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Chapter 02 BCO

The document discusses the basic components and operations of a computer system including input, output, storage, control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and central processing unit. It explains how these components work together in a computer system.

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Peral Delacruz Gee Ann
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© © All Rights Reserved
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23 views16 pages

Chapter 02 BCO

The document discusses the basic components and operations of a computer system including input, output, storage, control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and central processing unit. It explains how these components work together in a computer system.

Uploaded by

Peral Delacruz Gee Ann
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

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SSiinh a & P r i ti S i nha
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Basic ComputerOrggnization
Computer Fundamentals - Sarwar Jahan Morshed, Asstt. Prof. , Dept. of CSE

Ref. Page Basic Computer Organization Slide 1/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Learning Objectives

In this chapter you will learn about:


• Basic operations performed by all types of computer
systems
• Basic organization of a computer system
• Input unit and its functions
• Output unit and its functions
• Storage unit and its functions
• Types of storage used in a computer system

(Continued on next slide)

Ref. Page 15 Basic Computer Organization Slide 2/16


Computer Fundamentals Sarwar Morshed
.

Learning Objectives
(Continued from previous slide..)[-

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

• Control Unit (CU)

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Computer as a system

Ref. Page 15 Basic Computer Organization Slide 3/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System

• Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions


into the computer system

• Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them


readily available for initial or additional processing
whenever required

• Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add,


subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations
(comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.)
on data to convert them into useful information

(Continued on next slide)

Ref. Page 15 Basic Computer Organization Slide 4/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System

• Outputting. The process of producing useful information


or results for the user such as a printed report or visual
display

• Controlling. Directing the manner and sequence in which


all of the above operations are performed

Ref. Page 15 Basic Computer Organization Slide 5/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Basic Organization of a Computer System

Storage Unit

Secondary
Storage

Program Input Output Information


and Unit Unit (Results)
Data Primary
Storage

Control
Unit
Indicates flow of
instructions and data
Arithmetic
Indicates the control
Logic Unit exercised by the
control unit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Ref. Page 16 Basic Computer Organization Slide 6/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Input Unit

An input unit of a computer system performs the


following functions:

1. It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside


world
2. It converts these instructions and data in computer
acceptable form
3. It supplies the converted instructions and data to the
computer system for further processing

Ref. Page 16 Basic Computer Organization Slide 7/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Output Unit

An output unit of a computer system performs the


following functions:

1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which


are in coded form and hence, cannot be easily
understood by us
2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable
(readable) form
3. It supplies the converted results to outside world

Ref. Page 16 Basic Computer Organization Slide 8/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Storage Unit

The storage unit of a computer system holds (or stores)


the following :

1. Data and instructions required for processing (received


from input devices)
2. Intermediate results of processing
3. Final results of processing, before they are released to
an output device

Ref. Page 17 Basic Computer Organization Slide 9/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Two Types of Storage

• Primary storage

• Used to hold running program instructions


• Used to hold data, intermediate results, and
results of ongoing processing of job(s)
• Fast in operation
• Small Capacity
• Expensive
• Volatile (looses data on power dissipation)

(Continued on next slide)

Ref. Page 17 Basic Computer Organization Slide 10/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Two Types of Storage


(Continued from previous slide..)

• Secondary storage

• Used to hold stored program instructions


• Used to hold data and information of stored jobs
• Slower than primary storage
• Large Capacity
• Lot cheaper that primary storage
• Retains data even without power

Ref. Page 17 Basic Computer Organization Slide 11/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is the place


where the actual executions of instructions takes place during
processing operation

Ref. Page 18 Basic Computer Organization Slide 12/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Control Unit (CU)


Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates
the operations of all other components of the computer
system

Ref. Page 18 Basic Computer Organization Slide 13/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Arithmetic Central
Control Unit Processing
Logic Unit + =
(ALU) (CU) Unit (CPU)

• It is the brain of a computer system

• It is responsible for controlling the operations of


all other units of a computer system

Ref. Page 18 Basic Computer Organization Slide 14/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

The System Concept


A system has following three characteristics:

1. A system has more than one element


2. All elements of a system are logically related
3. All elements of a system are controlled in a manner to
achieve the system goal

A computer is a system as it comprises of integrated


components (input unit, output unit, storage unit, and CPU)
that work together to perform the steps called for in the
executing program

Ref. Page 18 Basic Computer Organization Slide 15/16


Computer Fundamentals: Sarwar Morshed

Key Words/Phrases

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) • Output interface


• Auxiliary storage • Output unit
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Outputting
• Computer system • Primate storage
• Control Unit (CU) • Processing
• Controlling • Secondary storage
• Input interface • Storage unit
• Input unit • Storing
• Inputting • System
• Main memory

Ref. Page 19 Basic Computer Organization Slide 16/16

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