11

ORGANIZATION
AND
MANAGEMENT
Quarter 1 – Module 1
The Concept of Management
 11
Organization
and Management
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Concept of Management

This instructional material was collaboratively developed by writer and

graphic designer, edited and reviewed by the Regional Quality Assurance
Team of DepEd Region III.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email
their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
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Organization and Management– Grade 11
Supplementary Learning Resource
Quarter 1 – Module 1
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Region III

Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Ronilo Al K. Firmo, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Olivia B. Miranda

Editor: Gladys Glo M. Bondoc
Reviewers: Ma. Victoria C. Vivo, EdD
Cherry Len C. Briones
Gladys Glo M. Bondoc
Frederick John A. Macale

Management Team: Norma P. Esteban, EdD, CESO V

Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD. CESE
Fatima M. Punongbayan
Teresa R. Manlapaz, PhD
Salvador B. Lozano
Nora C. Lising, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – City of Malolos

Office Address: Bulihan, City of Malolos, Bulacan
Telefax: (044) 812-2006 / 812-2007
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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Organization and Management for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on the Concept of Management!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Organization and Management for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on the Concept of Management!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends to retention of
learned concepts.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master one of your subjects of specialization, Organization and
Management. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is composed of a lesson, namely:

● Lesson 1 – Management

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. discuss the meaning and functions of management; and

2. explain the various types of management theories.

What I Know

Ian is a fresh graduate in Business Management. Waltermart

assessed his qualifications when he applied for the job. The Human
Resource Department decided to hire him as Manager in the Sales
Department. Ian was excited and at the same time anxious about the
news when he received the call. Ian performed well in the university
he came from. But deep inside he feels that he is not prepared to
handle the role and responsibilities of a manager.

If you are Ian, will you accept the offer? Why? why not?

Lesson
Management
1
In the present times, the organizations that we have are not exempted in
the world of change. Change has been very fast with regards to technology and
society. Businesses aim to be part of the global arena. There is a drive of being
competitive in each area of an organization and being inside that organization,
a person must prepare very to adapt and survive.
 This module covers the discussions on the meaning and functions of
management; and the various types of management theories.

What’s In

Learners are trained to organize themselves in their classrooms. They are

being trained to work in groups in a class or work as one group for the whole
class as part of the groups of classes within the school. Learners are also made
to experience acting different roles and taking on different tasks within a group
and within the class. Thus, we see them become leaders, members, officers,
secretaries, auditors, treasurers, class monitors, and even cleaners. Many
learners strive to do their best to gain high positions while others are just
satisfied with supporting their leaders. Amidst competitions, we find also find
mediators.

These experiences of learners if guided properly are foundations of what

they will act or do when given the roles and tasks in the outside world inside
organizations particularly in businesses.

Give the role that you want to play inside the classroom. Why?

What’s New

To start with our lesson, let us define management.

What is Management?

Though the world is fast changing, we are surrounded by too many

issues and still we are certain that work opportunities await all of us,
whatever profession we become someday, we need to understand what
management is.

Management is considered both as a science and as an art. Why? To

perform the functions of management one needs analytical skills, that is why
there is a need to study and learn management. But in performing the process,
one’s individuality and creativeness as a human person comes up since each is
created uniquely from each other. One’s skills and personalities differ from
other people.

Management is defined in many ways, but in our study let us define it

as the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to
achieve specific objectives (Flores, 2017).

Management focuses on the three aspects based on its definition:

1. Process which involves planning, organizing leading and
controlling;
2. Resources wherein management uses resources such as human,
money, materials or machine, and time; and
3. Objectives which involves the end goal that the management
aims to achieve.

The first aspect of management, the process has four functions, namely:
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (POLC). These functions are
interdependent to form a coherent set of activities with a definite purpose.

CONTROLLING PLANNING

LEADING ORGANIZING

Figure 1. Management Planning Cycle

Let us have a brief discussion of the four functions of management.

1. Planning is defined as the process of identifying the objectives of a
task, assignment or cause and the corresponding activities to achieve those
objectives. There are many types of planning in corporate setting which are
formal and documented. Succeeding modules will present those plans.
 For this part let us discuss about workplan. A workplan is a visual
planning tool in a form of summary table which consists the following
information:
a. objectives;
b. the corresponding activities to accomplish the given objectives;
c. the persons responsible for doing the identified activities;
d. the time frame to accomplish each of the activities; and
e. the resources needed.

Table 1. Work Plan

Objectives Activities Persons Time Frame Resources
Responsible Required
Conduct a Announcement Head of Human May 15, Gadgets
Webinar on to all Resource 2020 Internet
Coping with personnel Department
Work Related Identifying the Marketing May 16, 2020 Gadgets,
Stress in this Technical Department internet,
New Normal Working Head and
on June 5, Committee Human
2020 Contacting the Resource
8:00 – 12:00 Resource Department
noon Speakers Head
Confirming the Marketing May 17, Gadgets,
list of persons Department 2020 internet
to attend the
webinar and
Announcement
to social media
Preparation of Human May 25, Computer
Certificates Resource 2020
department
Announcement Marketing May 17- Gadgets,
to social media department June 5, 2020 internet
Webinar day Human June 5, 2020 Gadgets
Resource 6:00 am and
Department internet
Head

Organizing comes after defining your objectives and laying out the activities. It
is defined as gathering the resources required to carry out the activities and
allocating the effective and efficient use of these resources. In organizing, there
are two words to consider, effectiveness and efficiency. According to Drucker, a
management consultant effectiveness is doing the right things, while efficiency
means doing things right.

Apart from gathering and allocating resources, organizing also involves

the design and establishment of a management structure that fits the
business or the organization. The management structure shows the hierarchy
of authority, which entails the tasks or accountabilities in the organization. It
also reflects the working relationships among the different positions
management structures such as the reporting arrangement between a manager
and his/her subordinates, and the lines of communication between and
among the different positions. Let us see in the figure the organizing tasks of a
manager.

What are the reporting

and communication
Where will I arrangements that I
get the will expect from my
resources? staff?

Where will I get

the resources?

Figure 2. Organizing Tasks of a Manager

Leading is the third function of management which is the most broadly

defined. It is a process which encompasses the following:
a. influencing other people to perform the way you wish them to;
b. directing other people to achieve the desired objectives;
c. coordinating the proper implementation of activities;
d. communicating effectively across various groups; and
e. motivating individuals to perform their best.
(Schermerhorn, 2011; Dyck and Neubert, 2012).

Leadership requires establishing and maintaining a good working

relationship between the leader and his/her subordinates. It is through this
relationship that the leader is able to connect and communicate with, direct,
coordinate, influence and motivate the team. A leader must be able to relate
well with the rest of the team to help them realize their potentials and
maximize them for the accomplishment of the team’s goal. The leader inspires
the team by being a role model of work excellence and upright behavior.
He/She is like a musical conductor in an orchestra who knows how to instruct
the actions of individual members so that the end result is a well-coordinated
and effective performance.

Controlling is defined as monitoring and evaluation of activities

undertaken in relation to the stated objectives (Schermerhorn, 2011). It
involves the following:
a. identifying the gap (variance) between what was planned and
what was accomplished in terms of quantity and quality of work;
b. determining the main cause of problems encountered during
implementation;
c. finding ways to correct those problems;
d. preventing those problems from recurring; and
e. seeking new ways to improve how things will be done in the
future.

An example of this management function is controlling for costs and

revenues. The manager should be able to compare the planned versus the
actual expenditures as well as their target sales versus the actual revenues.
This will gauge if the business is minimizing the cost and maximizing the
profits.

RESOURCES

In management, resources pertain to people, time, money, materials,

machines, equipment, land, building, technology, information and
communication systems and other forms of material and nonmaterial things.
They are essential to achieve specific objectives. Without the proper resources,
the manager would not be able to run the business or organization effectively.
For example, it is impossible for the Bank manager to provide the financial
services if there are no qualified employees to assist him/her.

OBJECTIVES

Management starts with having a clear set of objectives. There are five
important guides in setting management objectives known as SMART:

a. SPECIFIC. The objectives should be in a form of sufficient detail in

terms of quantity or quality.
b. MEASURABLE. The objectives can be assessed and verified through
objective performance indicator.
c. ATTAINABLE. The objectives can be achieved by finding your own
ways or strategies.
d. REALISTIC. The objectives can be accomplished given the current
and planned level of resources that you have.
e. TIME-BOUND. The objectives can be accomplished within a definite
time period.
 Clear objectives serve as a road map to where you really want to go.
Without a clear idea of what you intend to accomplish, you will just go along
with your life wasting time, resources, and most especially your unique talent.

REFLECT UPON
God created us to reign over His creation ( resources). To reign over
something (manage) means to have absolute authority and control over it. God
delegated some of His authority to the human race, He expected us to take
responsibility for the environment and other creatures that share in our planet.
We must not be careless and wasteful as we fulfill this charge.

MANAGEMENT THEORIES
Management theories may be grouped into three main schools of thought
or management approaches:
1. Classical Management. This was developed during 1900-1930. This
theory looks at management mainly from a “rational” perspective that
assumes there is “one best way” to do things. Its primary goal is
maximizing productivity and efficiency (Flores, 2017).

This theory gave birth to a micro view of management which

perceives organizations as “closed systems,” with primary focus on the
internal functions and operations of the firm. Classical managers give
orders to their staff on what to do, provide them with detailed
procedures on how to do the tasks required, and expect them to follow
exactly what they were told to do. The dominant thoughts under
classical management theories are the following with their proponents:
a. Scientific Management – Frederick Taylor
b. Administrative Principles- Henri Fayol
c. Bureaucratic Organization- Max Weber

2. Behavioral Management Theories. This theory ushered in the “human

relations” view to management approximately during 1930-1950. These
theories aim to satisfy social relations and personal fulfilment to motivate
employees to seek their best performance. In contrast to classical
approach that is task oriented, the behavioral approach is people-
oriented (Flores, 2017). Employees are regarded as the most valuable
resources of the organization and hence, their work satisfaction must be
improved. The four dominant thoughts and their proponents under
behavioral management are the following:
a. Behavioral Movement- Elton Mayo
b. Cooperative Systems- Chester Barnard
c. Theory X and Theory Y- Douglas McGregor
d. Hierarchy of Needs – Abraham Maslow
 3. Modern Management Theories. These came in approximately during
1950-1980. It involves several views and techniques. One of them is the
use of quantitative analysis and tools in business, such as in production
and operations management. For example, in inventory management, a
commonly used technique is the economic order quantity (EOQ) model. It
helps determine the amount to be ordered, the amount to be ordered
when the inventory is replenished and the time to reorder the stocks.
(Anderson, et al., 2011).
Another approach to modern management is what we call the
“open systems.” It is viewed that organization interact with the
environment to transform inputs (people, information, money, supplies,
technology) into outputs (goods and services for customers and clients).
It allows an integrated and holistic approach for planning and
coordinating the complex elements in operating a business.
There is also the contingency thinking or situational orientation
as a contribution to modern management. Unique situations are
matched with unique managerial responses such as that in effect “there
is no one best way to manage.”

For example The structure of an organization would depend on

the degree of volatility in the market environment such that during the
peak season for demand of a certain product or service, the number of
staff can increase to accommodate the growing needs for the product or
service. The main contributors to modern management theories and the
dominant ideas are the following:
a. Quality Movement- Edwards Deming and Joseph Juran
b. Modern Management- Peter Drucker
c. Learning Organization – Peter Senge
d. Evidence-based Management – Jeffrey Pfeffer
e. Competitive Strategy- Michael Porter

What’s More

Below are illustrations of effectiveness and efficiency. On your answer

sheets, determine if the given situation is an example of effectiveness or
efficiency by writing them on the blank before each number.
_____________1. The auditing firm XYZ recruits talents by visiting the universities in
different regions of the Philippines. They administer exams in identified
universities and then invite the top performers to attend the final
interview.
_____________2. The auditing firm ABC sends email to different universities and
announces through social media their manpower requirement,
allows interested applicants to undergo online tests and conducts
initial interviews, then invites the top performers to the main office.
____________3. Mr. Aquino bought 2000 sacks of 25 kilos rice and P100,000
worth of groceries to be donated to his employees. Most of the
employees are working at home. He has 50 employees. He prepared
the packed goods and finished delivery in 5 days.
____________4. Ms. Flores was asked by the CEO to plan how to help their
employees in this time of pandemic. She was given a budget of
P500,000.00 to spend in helping those employees. Instead of
buying goods for each employee, Ms. Flores contact each of them to
give their bank account number and deposited the amount allotted
for them.

What I Have Learned

Write your answers to the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How will you define management in your own words?

2. What are the functions of management? Explain each in your own words.

3. Discuss each management theory in your own words.

 What I Can Do

Being given the concept of management and the roles individuals

perform within an organization, it will be of great value to determine where I
stand or know what I am capable of doing within the organization, improve
myself, and perform to the best that I can. At the same time I should be open
to new learnings so that whatever knowledge I would be able to gain, I may
share that to the organization where I belong and help in its success.

Assessment

1 Which of the following are aspects of management?

A. Process, Organizing B. Process, C. People, Money D. Machine,

and Leading Resources and and Time Materials and Time
Objectives
2 It is the process of identifying the objectives of a task, assignment or cause and the
corresponding activities to achieve those objectives
A Organizing B. Leading C. Directing D. Planning
.
3 Prioritizing things to be done to acquire resources in a timely manner
A. Organizing B. Leading C. Directing D. Planning
4 It requires establishing and maintaining good working relationship between the leader
and subordinates.
A. Leadership B. Organizing C. Planning D. Controlling
5 Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Efficiency is better B. Management is an C Efficiency is D. A good manager
than Effectiveness art and science accomplishing .should aim for
your goal with effiency and
minimal cost of effectiveness
waste or used the
least amount of
resources
6 The monitoring and evaluation of costs, revenues, quantity and quality of work a is
function in:
 A. Organizing B. .Planning C. Controlling D Leading
7 SMART objectives stands for:
.
A. Simple, Measurable, B. Simple, C. Simple, D. None
Attainable, Realistic, Time- Manageable, Measurable,
bound Attainable, Realistic, Artistic, Realistic,
Time-bound Time-bound
8 It is a visual planning tool in a form of a summary table which usually contains the
objectives, corresponding activities to accomplish the the given objectives , the persons
responsible for doing the identified activities, the time frame to accomplish each of the
activities and the resources needed.
A. work plan B. Budget C. Team building D. Graph

Additional Activities
1.On a blank page provided, do your own work plan for the first quarter
with the objective of getting the best grade you can for each subject. Let’s say
the first quarter will take 2 and half months and you will start
working/studying on August 24, 2020, you will start from the date the
modules were turned to your parents.
2. If you are a human resource manager and is tasked by the company to
distribute the food packages for your 500 employees. The CEO wants a
satisfied feedback after two weeks. The said food packages were already in the
company’s warehouse. Prepare a workplan to do the task.

References:

Flores, Marivic F. Organization and Management. Mindshapers Co., Inc.

Manila. 2017.

Heinz, Weihrich and Harold Koontz. Management a Global Perspective, 11th ed.
McGraw Hill Education Asia. 2005

Quero, R. (2017). Organization and Management. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from
https://www.diwalearningtown.com

(n.d.). Five Principles of Great Management. Retrieved July 24, 2020, from
http://study.com/academy/topic/organizationalwww.ashford.edu/.../5-
principles-of-great-management

How Management is Both Art and Science? Explained. (2020, April 21). Retrieved September
01, 2020, from https://www.iedunote.com/management-science-art
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