Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: F

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Volume 17 Issue 1 Version 1.0 Year 2017
Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA)
Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861

Modeling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Drive System

Boosharaju Ravikumar & Dr.Y.R. Manjunath
Abstract- This paper presents single-phase to three-phase with dc-link converters with parallel
rectifier and series inverter for reduction in the input current and reduction of the output voltage
processed by the rectifier circuit and inverter circuit respectively. In this paper we proposed
better solution for single phase to three phase drive system by employing 2parallel single phase
rectifier stages, a 3-phase inverter stage. Parallel converters can be used to improve the power
capability, reliability, efficiency and redundancy. An isolation transformer is not used for the
reduction of circulating currents among different converter stages. It is an important objective in
the system design. The complete comparison between the comprehensive model of proposed
converter and standard configurations will be presented in this work. Simulation of this model will
be carried out by using MATLAB/ Simulink.
Keywords: AC-DC-AC power converter, drive system, parallel converter, fault identification
system(fis).
GJRE-F Classification: FOR Code: 290901

ModelingofSinglePhasetoThreePhaseDriveSystem

Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of :

© 2017. Boosharaju Ravikumar & Dr.Y.R. Manjunath. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative
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 Modeling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Drive
System
Boosharaju Ravikumar α & Dr.Y.R. Manjunath σ

Abstract- This paper presents single-phase to three-phase with are put together in a huge electronic system.
dc-link converters with parallel rectifier and series inverter for Additionally, the input power factor becomes poorer.
reduction in the input current and reduction of the output Due to the disadvantages associated with low power
voltage processed by the rectifier circuit and inverter circuit
factor and harmonics, utilities enforces (in some
respectively. In this paper we proposed better solution for
countries) harmonic standards and guidelines which will

2017
single phase to three phase drive system by employing
2parallel single phase rectifier stages, a 3-phase inverter limit the amount of current distortion allowed into the

Year
stage. Parallel converters can be used to improve the power utility. Looking into the serious effects generated by
capability, reliability, efficiency and redundancy. An isolation conventional converters, the simple diode rectifiers
transformer is not used for the reduction of circulating currents should not be used. There is a need to achieve 19
among different converter stages. It is an important objective rectification at close to unity power factor and low input
in the system design. The complete comparison between the current distortion.

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XVII Issue I Version I

comprehensive model of proposed converter and standard Several solutions have been proposed when the
configurations will be presented in this work. Simulation of this
objective is to supply three-phase motors from single-
model will be carried out by using MATLAB/ Simulink.
phase ac mains [8]–[16]. It is quite common to have
Keywords: AC-DC-AC power converter, drive system,
only a single-phase power grid in residential,
parallel converter, fault identification system(fis).
commercial, manufacturing, and mainly in rural areas,
I. Introduction while the adjustable speed drives may request a three
phase power grid. Single-phase to three-phase ac–dc–

M
ost power conversion applications consist of an ac conversion usually employs a full-bridge topology,
AC-to-DC conversion stage immediately which implies in ten power switches, as shown inFig.1.
following the AC source. The DC output
obtained after rectification is subsequently used for
further stages. There by an ac to dc converter has
become an integral part of mostly all the electronic
equipments. Mainly, it is used as an interface between
utility and most of the power electronic equipments[1].
These electronic equipments also form a major part of
load on the utility. Two factors that provide a quantitative
measure of the power quality in an electrical system are
Power Factor (PF) and Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD).The amount of useful power being consumed by
an electrical system is predominantly decided by the PF
of the system. Generally, to convert line frequency ac to
dc, a line frequency diode bridge rectifier is used. To
reduce the ripple in the dc output voltage, a suitable Fig. 1: Conventional single-phase to three-phase drive
filter capacitor and/or an inductor is used at the rectifier system
output[2]-[3]. But due to these reactive components, the This converter is denoted here as conventional
current drawn by this converter is peaky in nature, very topology. In this paper, a single-phase to three-phase
much differed from asinusoidal shape. This input current drive system composed of two parallel single-phase
is rich in lower order harmonics. Also, as power rectifiers and a three-phase inverter is proposed, as
electronics equipments are increasingly being used in shown in Fig. 2.
power conversion, they inject low order harmonics into
the utility. Due to the presence of these harmonics,
the total harmonic distortion is high when so many

Author α: e-mail: [email protected]

Auhtor σ: e-mail: [email protected]

© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Modeling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Drive System

Fig. 2: Proposed single-phase to three-phase drive

system (b)
2017

The proposed system is conceived to operate

Year

where the single-phase utility grid is the unique option

available. Compared to the conventional topology, the
20 proposed system permits: to reduce the rectifier switch
currents; the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XVII Issue I Version I

cur-rent with same switching frequency or the switching

frequency with same THD of the grid current; and to
increase the fault tolerance characteristics. In addition,
the losses of the proposed system may be lower than
that of the conventional counterpart. The aforemention-
ed benefits justify the initial investment of the proposed
system, due to the increase of number of switches.
Fig 3. Shows the single-phase to three-phase
power conversion with parallel configuration. Another (c)
important characteristic observed in the single-phase to
three-phase power converters that also has been Fig. 3: Single-phase to three-phase power conversion.
considered in this paper is the irregular distribution of (a)Type of power processed by rectifier and inverter
power losses among the switches of the converter, as circuits.(b) Solution employed in [15]. (c) Solution
observed in Fig. 4.It means that, for a 600 V 50A class of employed in[16]
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), 63% of the total
losses measured in the single-phase to three-phase
converter is concentrated in the rectifier circuit, while the
rest 37% is observed in the inverter circuit. With those
numbers, it is possible to measure the stress by switch,
which means that each rectifier switch is responsible for
15.7% of the total converter losses, while each inverter
switch is responsible for only 6.1%. The loss per switch
gives an important parameter regarding the possibilities
of failures in the power converters.

Fig. 4: Converter power losses distribution in both

rectifier and inverter units:63% in the rectifier circuit and
37% in the inverter one. Power losses in each switch of
the rectifier (15.7%) and inverter (6.1%)

II. System Model

This section will present the model of the
proposed configuration. Such a configuration is
constituted by a where p = d/dt and symbols like r and l
represent the resistances and inductances of the input
(a) inductors. The circulating current io can be defined from
ia and i’ a or ib and i’b i.e.

© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Modeling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Drive System

𝑖0 = 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑖𝑎′ = −𝑖𝑏 + 𝑖𝑏′ 𝑉𝑎 + 𝑉𝑏

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = = 𝑒𝑠 − (𝑟𝑠 ′ + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝑖𝑎
2
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑒𝑠 − [𝑟𝑎 + 𝑟𝑎′ + (𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑎′ )𝑝]𝑖𝑎 + (𝑟𝑎′ + 𝐼𝑎′ 𝑝) 𝑉0
𝑉𝑎 − = 𝑒𝑠 − 2(𝑟𝑠 ′ + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝐼𝑎 ′
𝑉𝑏 = 𝑒𝑠 − [𝑟𝑏 + 𝑟𝑏′ + (𝐼𝑏 + 𝐼𝑏′ )𝑝]𝑖𝑏 + (𝑟𝑏′ + 𝐼𝑏′ 𝑝)𝑖0 2
𝑉0
𝑉𝑏 − = 𝑒𝑠 − 2(𝑟𝑠 ′ + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝐼𝑏 ′
𝑉0 = −[𝑟𝑎 ′ + 𝑟𝑏′ + (𝐼𝑎 ′ + 𝐼𝑏′ )𝑝]𝑖0 − (𝑟𝑎 − 𝑟𝑎′ + (𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑎′ )𝑝]𝑖 2
+ [𝑟𝑏 + 𝑟𝑏′ + (𝐼𝑏 + 𝐼𝑏′ )𝑝]𝑖𝑏 𝑎 𝑉𝑎 = 𝑒𝑠 − 2(𝑟𝑠 + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝑖𝑎
𝑉𝑏 = 𝑒𝑠 − 2(𝑟𝑠 ′ + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝑖𝑏

iii. Control Strategy

The gating signals are obtained by comparing
pole voltages with one (vt1), two (vt1 and vt2) or more
high frequency triangular carrier signals. In the case of

2017
double carrier approach, the phase shift of the two

Year
triangular carrier signals (vt1 and vt2) is 1800. The
parameter µchanges the place of the voltage pulses
related to va and vb. When vx* = vx*min (µ = 0) orvx* = 21
vx*max (µ = 1) are selected, the pulses are placed in

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XVII Issue I Version I

the beginning or in the end of half period (Ts) of the
control block diagram of Fig.2, highlighting the control of
the rectifier. To control the dc-link voltage and to
guarantee the grid power factor close to one.
Additionally, the circulating current io in the rectifier of
Fig. 5: Proposedsingle-phase to three-phase drive
the proposed system needs to be controlled.
system.
In this way, the dc-link voltage vc is adjusted to
To avoid the circulating current, the following its reference value v c* using the controller Rc, which is a
three approaches are used commonly standard PI type controller. This controller provides the
i. Isolation. In this approach, the overall parallel amplitude of the reference grid current Is*. To control
system is bulky and costly because of additional power factor and harmonics in the grid side, the
power supplies or the ac line-frequency transformer. instantaneous reference current Is* must be
ii. High impedance. They cannot prevent a low synchronized with voltage e.g., as given in the voltage-
frequency circulating current. oriented control (VOC) for three-phase system. This is
iii. Synchronized control. This approach is not suitable obtained via blocks Ge-ig, based on a PLL scheme Fig
for modular converter design. When more 6. The reference currents I a*and ib* are obtained by
converters are in parallel, the system becomes very making ia* = ib* = Is*/2, which means that each rectifier
complicated to design and control. receives half of the grid current. The control of the
rectifier currents is implemented using the controllers
In this proposed method the system is
indicated by blocks Ra and Rb. These current controllers
designed to reduce the circulating current (Io). From
define the input reference voltages va*and vb*. The
fig.5.the following quations can be derived for the front
homo polar current is measured (io) and compared to its
end rectifier.
reference (io* = 0). The error is the input of PI controller
𝑉𝑎10 − 𝑉𝑎20 = 𝑒𝑠 − (𝑟𝑎 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑝)𝑖𝑎 − (𝑟𝑎′ + 𝐼𝑎′ 𝑝)𝑖𝑎′ Ro, that determines the voltage vo*. The motor there-
𝑉𝑏10 − 𝑉𝑏20 = 𝑒𝑠 − (𝑟𝑏 + 𝐼𝑏 𝑝)𝑖𝑏 − (𝑟𝑏′ + 𝐼𝑏′ 𝑝)𝑖𝑏′ phase voltages are supplied from the inverter (VSI).
𝑉𝑎10 − 𝑉𝑏10 = (𝑟𝑎 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑝)𝑖𝑎 − (𝑟𝑏 + 𝐼𝑏 𝑝)𝑖𝑏 Block VSI-Ctr indicates the inverter and its control. The
control system is composed of the PWM command and
In this ideal case, the circulating current can be a torque/flux control strategy(e.g., field-oriented control
reduced to zero imposing or volts/hertz control)
𝑉0 = 𝑉𝑎10 + 𝑉𝑎20 − 𝑉𝑏10 − 𝑉𝑏20 = 0
When 𝐼𝑎 = 0 then 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑎′ and 𝐼𝑏 = 𝐼𝑏′ and the system
model reduced to the model given by
𝑉0
𝑉𝑎 + = 𝑒𝑠 − 2(𝑟𝑠 + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝑖𝑎
2
𝑉0
𝑉𝑏 + = 𝑒𝑠 − 2(𝑟𝑠 ′ + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝑖𝑏
2
𝑉0 = 2(𝑟𝑠 ′ + 𝐼𝑠 ′𝑝)𝑖0

© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Modeling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Drive System

Fig. 9: Input current of the converter 1

2017

Fig. 6: Control block diagram

Year

iv. Simulation Results

22 The simulink models of the Proposed converter
system, its control strategy and fault diagnosis is also
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XVII Issue I Version I

carried out. The simulation results were obtained with

the grid- and machine-phase voltages equal to 127
Vrms, dc-link voltage of 225 V, capacitance of 2200 μF,
and input inductor filters with resistance and inductance
given respectively by 0.1Ωand 2.6 mH. The load power
was of 5 kVA.
Fig. 10: Input current of the converter 2

Fig 7: MATALB/SIMULINK diagram of proposed system Fig. 11: Circulating current

Fig. 12: dc-link voltage in C12

Fig. 8: voltage and current of the grid,

© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Modeling of Single-Phase to Three-Phase Drive System

the proposed system may be lower than that of the

conventional counterpart. The initial investment of the
proposed system (due to high number of
semiconductor devices) cannot be considered a
drawback, especially considering the scenario where
the cited advantages justify such initial investment.

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