the first overtone of a string is 40 cm. If the speed of sound wave in air
is 340 m/s, determine the third overtone.
Solution:
Wavelength of the first overtone:
Length of string (L) = 2. ½ λ
Length of string (L) = λ
Length of string (L) = 0.4 meters
Wavelength of the third overtone:
L=2λ
0.4 = 2 λ
λ = 0.4 / 2
λ = 0.2 meters
Frequency of the third overtone:
f=v/λ
f = 340: 0.2
f = 1700 Hertz

10. A tube open at both ends with length of 40 cm produces a fundamental tone with frequency
of 420 Hz. Determine the second overtone.
Solution:
If fundamental tone (f1) = 420 Hertz
then the second overtone,
(f3) = 3 f1 = 3 (420 Hertz) = 1260 Hertz