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Machine Element Design & Process - I: Module VI: Mechanical Springs Lecture 14: Springs & Types

This document discusses different types of mechanical springs, their applications, and key terms. It describes springs as elastic bodies that distort under load and recover their shape, acting as flexible joints. Common applications include cushioning shock/vibrations, applying forces in brakes/clutches, controlling motion, measuring forces, and storing energy. The main types are helical, conical, torsion, leaf, and belleville springs. Key terms defined include free length, solid length, spring index, spring rate, and pitch. Springs are important mechanical devices that efficiently store and release energy in many applications.

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Spidy Poudel
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37 views

Machine Element Design & Process - I: Module VI: Mechanical Springs Lecture 14: Springs & Types

This document discusses different types of mechanical springs, their applications, and key terms. It describes springs as elastic bodies that distort under load and recover their shape, acting as flexible joints. Common applications include cushioning shock/vibrations, applying forces in brakes/clutches, controlling motion, measuring forces, and storing energy. The main types are helical, conical, torsion, leaf, and belleville springs. Key terms defined include free length, solid length, spring index, spring rate, and pitch. Springs are important mechanical devices that efficiently store and release energy in many applications.

Uploaded by

Spidy Poudel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine Element Design & Process - I

MEEG 315

Module VI : Mechanical Springs


Lecture 14 : Springs & Types
DISCLAIMER
The presentation contains extraction of contents from books, technical paper,
studies and other public domain.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 2


Mechanical Springs
Spring
• An elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded
and to recover its original shape when the load is removed.
• A mechanical device which is used for efficient storage and
release of energy.
• It act as a flexible joint in between two parts or bodies.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 3


Mechanical Springs
Applications:
• To cushion, absorb or control energy due to shock or
vibrations.
• To apply forces, as in brakes, clutches and spring-loaded
valves.
• To control motion by maintaining contact between two
elements as in cams and followers
• To measure forces, as in spring balances and engine
indicators.
• To store energy, as in watches, toys, etc.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 4


Mechanical Springs
Applications:

Spring in Brake Spring in Clutch

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 5


Mechanical Springs
Applications:

Spring Loaded Valve

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 6


Mechanical Springs
Applications:

Spring in Pen

Spring in measurement
Spring for constant contact

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 7


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
• According to shape:
– Helical Spring.
– Conical and Volute Spring.
– Torsion Spring.
– Laminated or Leaf Spring.
– Disc or Belleville Spring.
– Special Purpose Spring.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 8


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Helical Spring:
• Wire coiled in form of helix.
• Intended for compressive or tensile load.
• Cross section may be circular, square or rectangular.

Compression helical spring Tension helical spring


2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 9
Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Helical Spring:
• Load applied is parallel to or along the axis of the spring.
• Shear stress is produced in helical springs due to twisting.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 10


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Conical or Volute Spring:
• Used in special applications where a telescoping spring or a
spring with a spring rate that increases with the load is desired

Conical spring Volute spring

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 11


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Torsion Spring:
• Helical type:
 Used only in applications where the load
tends to wind up the spring and are used in
various electrical mechanisms. Helical torsion spring

• Spiral type:
 Used where the load tends to increase the
number of coils and when made of flat strip
are used in watches and clocks.
Spiral torsion spring
2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 12
Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Leaf Spring:
• Also known as flat spring or carriage spring
• Consists of a number of flat plates (known as leaves) of
varying lengths.
• Held together by means of clamps and bolts.
• Mostly used in automobiles.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 13


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:

Leaf Spring

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 14


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Bellevile or Disc Spring:
• Consist of a number of conical discs held together against
slipping by a central bolt or tube.
• Used in applications where high spring rates and compact
spring units are required.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 15


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Bellevile or Disc Spring:

Valve Actuator Assembly Shock Absorbing Bolted Assembly High Pressure Valve

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 16


Mechanical Springs
Types of Springs:
Special Purpose Spring:
• Air or liquid springs; Rubber springs, Ring springs, etc.
 Air or liquid can behave as a compression spring.
 Used for special types of application only

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 17


Mechanical Springs
Terms for Compression Helical Springs:
Solid Length: When the compression spring is
compressed until the coils come in contact with each
other.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 18


Mechanical Springs
Terms for Compression Helical Springs:
Free Length:
• Length of the spring in the free or unloaded condition.
• Sum of solid length and the maximum deflection or
compression of the spring and the clearance between the
adjacent coils (when fully compressed).
LF = Solid length+Maximum Compression+Clearance between
adjacent coils.
∴ LF = n′ . d + δmax + 0.15 δmax

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 19


Mechanical Springs
Terms for Compression Helical Springs:
Spring Index:
• Ratio of the mean diameter of the coil to the diameter of the
wire.

C = D/d

where, D = Mean diameter of coil


d = diameter of wire

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 20


Mechanical Springs
Terms for Compression Helical Springs:
Spring Rate:
• Stiffness or spring constant.
• Load required for unit deflection of spring.
• Slope of force-deflection curve
𝑊𝑊
𝑘𝑘 =
𝛿𝛿
where, W = Load
𝛿𝛿 = Deflection of spring

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 21


Mechanical Springs
Terms for Compression Helical Springs:
Pitch:
• The axial distance between adjacent coils in uncompressed
state.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 22


Mechanical Springs
DIY
• Application of spring in practical life.
• Prepare a table including different types of springs
and the type of stress that are applicable on it.

2020-03-01 Lecture 15: Spring & Types 23

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