RESIDENTIAL BOILERS

TECHNICAL DATA

Boilers are intended to be installed in ground premises with a possibility of easy refueling
with coal.
Boilers are produced as water heating, with a natural or forced circulation of the heating
water.

Model Nominal heat Max. pressure of Minimum Volume of the

power, kW the water, bar draught, Pa water jacket, l
MA19 19 1,0 22 35
GA 26 26 1,0 25 62
GA38 40 1,0 30 70
LB 44 1,0 30 84

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
The boiler is placed on a stable fireproof horizontal floor. To protect the floor, a stable
fireproof base can be used, which shall stick out before the boiler at least 50 cm in front and
30 cm at the side.
In the radiating area of the boiler, at a distance of 80 cm around no objects burnable and
damageable by the radiated heat shall be there.
Before connecting the boiler to the chimney, consult a specialist.
The connecting elements (rosette and chimney) must be fixed tightly and firmly, so that
they may not get into in the passage section. The smoking pipes shall have the same size as
the connecting pipe of the boiler.
It is advisable that the boiler work with a separate chimney. If other heating appliances are
connected to the same chimney, it must be calculated for that.
Fresh air must get in the boiler at least 4 m3/h for each kilowatt from its heat output. When
necessary a flow from adjacent premises or outside air is ensured
The burning process of the boiler must not feel shortage of air on the action of
gravitational or forced aspirations, since this is a prerequisite for insufficient combustion or
returning of flue gases in the premises.

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 EXEMLARY DIAGGRAMS OF OPERATION
OF A BOILER IN AN OPEN SYSTEM

ОРС

Open water heating system with an open

expansion vessel and a pump
ОРС

АО

Economical open gravitational self-

adjusting water heating system with an
open expansion vessel without a pump.

EXEMPLARY DIAGRAM OF OPERATION

OF A BOILER
IN A CLOSED SYSTEM

1. Manometer.
2. Thermometer 120º С.
3. Electrical thermostat.
4. Thermal safety valve.
5. Automatic deaerator.
6. Safety hydraulic valve.
7. Drainage.
8. Closed expansion vessel.
9. Filter.
10. Circulation pump.
11. Automatic supplementing group.

GENERAL RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Before the building of the installation, it is recommended that the heat losses be calculated
by a specialist for the concrete case.
2. The installation must be connected to the atmosphere with an open expansion vessel, when
the system is open.
3. De-aeration of each branch and element of the installation in each moment of its operation
shall be ensured.

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4. All the elements of the installation must be ensured against freezing, especially if the
expansion vessel or other parts of it have been located in non-heated premises.
5. In the installations with forced circulation the pump must be provided with UPS – an
accumulator with a transducer 12 V/220/V50 Hz on autonomous regime.
It is recommended that the circulation pump be switched on and off by a thermostat,
duplicated with a manual electrical switch.

L1 L2 L1 and L2 signal lamps

K- Ordinary switch
T Thermostat
K * Operating conditions (mode). L1 is on,
the circulation pump runs.
** Readiness regime/mode. L2 is on. The pump DOESN'T run.
T There is electrical tension.
*** Emergency operation. L1 and L2 are off.
There is no electrical tension.

6. The first service cleaning of the pump filter must be done immediately after testing the
installation.
7. If an old installation is used, then it must be repeatedly sluiced to remove the
accumulated residue, which would precipitate on the surfaces of the water jacket.
8. Coal with increased sulphur content shall not be used and don’t allow the coal get wet.
9. Fresh and wet wood or vegetation shall not be used. The logs shall be stored at least
two years in a dry and airy place.
10. The circulating water shall not be drained out during the non-heating season.
During the 3-4 kindlings it is possible to form condensation on the surfaces of the water
jacket. The forming soot decreases the sudden temperature difference and the quantity of
the condensate.

OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

Boilers are operated only by adult persons, who are acquainted beforehand with the
operation instructions. It is not allowed the presence of children without supervision in
proximity of the boiler, especially when it is on an operating mode.

Fuel
Use only raw chemical natural wood, as well as black stone coal.
It is important that the wood be dry.
Dry are called those logs which have humidity under 20 %. This is achieved when they
stay in a dry and airy place at least for 2 years. The logs are kept chopped and arranged, as
their thickness must be between 5 and 15 cm.
Why humid wood shall not be used?
1. The humidity in the wood decreases their warmth when burning. A big part of the
heat is spent on evaporation of the water, and the rest can turn out insufficient to
ensure the necessary heating. For example, 20 kg humid wood can mean 10 kg dry
wood and 10 litres water, added to the fire.
2. The water vapour decreases the combustion temperature and contributes to the
formation of soot which accumulates and forms a black hard layer on the walls of
the combustion chamber, glass ceramics, pipes and the chimney.
3. The pollution of the environment increases because the gases leave the chimney
unburned.

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 Kindling of the boiler
- The kindling of the boiler is done with entirely open valve of the flue gases.
- It is forbidden burning fluids to be used for kindling
- Put kindlings and logs on the grate throughout the whole depth of the boiler through the
door for refueling, so that they kindle.
- Put a thin layer of coal on the burning logs.
- After its kindling, the firebox is refueled with more fuel. After achieving the necessary
power, it is good the valve of the flue gases to be closed, so that the eventual loss of heat
through the chimney is avoided.
- The boiler is refueled according to the needs of heat and the intensity of burning, always
when a necessary amount of embers is available.

Adjusting elements
The valve for the flue gases on the chimney adjusts the quantity of the flue gases getting
out from the boiler to the chimney. It is adjusted by the handle, located on the upper part of
the boiler on the connecting pipe of the chimney pipes.

МА18,ГА26,ГА38 LB
+ +
+ - -
-

The adjusting of the primary air is done by a thermostat, depending on the temperature of
the water in the boiler. The adjusting process is carried out by the adjusting button with a
marked scale 0-9. The markings on the button are only informative. The adjusting is done in
the following way. The boiler is warmed up till the desired temperature. By means of the
button the valve for the primary air of the thermostat is closed. On falling in temperature the
valve of the primary air begins to open by itself.

Condensation and tarring

On initial introducing of the cold boiler in operation, water condenses on its walls, which
trickles in the firebox and creates impression that the boiler is leaking. The condensation
disappears after sticking dust inside of the boiler. On operation with decreased power, at a low
temperature of the water in the boiler, usually under 60°C and on using humid fuel water
condenses from the flue gases, which starts running on the cooled walls of the boiler. The low
temperature operation affects adversely also on the life of the water heat exchanger and the
flue (smoke) pipes.

.Chimney
The chimney is intended to draw the combustion products out of the fireplace and to
throw them away in the atmosphere outside the limits of the abode.
The upward draught or the “pulling” of the chimney is a result of the combination
between its height and the difference in the temperatures of the flue gases and the air outside.
The column of hot flue gases in the chimney has smaller weight than the equivalent column
cold air outside, so that the pressure in the lower end in the warm chimney is smaller than the

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atmospheric (air) pressure outside. This quite small difference in the pressures creates the
draught.
The lower draught is a prerequisite for difficult kindling or returning of flue gases, and it
is overcome through quick kindling and burning of dry, thin and fast-burning sticks and twigs.
After kindling of the fire and warming up of the chimney, its draught increases. For
economical regime and high efficiency after the warming up of the chimney, the draught must
be decreased to 5-10 Pa, so that there may be no return of the flue gases (smoking) with a
closed door.

The main causes of insufficient draught are the following:

- layering of soot inside the chimney, which decreases its diameter and increases the
resistance of the rising flue gases;
- a cracked wall of the chimney or a loose rosette;
- loose smoke pipes, or pipes pushed deeply in the chimney, as in this way they
decrease the diameter or plug up the chimney;
- The use of a single chimney with a small draught by several stoves on the same level
of in close proximity;
- Smoking also appears when the weather outside has suddenly got warmer - The
warm gases from the kindling of the fire can’t escape through the cold chimney. In
this case a bigger amount of quickly burning sticks and paper is used. The same
effect takes place while attempting to kindle a fire on the first (ground) floor,
provided the same or an adjacent chimney is already being used by a fireplace on the
top floor;
- when the ceiling is not air-tight or there are open windows on an upper floor, the
effect “staircase-chimney” takes place, creating a reverse draught;
- When a chimney is located in an area of overpressure caused by a wind.
On right connection, servicing and maintenance the fireplace doesn’t give off smoking
emissions in the premises. If nevertheless this occurs, the premises are aired and the cause of
the filling with smoke must be found out and removed.
Don’t burn: garbage, stuck or painted softwood, plywood or boards of wooden parts,
wooden sleepers or other refuse containing artificial chemical admixtures, since poisons don’t
burn, but only change their composition and when they are thrown away in the atmosphere,
they lead to unpredictable consequences.

Cleaning.
Cooling of the boiler occurs slowly, at the expense of naturally getting cold.
To remove the solid waste after burning, a movable grate and an ash-pan is used. The ash-
pan must be emptied even before it is filled with a purpose to avoid plugging up of the
supplying feeding of the air under the grate. The ash is kept in nonburnable vessels with a
cover.
After continuous operation ash and soot are accumulated on the walls of the boiler,
especially on the heat exchanger and on the smoke pipes, whereupon the heat transfer is
decreased and the boiler loses power. As a whole the quantity of the ash and the soot depends
on the quality of the used fuel and the working conditions. If the boiler has been re-sized or it
is operated at a low temperature, the volume of the soot in the process of burning increases
considerably. In the same way the shortage of the draught in the chimney influences, as well.
The surface of the water heat exchanger is cleaned by means of a steel brush.
After termination of the heating season, the boiler and the chimney are cleaned
thoroughly. The steam-boiler room shall also be cleaned and be dry.

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 Do dot perform any unauthorized modifications in the design!
During repairs only original spare parts by the producers shall be used.
- The guarantee is not valid for fireplaces with bulging water jackets, which are a
result of the increased pressure in the system beyond the admissible one on incorrect
installation.
- It is recommended that the installation be done by a skilled specialist

Last update 30.05.07.