10
Science
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Simple Electric Motor and
Generator
What I Know
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
1. Which of the following principles explains how an electric motors works?
A. magnetic force C. electrolysis
B. magnetism D. electromagnetism
2. Which is NOT a distinguishing feature of an electric generator?
A. Electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical.
B. Electric generator converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
C. It generates electricity.
D. It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
3. What do we call a device that converts electricity into mechanical movement?
A. electric charge C. electric current
B. electric motor D. electric generator
4. What do you call a device that converts mechanical movement into electricity?
A. electric field C. electric generator
B. electric motor D. electric plasma
5. Which of the following situations illustrate how a simple electric motor
works?
A. The energy stored in the car’s batteries is converted into the rotation of
the wheels.
B. Electrical energy turned into rotation of the blades in the food processor
and cut up food.
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
6. Which of the following is a device that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy?
A. vacuum cleaner C. weighing scale
B. bicycle D. all of the above
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7. What two forces are required for generators and electric motors to work?
A. magnetic and thermal C. electric and thermal
B. magnetic and radiant D. electric and magnetic
8. What would happen to the coiled wire in an electric motor model if there is a
repulsion and attraction of the magnetic poles?
A. The coil fluctuates and converts electrical energy into chemical energy.
B. The coil stops and changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.
C. The coil rotates and changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. D.
The coil remains stable.
9. What do you call a huge wheel that rotates when pushed by water, wind, or
steam (associated with generators)?
A. Turbine B. Magnet C. Motor D. Pipe
10. What do you call a devise that produces an electric current when a coil of
wire is wrapped around an iron core and rotated near a magnet?
A. magnet B. car C. generator D. motor
11. He was credited for his discovery of electromagnetic induction.
A. Thomas Edison C. Nikola Tesla
B. Benjamin Franklin D. Michael Faraday
12. Which of the following is the function of commutator in generator?
A. Provide magnetic fields where the coil spins
B. Supplies energy to the generator.
C. Works like a rectifier that changes AC voltage to DC voltage within the
armature winding.
D. Decrease the loss of energy caused by Eddy Current.
13. What are the three basic parts of an electric motor?
A. commutator, stator, and rotor
B. armature, brushes, and battery
C. commutator, armature, and brushes
D. battery, armature, and DC power supply
14. Which of these kitchen appliances does not have an electric motor?
A. water filter C. food processor
B. refrigerator D. all of the above
15. Which of the following is the correct description of the operation of an electric
motor?
A. Electric motor uses electricity.
B. The operation is based on the principle of electromagnetism.
C. The motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy.
D. All of the above
How did you find the pretest? What was your score? If you got 15 items correctly, you
may skip the module. But if you scored 14 and below, you must proceed with the
module.
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Lesson
Simple Electric Motor and
1 Generator
What’s In
Directions: Do you still remember your lessons in Grade 9 about energy
transformation? You need to recall these energy sources and how they transform
energy to other forms of energy. This topic is very much related and helpful for you to
easily understand the topics on the generation and transformation of energy between
electric motor and generator. Below are examples of the sources of energy paired with
words having jumbled letters as clue for identifying them. Rearrange the letters to
form a word(s) that will best describe the pictures of the different sources of energy.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
Bangui Windmill, Ilocos Norte by obra19 from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BANGUI_WINDMILL,ILOCOS_NORTE_2.jpg
1. BOI FEUL 2. IWDN
Palinpinon Geothermal power plant in Sitio Nasulo, Brgy. Puhagan, Valencia, Negros Oriental, Philippines
by Mike Gonzalez (The Coffee) from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puhagan_geothermal_plant.jpg
3. RTEAW 4. HETA
Illustration of Sun on pickpik.com from
https://www.pickpik.com/solar-flare-sun-
eruption-energy-fireball-orange-110243
5. SOLRA Solar panels installed at the Asian Development Bank headquarters in Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, Philippines
from https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiandevelopmentbank/29832018263
4
What’s New
“Electric Motor”
What you need:
• Clean sheet of paper and ballpen
What you have to do:
1. Below are objects normally found at home. List down which has an electric
motor. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
WALL CLOCK STAND FAN FLAT IRON
VASE MOTORCYCLE WATER DISPENSER
PROJECTOR LAPTOP GARBAGE BIN
ADJUSTABLE WRENCH OVEN TOASTER HELMET
5
Directions: On a separate sheet, answer the following questions based from the
activity on page 6.
1. What are those materials with electric motors?
2. What are those materials which do not have electric motors?
3. Describe the materials with electric motors.
4. Describe the materials without electric motors.
5. What do you think is the role of the electric motor in the
materials/appliances?
What is It
Have fun in learning Simple Electric Motor and Generator…
You have probably experienced when at one moment you’re watching your
favorite program on TV and on the next minute you’re groping in the dark because of
power interruption. At such time, you may have wished you had a candle or a
flashlight so that you could see in the dark. How can you make a steady flow of
electricity?
What is a generator?
• A generator converts Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy.
• It produces an electric current when a coil of wire is wrapped around
an iron core and rotated near a magnet.
How does a generator work?
• An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy
obtained from an external source into electrical energy as the output.
Principle of Electromagnetic Induction in Generator
• Modern generators can be attributed to Michael
Faraday’s principle of ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
Faraday discovered that when a conductor moves in
a magnetic field, electrical
charges could be created and directed to create a flow
of current.
• At its most basic, an electrical generator is nothing
more than an electromagnet – moving wire Photograph of Michael Faraday by John
near a magnet to direct the flow of electricity. Watkins on commons.wikimedia.org
It’s similar to how a pump pushes water from https://tinyurl.com/MFaraday
through a pipe.
6
• It is important to understand that a generator does not actually “create”
electrical energy. Instead, it uses the mechanical energy supplied to it to force
the movement of electric charges present in the wire of its windings through
an external electric circuit.
• This flow of electric charges constitutes the output electric current supplied by
the generator. This mechanism can be understood by considering the
generator to be similar to a water pump, which causes the flow of water but
does not actually create the water flowing through it.
How water, wind, and steam make electricity through generator?
1. Water – Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity.
A turbine converts the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy. Then a
generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.
2. Wind - The wind turns the blades of the windmill, known as the turbine, which, in
turn, spins the shaft that turns the coil inside the magnet, known as the generator,
and it produces the electricity.
3. Fossil Fuel/Steam/Heat - Oil is burned to heat water which makes steam. Steam moves
the turbine blades that turn a shaft inside the generator. The shaft spins the coil of
wire inside a magnet in the generator that produces a current of electricity.
What are the main components of a DC generator?
A DC generator is an electrical machine which converts mechanical energy into
direct current electricity.
1. Stator - The main function of the stator
is to provide magnetic fields where the
coil spins. A stator includes two magnets
with opposite polarity facing each other.
These magnets are located to fit in the
region of the rotor.
2. Rotor - A rotor in a DC machine
includes slotted iron laminations with
slots that are stacked to shape a
cylindrical armature core. The function of
the lamination is to decrease the loss
caused due to “Eddy Current”.
3. Commutator - A commutator works
like a rectifier that changes AC voltage to
DC voltage within the armature winding.
It is designed with a copper segment, and
each copper segment is protected from
each other with the help of mica sheets. It
Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator,
is located on the shaft of the machine. cutaway view on commons.wikemedia.org from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water
_turbine_(en_2).svg
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4. Brushes – The Brushes are in constant contact with the commutator and are attached
to the wires leading from the generator. The commutator spins while the brushes remain
stationary, transferring current from the commutator.
5. Shaft – The shaft transfers mechanical energy to the generator and turns the coil
through the magnetic field. The shaft may be turned by a turbine that operates with water,
steam or air, or by other means.
Difference between the AC Generator and the DC Generator
• AC generator produces AC electrical power whereas DC generator produces
DC electrical power
• In DC generator the current flows in one direction whereas in the AC
generators current reverses periodically.
• In DC generator split rings are used they wear out quickly in AC generator
slip rings are used, so they have high efficiency.
• AC generators are used for small domestic applications whereas DC
generators used to power large motors.
What are the top Uses of Generator?
• Back -Up power for your house
• Stand-by power for businesses
• Temporary power in a construction site
• Permanent power to a farm
• Helping main source of electricity to supply the total power required
• Pop concerts, events, and exhibitions
• Caravans/Camping in remote locations Outdoor catering facilities
What is an electric motor?
ELECTRIC MOTOR Figure 1: “Electric Motor” illustrated by Richard C.
Paragas
➢ Anything that changes electricity into motion, meaning electrical energy
into mechanical energy is called an electric
motor.
Basic Principles
➢ Danish physicist HANS CHRISTIAN ØRSTED began
a new scientific era when he discovered that
electricity and magnetism are linked. He
showed by experiment that an electric current
flowing through a wire could move a nearby
magnet. H.C. Ørsted by Christoffer Wilhelm
Eckersberg on
commons.wikimedia.org from
https://tinyurl.com/HCOrsted
8
➢ The discovery of ELECTROMAGNETISM set the stage for the eventual
development of our modern technology-based world.
How do Electric Motors work?
➢ Motors work through the principles of ELECTROMAGNETISM. If you run
electricity through a wire, it creates a magnetic field. If you coil the wire
around a rod and run electricity through the wire, it creates a magnetic field
around the rod. One end of the rod will have a north magnetic pole and the
other will have a south pole. Opposite poles attract one another, like poles
repel. When you surround that rod with other magnets, the rod will rotate
from the attractive and repulsive forces.
What are the parts of an electric motor?
Electric motor designs can vary quite
a lot, though in general they have three main
parts: a rotor, a stator and a commutator.
These three parts use the attractive and
repulsive forces of electromagnetism,
causing the motor to spin continually as long
as it receives a steady flow of electric
current.
A. THE STATOR Figure 2: “Parts of the Electric Motor” illustrated by Richard
C. Paragas
Every electric motor has two essential
parts; one stationary, and one that rotates. The stationary part is the stator. Though
configurations vary, the stator is most often a permanent magnet or row of magnets
lining the edge of the motor casing, which is usually a round plastic drum.
B. THE ROTOR
Inserted into the stator is the rotor, usually consisting of copper wire wound into a
coil around an axle. When electric current flows through the coil, the resulting
magnetic field pushes against the field created by the stator, and makes the axle spin
C. THE COMMUTATOR
1. BASICS – An electric motor has another important component, the commutator, which
sits at one end of the coil. It is a metal ring divided into two halves. It reverses the
electrical current in the coil each time the coil rotates half a turn. The commutator
periodically reverses the current between the rotor and the external circuit, or the battery.
This ensures that the ends of coils do not move in opposite directions, and ensures that
the axle spins in one direction.
2. MAGNETIC POLES – BRUSHES AND TERMINALS. At one end of the motor are the brushes
and the terminals. They are at the opposite end from where the rotor exits the motor
casing. The brushes send electrical current to the commutator and are typically made
of graphite. The terminals are the locations where the battery attaches to the motor
and sends the currents to spin the rotor.
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Difference between the AC Motor and the DC Motor
• In the AC Motor, the source of power is AC mains supply whereas in DC motor
power is obtained from batteries.
• In AC motors no commutators and brushes are used whereas in DC motors
these play an important part in their operation.
• In AC motors the armature is stationary and the magnetic field rotates
whereas in DC motors it is vice versa.
• AC motors are suitable for large industrial applications whereas DC motors
are suitable for domestic applications.
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR
Electric motors are extremely
important in modern-day life. They are
used in food processors, vacuum
cleaners, dishwashers, computer
printers, fax machines, video recorders,
machine tools, printing presses,
automobiles, subway systems, sewage
treatment plants, and water pumping
stations, to mention only a few
applications.
Comparison of Motor and Generator
A motor and generator perform opposite functions, but their fundamental
structure is the same. Their structure is a “coil mounted on an axle within a magnetic
field”. An electric motor is used to produce rotational motion from
electrical supply. In a motor, an electric current is passed through the coil. The coil
then creates a magnetic field that interacts with the already existing magnetic field.
This interaction forces the coil to rotate.
For a motor, the input energy is electrical energy and the useful output energy is mechanical
energy.
The generator is used to produce an electric current from rotational motion (on
large scale power stations a “turbine” is used to provide this rotation). In a generator,
the rotation causes the coil to rotate inside the magnetic field. This
induces an alternating current in the coil.
For generator the input energy is mechanical energy and the useful output energy is
electrical energy.
In power stations, it is usually the magnet which is attached to the axel and
rotates with the coils surrounding the magnet. However, the end result is the same.
The motor and the generator are almost similar from the construction point of
view, as both have stator and rotor.
The differences between Motor and Generator are as follows:
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• The motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy, whereas, generator
does the opposite.
• Electricity is used in the motor, but the generator produces the electricity.
• An example of motor is an electric car or bike where electric current is supplied
to the machine or device and it gets converted to mechanical motion and, as a
result, the car or bike moves. The example of generator is that in power
stations, the turbine is used as a device which converts mechanical energy from
the force of water falling from the dam to generate electric energy.
What’s More
Activity 1: “Electric Generator”
What you need:
(Materials locally available at home or nearby)
small plastic board tin can/soda can led lights
plastic bottle cap motor from a broken toy old CD
glue
What you have to do:
A. For the base
• Use a small piece of plastic board, one side is attached with a double-sided
sticky tape.
• All other parts will be held to the exposed side of the double-sided sticky tape
(use hot glue for extra strength).
B. Motor Holder
• Use soda can (one side of the can is placed on sticky layer of the tape. To
increase the strength, use hot glue).
C. Light Source
• Use LED panel, having 24 LED lights from a broken lamp.
• LED panel is glued vertically.
• Connections are made from motor to LED panel
• The end of motor shaft should be attached with a plastic bottle cap and hot
glued.
D. For the Fly wheel
• Use old CDs, glued together.
• Glue the other side of the cap to this flywheel
• Make a handle for rotating the flywheel.
• Rotate the CD using handle provided until the LED glows.
• If the connection between motor and panel does not work properly then try
rotating counter clockwise.
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Your output from this activity will be rated by your teacher according to the following criteria:
Completeness of the Parts (Simple Generator) - 5 points
Functionality - 5 points
Neatness of work/Durability - 5 points
Total - 15 points
Assessment 1
Directions: Choose the best answer from the choices in the parenthesis. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A generator is a machine which converts Mechanical Energy into (Chemical,
Electrical).
2. Generator (uses, produces) electricity, hence, the glowing of the LED lights
when rotation takes place.
3. The generator is used to produce an electric current from (rotational, diagonal)
motion of the CD with handle.
4. Generator works on (Michael Faraday’s, Christian Oersted’s) Electromagnetic
induction.
5. On a large scale power station like the hydroelectric power plant (San Roque
Dam) a (propeller, turbine) is used to provide the rotation.
Activity 2: “Simple Electric Motor”
What you need:
(Materials locally available at home or nearby)
AA Battery small magnet scotch tape
a block of wood wire
What you have to do:
1. Coil the wire around an AA battery at least 10 times.
2. Remove the coil from the battery and wrap the ends of the coil 2 times.
3. Remove the insulation and be careful not to damage the wire.
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4. Cut two pieces of wire about 8 inches.
5. Remove the insulation of each end of the wire.
6. Bend each wire and form an S shape.
7. Attach the wire to the wooden block using tape.
8. Each wire bends about 90o.
9. Make sure that the coil is at the center and is balanced.
10. Put the magnet under the coil and connect the battery.
Your output from this activity will be rated by your teacher according to the following criteria:
Completeness of the Parts ( Simple Electric Motor) - 5 points
Functionality - 5 points
Neatness of work/Durability - 5 points
Total - 15 points
Assessment 2
Directions: Choose the best answer from the choices in the parenthesis. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. An electric motor is a machine which converts Electrical Energy into
(Mechanical, Potential) energy.
2. The (battery, wire) supplies the electric current into the coil and it gets
converted into motion.
3. (Christian Oersted, Michael Faraday) discovered that a magnetic field was
produced by a flow of electric current.
4. When battery is connected, the coil creates a magnetic field that interacts with
the already existing magnetic field brought about by the (battery, magnet).
5. The interaction of magnetic fields from the battery and magnet forces the coil
to (stop, rotate).
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Activity 3: “Comparison of Electric Motor and Generator”
What you need:
Piece of paper and ballpen
What you have to do:
Compare and contrast the Electric Motor and Generator using the Venn diagram.
Choose the answers from the box below.
Similarities
Electric Motor Generator
*Note: The Venn diagram must be photocopied or be copied on a separate sheet of
paper.
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Assessment 3
Directions: Choose the best answer from the choices in the parenthesis. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Electricity is produced in the (motor, generator).
2. Electric bike, where electric current is supplied to the machine as a result of
a movement, is an example of (motor, generator)
3. The generator transforms mechanical into (radiant, electrical) energy, whereas
electric motor does the opposite.
4. Both motor and generator have stator and (commutator, winding poles).
5. The motor converts electrical energy into (mechanical, chemical) energy,
whereas generator does the opposite.
What I Have Learned
Excellent job! You are almost done with the module. Let’s summarize what you
have learned from the lesson and activities by answering the following questions.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What are the similarities and differences between electric motor and
generator?
2. How does electric motor and generator work?
What I Can Do
What you need:
crayons/oil pastel/pencil short coupon bond ruler
pencil/pen
What you have to do:
• Using your creativity and artistic ability, draw how a simple motor and
generator operates/works.
Your output in the poster making will be rated by your teacher using the following
criteria:
Relevance to the Topic 5 points
Creativity 5 points
Neatness 5 points
Color Harmony/Organization 5 points
Total 20 points
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Assessment
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use
a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
1. What do you call an energy converting system that transforms electrical
energy into mechanical movement?
A. Electric motor C. Electric generator
B. Electric field D. Electric plasma
2. Which of the situation below shows how a basic electric motor works?
A. The energy contained in the batteries of the vehicle is transformed into
wheel rotation.
B. Electrical energy converted into blade rotation in the food processor and
cut down food.
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
3. Which is the correct sequence in the operation of generator in the
production of electricity in Hydroelectric Power Plant?
I. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of the falling water into
mechanical energy.
II. Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate
electricity.
III. Once an electrical current has been established, it is directed
through copper wires to power machines and devices.
IV. The generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine
into electrical energy.
A. I, IV, II, III C. IV, I, III, II
B. II, I, IV, III D. III, II, IV, I
4. He was credited for discovering that electric currents create magnetic fields,
which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism.
A. James Maxwell C. Michael Faraday
B. Hans Christian Ørsted D. Alessandro Volta
5. What will happen to the coiled wire in a model of an electric motor if the
magnetic poles are repulsed and attracted?
A. The coil remains stable.
B. The coil fluctuates and converts electrical energy into chemical energy.
C. The coil stops and changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.
D. The coil rotates and changes electrical energy into mechanical energy.
6. What are the three basic parts of an electric generator?
A. commutator, stator, and motor shaft
B. armature, brushes, and battery
C. stator, rotor, and commutator
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D. battery, armature, and DC power supply
7. Which of these is the commutator function in the generator?
A. Acts as a rectifier that converts AC voltage to DC voltage within the
winding of the armature.
B. Diminish the energy loss caused by Eddy Current.
C. Offer magnetic fields where the coil is rotating.
D. Provides electricity to the generator.
8. What do you call a device that generates electrical current when a wire coil is
wrapped around an iron core and rotated close to a magnet?
A. car B. magnet C. motor D. generator
9. Which is NOT a distinctive attribute of an electrical generator?
A. Electric generator turns mechanical energy into electric energy.
B. Electric generator turns electric power into mechanical energy.
C. It provides electricity.
D. It is based upon the electromagnetic induction theory.
10. What do you call a huge wheel (associated with generators) that rotates when
driven by water, wind, or steam?
A. Motor B. Pipe C. Turbine D. Magnet
11. Which of the following is a device that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy?
A. electric bicycle C. rice cooker
B. microwave oven D. all of the above
12. Which of the following is the correct explanation of the electrical motor
operation?
A. Electric motor uses electricity.
B. The operation is based on the principle of electromagnetism.
C. The motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy
D. All of the above
13. What do you call a device that transforms mechanical energy into electrical
energy?
A. electric charge C. electric generator
B. electric motor D. electric current
14. Which is the correct sequence in the operation of simple motor?
I. Magnets placed near one another either attract or repel.
II. The attraction and repulsion causes the wire to jump.
III. Electric current starts to creep along wire; it creates a magnetic field
all around it.
IV. Electrical energy converted to mechanical energy.
V. Temporary magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnet
A. V, IV, II, II, I C. V, III, I, IV, III
B. III, V, I, II, IV D. III, II, IV, I, V
15. Which two forces are required to operate with generators and electric
motors?
A. electric and magnetic C. magnetic and radiant
B. electric and thermal D. magnetic and thermal
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I know that you’ve worked hard. You have accomplished a lot. I hope that you
have understood and appreciated the concept on the Operation of the Simple Electric
Motor and Generator. Keep it up! See you in the next Module.
Additional Activities
A. “Motors Everywhere”
DIRECTIONS: Look around your house and you will find that it is filled with electric
motors. Here’s an interesting experiment for you to try: Walk through your house and
count all the motors you find in the kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, living room and
finally the garage.
Question: In walking through your house, how many devices with electric motors have
you counted in different areas of your house?
*Note: Use a separate sheet for your answer.
B. How Does a Generator Work? (YouTube Video)
*Note: This is an optional activity.
Wait there’s more! You might want to view a YouTube video entitled: “How does a
generator work? Here’s the link of the video:
https://tinyurl.com/OperationOfGenerator
C. Electrical Motor and Generator Comparison
Compose a poem/song that explains the operation of simple electric motor and
generator.
*Note: Use a separate sheet for your composition.
Your output in the poem/song will be rated by your teacher using the following criteria:
Relevance to the Topic 5 points
Creativity/Style and Originality 5 points
Total 10 points
