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Lecture 2.1-Solution of 1 Order 1 Degree DE: Camarines Norte State College

This document contains lecture material on solving first order differential equations. It defines different types of differential equations and describes how to classify them based on order, unknown function, and independent variable. For homogeneous differential equations where the right-hand side is zero, the document outlines the substitution and separation of variables methods. An example problem demonstrates using these steps to find the complete solution of a 1st order homogeneous differential equation of the form (3x + 2y)dx + 2xdy = 0.

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135 views4 pages

Lecture 2.1-Solution of 1 Order 1 Degree DE: Camarines Norte State College

This document contains lecture material on solving first order differential equations. It defines different types of differential equations and describes how to classify them based on order, unknown function, and independent variable. For homogeneous differential equations where the right-hand side is zero, the document outlines the substitution and separation of variables methods. An example problem demonstrates using these steps to find the complete solution of a 1st order homogeneous differential equation of the form (3x + 2y)dx + 2xdy = 0.

Uploaded by

Come on think Pacle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE


F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

College of Engineering

Lecture 2.1- Solution of 1st Order 1st Degree DE

Lecture Objectives:
At the end of this topic the students should be able to:

• Define the different types of Differential Equations


• Classify the different types of Differential Equations
• Determine the order, unknown function, and the independent variable in each of the following
DE.
• Solve the General and/ or Particular Solution of 1 st Order, 1st degree DE by using the solution of
1st Order, 1st Degree DE.

B. Homogeneous Differential Equation – all terms in the equation must have the same degree. It is
also indicates that the right -hand member of DE is zero.

General form of 1st Degree DE


𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
A function 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) is said to be Homogeneous of the nth degree if;
𝑓 (𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = 𝑡 𝑛 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
Example:

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 → Homogeneous 2nd degree

𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 → Homogeneous 3nd degree


2𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = → Homogeneous 0f 0 degree
√𝑥 2 −𝑦 2

Prof :.

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑡𝑥 )2 + (𝑡𝑦)2 = 𝑡 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) → Homogeneous 2nd degree


Solution to Homogeneous DE;
• Use the following substitution
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦

1
ENMATH 3 – Differential Equation
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

College of Engineering
• The use of variable 𝑣 is to reduce the Homogeneous equation into one in which the variable is
separable.
Let ; 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑣
• Substitute to the given Homogeneous DE
𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

Or
𝑀 (𝑣𝑦, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑣𝑦, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
• Gives:
𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑣𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑣𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

Or
𝑀 (𝑣𝑦, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑣𝑦, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

Then use variable separable because it is factorable…….

Example:
Find the complete solution of (3𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0

Solution:
Use substitution;
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣
Substitute the given DE;
(3𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 (𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣 ) = 0
Factor;

𝑥 (3 + 2𝑣 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 (𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣 ) = 0


Divide both sides by x;
(3 + 2𝑣 )𝑑𝑥 + 2(𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣 ) = 0
(3 + 2𝑣 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑣 = 0

3𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑣 = 0


(3 + 2𝑣 + 2𝑣 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑣 = 0
2
ENMATH 3 – Differential Equation
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

College of Engineering
(3 + 4𝑣 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑣 = 0

by variable separable;
𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑣
+ =0
𝑥 3+4
By Integration
𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑣
∫ +∫ =0
𝑥 3+4
Integrate;
1
ln 𝑥 + ln(3 + 4𝑣 ) = 𝐶
2
𝑦
Then, substitute; 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 0𝑟 𝑣 = 𝑥

1 𝑦
ln 𝑥 + ln (3 + 4 ) = 𝐶
2 𝑥

𝑦
ln 𝑥 + ln √(3 + 4 ) = 𝐶
𝑥

𝑦
ln (𝑥 + √(3 + 4 )) = 𝐶
𝑥

𝑦
If; 𝑥 + √(3 + 4 𝑥) = 𝐶1

Therefore ;

𝑒 𝐶 = 𝐶1

Or
1
ln 𝐶 21 = 𝐶
1
ln 𝐶1 = 𝐶
2

3
ENMATH 3 – Differential Equation
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

College of Engineering
ln 𝐶1 = 2𝐶

𝑒 2𝐶 = 𝐶1 your answer…..

4
ENMATH 3 – Differential Equation

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