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IP Routing

This document discusses IP routing and routing protocols. It defines routing protocols as standards that regulate data transmission between computers by exchanging routing updates that determine the best path for data to travel. It also differentiates between routing protocols, which distribute routing updates, and routed protocols, which carry the actual data. The document outlines common routing protocols like OSPF, RIP, EIGRP, and BGP and covers key routing concepts such as classful versus classless routing, routing tables, administrative distance, and static versus dynamic routing.

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Manjusha Balip
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34 views3 pages

IP Routing

This document discusses IP routing and routing protocols. It defines routing protocols as standards that regulate data transmission between computers by exchanging routing updates that determine the best path for data to travel. It also differentiates between routing protocols, which distribute routing updates, and routed protocols, which carry the actual data. The document outlines common routing protocols like OSPF, RIP, EIGRP, and BGP and covers key routing concepts such as classful versus classless routing, routing tables, administrative distance, and static versus dynamic routing.

Uploaded by

Manjusha Balip
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Routing

• What is a routing protocol?

• Routing – to send or forward by a specific route

• Protocol – a set of rules governing the format of messages that are


excahnged between computers. An agreement to do something.

• Routing Protocol – a standard procedure for regulating data transmission


between computers

• Routing Protocol and Routed Protocol

• Routing Protocols – send routing updates that allow the routing process to
determine tha path or path that data should take to get from Point A to Point
B Ex: OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, RIP, ISIS, BGP

• Routed Protocols – protocols that are actually carrying the data Ex: IP,
Appletalk, IPX, DECNET

• Classful Routing and Classless Routing

• Classful routing do not support Variable Length subnet mask (VLSM). /8 /16 /
24

IP address classes

Class A | 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 | 16 Million host

Class B | 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 | 65k host

Class C | 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 | 254 host

Class D | 224.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.255 | Multicast

Class E | 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.255 | Research and development

Special Address

127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 | Local host

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 | Class A private IP address

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 | Class B private IP address

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 | Class C private IP address block


• Routing Table Operation

1. The route with the longest prefix lenght (subnet mask) will be selected.

2. The route with the lowest Administrative Distance is selected

AD: is the belivability of the protocol

• Directly connected route/ Static route using exit interface: 0

• Static route with next hop IP address: 1

• EIGRP summary: 5

• External BGP: 20

• Internal EIGRP: 90

• IGRP: 100

• OSPF: 100

• RIP: 120

• External EIGRP: 170

• Unknown network: 255

3. The route with the lowest metric ( RIP: Hop count, OSPF: cost, EIGRP:
composite metric)

4. Equal cost load sharing

• The command “show ip route” only shows the best route

• “Show IP protocols” shows what routing protocols the router is running


and its characteristics

• Static route and default static route

o Static route – used if the router has a limited resources or the link
bandwidth between the devices are limited.

o Default static route – serves as a routers gateway of last resort.


Remember it isnt what the packets will take first but only if there is not
a match in the routing table.
o Both can also be used as a backup to a static route called “Floating
static route”

• IP default gateway – can be used as a default static route when there is no


routing protocol running on the device (switches)

• IP default network – can flag route as a candidate default route

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