Assignments of NITTT Module 8

UNIT-I

Practice Task:

Q. I. Fill in the blanks

a) Kinds of institutions may be ____________ , _______ ,________ and _________

b) Management as an activity includes _________ , ____________ and __________ decisions.

c) In the total programme of education, _______and ___________ activities occupy the central position.

d) "______________ is a structured set of activities designed to assess and adjust your curriculum".

Q. II. Short answer questions

1. What are the objectives of Institutional management?

2. What are the various aspects of institutional management?

3. Name the two types of human resources in institutional management.

4. Name the various sources of institutional finances.

5. Briefly discuss the importance of institutional management.

Feedback

A1 a) Cultural, Economic, Recreational and Social control

b) decisional, interpersonal and informational

c) curricular and extra-curricular

d) Curriculum management

All short answers:

1. Objectives of IM:

a. Achievement of the institutions’ objectives.

b. To improve the planning, organizing and implementation of the institutions activities and
processes.
c. To ensure appropriate utilization of human resources (teachers, non- teaching and students)
d. To enhance the efficiency and effectives of institutional infrastructural facilities.
e. To enhance job satisfaction among employees
f. To manage interpersonal conflicts, manage stress and use time effectively.
g. To improve interpersonal communication.

2. Various aspects of institutional management are:

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 a. Management of Curriculum
b. Management of Institutional Human Resources
c. Management of Institutional Finances
d. Management of Infrastructure

3. The two types of human resources in institutional management are:

a. Faculty (teaching and non -teaching)
b. Students
4. The various sources of institutional finances are
a. Contribution of Government and Household
b. Contribution of Foreign Aid
5. Importance of IM:
a. It includes the study of various theories of management science which define and describe the roles
and responsibilities of the educational manager and develop managerial skills.
b. It includes the study of educational planning at macro levels, its goals, principles, approaches and
procedures. At a micro level it helps in understanding and facilitates: Institutional planning and
Educational administration.
c. It helps in decision making and problem –solving, communication and managing information and
building effective teams.
d. It helps in planning of curricular and co-curricular activities, and preparation of time-table.
e. It helps in the maintenance of essential records, evaluating students’ achievements.
f. Financing and budgeting of the institution.
Practice Task

Q. I. Fill in the blanks:

a) The four fundamental functions of management are _________ , _______ , _________ and __________
i.e. planning, organizing, actuating and controlling.

b) __________ deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate
course of actions.

c) The main purpose o staffing is to put _________ on ____________ .

d) “____________is the measurement & correction of ______________of subordinates in order to make sure
that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them are being accomplished”.

Q. II. Short answers:

1) What does the acronym PODSCORB stand for?

2) What are the steps involved in controlling?
3) What do you understand by Organising? Discuss the organising process
4) Discuss briefly the elements of Directing.

Feedback:
A. I. Fill in the blanks:

a) planning, organizing, directing and controlling

b) Planning

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 c) Right man, right job
d) Controlling, performance activities
A. II. Short Answers:

1) PODSCORB stands for Planning, Organising, Directing, Staffing, Coordinating, Reporting and
Budgeting

2. Controlling has following steps:

(a) Setting standards of performance

(b) Measuring actual performance

(c) Comparing actual performance against the standard and

(d) Taking corrective actions to ensure goal accomplishment.

3. According to Henry Fayol, "To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its
functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel".
It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive
relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals
Organizing as a process involves:

 Identification of activities.
 Classification of grouping of activities.
 Assignment of duties.
 Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
 Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships

4. Elements of directing are:

(a) Leadership: Leadership is the process of influencing the actions of a person or a group to attain desired
objectives.

(b) Motivation: Motivation is the work a manager performs to inspire, encourage and
impel people to take required action. It is the process of stimulating people to take
desired courses of action.

(c) Communication: Communication is the transfer of information and understanding

from one person to another. It is a way of reaching others with ideas, facts, and
thoughts.

(d) Supervision: Supervision is seeing that subordinates do their work

and do it as directed. It involves overseeing employees at work

UNIT-II

Practice task:

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) ____________ are the assumptions about the environment in which plans are formulated and executed.

b) Without a _____________ there are chances that the plans may become obsolete and insignificant.

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 c) Planning begins with ___________.

d) The plans derived for various departments which help in the achievement of main plan are called __________

Q2. Short answers:

a) Briefly state the steps of planning process

b) Mention any four characteristics of planning

c) What do you mean by premises?

d) Define derivative plans

Feedback:

A. 1. Fill ups:

a) Planning Premises

b) A regular follow-up

c) Setting of objectives

d) Derivative plans

Q2. a) Steps of planning process are:

1. Setting of goals and objectives

2. Developing the Planning Premises

3. Assessing the alternatives and subsequently choosing the best

4. Formulating derivative plans

5. Ensuring support and participation

6. Follow up/Appraisal of plans

b) Characteristics of planning are:

1. It is goal oriented

2. It is forward looking and futuristic

3. It is present in all levels of management

4. It is an intellectual process.

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Ans. c) Premises are the assumptions about the environment in which plans are formulated and executed. The
development of these premises determines where we have departed from the actual plan and the reasons behind
this deviation.

Ans. d) The plans derived for various departments, units, activities, etc., which help in the achievement of main
plan are called the derivative plans. These derivative plans include policies, procedures, rules, programs,
budgets, schedules, etc

Practice task:

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) ______________ is a programme of development and improvement prepared by an educational institution.

b) An institutional plan must be based on the needs and requirements of _____________ .

c) Institutional planning is important as it leads to the _____________ of the institution

d) Depending upon the circumstances and needs of the institution, the objectives may be ___________ or
____________

Q2. Short questions:

a) Define Institutional Planning?

b) What are the main prerequisites of an institutional plan?

c) What is the scope of institutional planning?

d) Give four points to discuss the importance of Institutional planning.

Feedback:

Ans. 1. Fill in blanks:

a) Institutional planning

b) the staff, students and other stakeholders of the institution

c) overall progress

d) short term or long –term

Ans.2 Short answers:

a) Institutional planning is a part of educational planning and is confined to a particular institution and functions
keeping the goals of that particular institution in mind.

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 b) Prerequisites of an institution plan are:

 It must be based on the needs and requirements of the staff, students and other stakeholders of the
institution.
 It should not just depend on financial and infrastructural support but consider human effort.
 It must be unique and specific which makes it different from others in the same business.
 It must be directed towards pursuing the national goal of attaining excellence with fairness.

c) Scope of inst. planning:

 Improvement of institutional campus/premises

 Improvement of academic facilities
 Improvement of co-curricular activities
 Investigation and Research
d) Importance of institutional planning:
 Institutional planning undoubtedly improves the working of the institution and makes it future ready
thereby leading it to the path of progress.
 It provides direction to educational objectives and recognises contribution of administrators, teachers,
parents, students, educationists and social reformers in the process of planning of education in the country.
 Institutional planning helps the management to make optimum use of the existing resources.
 It helps in aligning institutional goals with National Development
Practice task:

Q.1 Short questions:

a) Discuss the various types of plans
b) Define a policy and procedures
Feedback:
Ans. a) There three types of plans
Strategic, Tactical and Operational Plan
 A strategic plan is a summary of various steps to be taken keeping in mind the goals of the
entire institution. Strategic planning begins with formation of the institution’s mission.

 Tactical plans are the strategies that the head of the institution adopts to achieve the objectives
set in the strategic plan. A tactical plan is concerned with what the lower level units within
each department must do, how they must do it, and who is in charge at each level.

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  Operational plans are the ones developed for short term, may be even less than one year. The
function of these plans is to determine actions or activities to be performed so as to maintain
strategic and tactical plans.
b) Policy -it is a past or current statement or series of statements which explain, recommend or exclude
a course of action or actions to be taken to run the institution. These statements are usually written,
but they could be oral.

Procedure it explains how activities are to be carried out. This procedure will have steps to be taken
at various levels. By defining these steps and the sequence in which they are to be taken, procedures
"provide a standardized way of responding to a repetitive problem".

UNIT-III

Practice Task:
Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) _____________ helps an organisation to proactively shape its future and determine the path and milestones that
determine actual performance.

b) Strategic Planning is a ________ , __________ and __________ process of clarifying the organisation’s
direction.

c) Aligning ____________ in the organisation with the strategic plan is a must for its effective implementation.

d) Any person, group or organisation that can place a claim on an organisation’s attention / resources / output OR is
affected by the output is known as a __________ .

Q2. Short questions:

a) What do you understand by Strategic Planning?

b) How is strategic planning different from long range planning? Mention any two points of difference.

c) Give any two benefits of strategic planning

Feedback:

A. 1. Fill in the blanks:

a. Strategic Planning
b. continuous, participatory and systematic
c. people
d. stakeholder

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A. 2. Short answers:

a) Strategic Planning is a future oriented process wherein an organisation specifies what it wishes to become
and how it proposes to get there.
b) Two points of difference between strategic planning and long range planning are:
 Strategic Planning emphasizes assessment of the environment outside and inside the organisation far
more than long-range planning does. Long Range Planning was the predecessor of Strategic
Planning.
 Strategic Planning relies more on identifying and resolving issues, while L.R.P. focuses more on
specifying goals and objectives and translating them into Budgets.

c) The following are the benefits of Strategic Planning:

 It enhances an institution’s capability to proactively anticipate the changes needed, cause the changes
and manage them.
 It is a bottom up approach, which requires participation of all the STAKEHOLDERS in the planning
process. This involvement, in particular, of the employees of the organisation makes them co-owners
of the plan and increases their commitment to the implementation of the plan.
Practice Task
Q1. Short questions:

a) What makes the planning process Strategic?

b) Mention briefly the various steps in strategic planning process

Feedback:

A1. Short answers:

a. Those actions that enable us to continually adapt, innovate, resolve issues and overcome barriers make the
planning process strategic.
b. Various steps in strategic planning process are

A. Initiate a Strategic Planning Process

 Agreeing on a Strategic Planning Process and committing to it.

 Constituting a Strategic Planning Group.
 Training the members of the Strategic Planning Group.
B. Clarify Institutional Mandate and Mission
C. Conduct ‘SWOT’ Analysis

D. Identify Thrust Areas

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 E. Formulate Goals and Identify Issues

F. Formulate Strategies and Projects

G. Develop Work Plan and Action Plans

H. Develop a Vision for the Institution

Practice Task:
Q1. Fill in the blanks
a) SWOT analysis is conducted in order to identify an organization’s internal ___________ and ___________ along
with ________ and __________.
b) For the internal scan the guide is to examine the four Ps _______ , _________, ___________ and __________ .

Q2. Short questions:

a) Why is SWOT analysis done?

b) What are the four Ps in Internal scan?

c) What are the external factors affecting organisational environment?

d) Name various sources of information for internal and external scans?

Feedback:
A.1 Fill ups:
a. Strengths and Weaknesses , Opportunities and Threats
b. People, Properties, Processes and Products.
A.2. Short answers:
a) SWOT analysis is done in order to identify an organization’s internal Strengths and Weaknesses
and also the Opportunities and Threats posed by its external environment.
b) The four Ps in internal scan are People, Properties, Processes and Products.
c) The external factors are Social, Technological, Environmental, Economic and Political
d) The various sources of information for internal and external scans are
 Questionnaires
 Interview Schedules
 Observation Schedules
Feedback:
A1. Fill in the blanks:
a. Mission
b. Values

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c. Reactive, Inactive, Pre-active and Proactive.
A2. Short answers:
a) Mandate is a brief description of what the organisation must do and is permitted to do by the legitimate
higher authorities in their formal statements, policies and communications.
b) Criteria for Validation of Mandate:

 Does it include all the major responsibilities and duties of your organisation (if not, include
them and make it comprehensive).
 2. Does it contain certain things, which you wish to do? (if so, delete them from the mandate
and include them in your mission statement).

c) Envisioning is the process by which individuals or groups develop a vision or dream of a future state for
their organization that is both clear and powerful to arouse and sustain the actions necessary for that
dream to become a reality.

d) The features of Proactive planning are:

 Designing the future and making it happen

 The institution believes that its own actions can shape its future.
 Focus is on the question of what the institution must do differently in the future.
 Although an institution will need to respond to opportunities and threats beyond its
control, shaping its future can be an interactive effort and allows the institution to
proactively shape its best possible future
e) Components of Vision statement are the following:

 Mission Statement
 Strategic Goals
 Effectiveness Indicators
 Core Values and Ethical Standards
 Basic approach to Strategic Management
 Decision making process
 Short statement or slogan

UNIT-IV

Practice Test

Q1. Short Questions:

a) What is Organising in an institution?

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 b) Mention briefly the characteristics of Organising.

c) What is the importance of organising in an institute?

Feedback:

Ans. a) Organising means collective working of two or more individuals. It involves coordination of activities,
integration of actions and balanced approach of various people working in unison for the achievements of
common goals of an institution.

Ans. b) Characteristics of Organising are:

 It is the basic function of any institutional management

 It is a continuous process
 It involves collective functioning of all authorities
 It involves coordination of all resources
 It is goal oriented
Ans. c) Importance of Organising in an institution:

 Provides framework for superiors and subordinates to work effectively

 Facilitates coordination: amongst various resources of an institution.
 Leads to specialization or division of work amongst different competent people.
 Helps in achieving efficiency of the institute
Practice Test:

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) The __________ of an educational institution is the formal arrangement of roles of faculty and staff in a
hierarchical way.
b) The organisational design should have a _____towards institutional improvement.
c) _________are age old system of administrative hierarchy, based on formal authorities, used to delegate
orderly, fair and logical instructions to subordinates.
d) An institution may have a __________ or a __________ structure.
Q2. Short questions:
a) What is Organisational structure?
b) What do you understand by organisational design?
c) Define Bureaucracies.
d) Name three factors affecting Design of an institution.
e) What are the features of Organic structure (mention any three)
Feedback:

Ans.1. Fill in the blanks:

a) Organisational Structure
b) A holistic approach

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 c) Bureaucracies
d) Mechanistic structure, organic structure
Ans. 2 Short answers:
Ans. a) The Organisational Structure of an educational institution is the formal arrangement of roles of faculty
and staff in a hierarchical way. It’s an institutional configuration showing relationships amongst different
departments and positions.
Ans. b) Organisation Design is a change in the organisational structure, showing its intension to respond to
change, incorporation of new ideas, techniques, procedures, approaches to have an edge over in changing and
challenging society.
Ans. c) Bureaucracies are age old system of administrative hierarchy, based on formal authorities, used to
delegate orderly, fair and logical instructions to subordinates. Such a set up has clear cut division of roles,
authorities, rules, promotional avenues, but based on competencies.
Ans. d) Factors affecting organisational design in an institute:
 Size of the institute
 Life cycle of institution
 Strategy of an institute
Ans. e) Features of organic structure:
 It works better in dynamism and mutual cooperation
 It is based on cooperation of all members of an institution
 It has knowledge based heads or team leaders
 It is less formal in composition
 It is more flexible and less reliant on formal authorities
Practice Test:

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) ____________ means sub letting your authority and powers downwards, from superior to subordinates.
b) __________ , ____________ and ____________ in any educational institute revolve around achieving
institutional goals.
c) Subordinates should be answerable or accountable to a single authority who has delegated him, this is nothing
but ____________.
Q2. Short questions:
a) What is delegation? State the features of delegation
b) What do you understand by Matching authority with delegation?
c) "Responsibility cannot be delegated"- Comment.
d) Give the steps of delegation.
e) Enlist four main advantages of delegating.
Feedback:

Ans.1. Fill in the blanks:

a) Delegation of Authority
b) Authority, Responsibility and Accountability-
c) Unity of command
Ans.2. Short answers:
Ans. a) Delegation of authority means subletting your authority and powers downwards, from superior to
subordinates. It means that someone else is entrusted to do part/parts of your job. It features are:
 Delegation of authority is always result oriented
 Delegation of authority includes assignments of tasks
 Delegation of authority makes one responsible for task accomplishment
Ans. b) Matching authority with delegation means that authority and responsibility are interconnected with each
other; hence it is very important to check that subordinates are given enough authority as per their capabilities to

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 perform the delegated tasks. There should not be any mismatch between the delegated authorities, assigned
responsibilities and personal capabilities.
Ans. c) Responsibility always lies with top administrator, in the accomplishment of any project. So it cannot be
delegated to subordinates. Only authority can be delegated not responsibility.
Ans. d) Steps in the delegation process:
 Assignment of tasks and duties
 Granting of authority
 Creating responsibility and accountability
Ans. e) Delegation helps in
 Effective functioning of the institution
 Quick decision making
 Reduction in managerial load

UNIT-V

Practice Test:
Q1. Fill in the blanks:
a) A group of people with similar thought process, common goals and interests is called a ___________
b) Team size depends on the ___________of the task and the __________ till the task is to be undertaken.
c) _______________ is the budding stage of team formation
d) Teams can be ___________ or ___________
Q1. Short questions:
a) What are the characteristics of team members?
b) What are the characteristics of an effective team?
c) What are the stages of development of teams?
Feedback:

Ans.1. Fill in the blanks:

a) Team

b) Complexity, length of time

c) Forming stage

d) Temporary or permanent

Ans.2. Short answers:

a) Characteristics of team members are

 They should be act in a complementary way
 They should work in unison and help each other
 They should not watch their personal interests on priority
 They should not argue with each other
 They should show egoistic behaviors
b) Characteristics of an effective team are:
 A clear defined goal
 A results-driven structure
 Competent members
 Unified commitment
 Principled leadership
 A collaborative climate

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 c) Stages of team development:
 Forming stage
 Storming stage
 Norming stage
 Performing stage

Practice Test:

Q I: Fill in the blanks:

a) Effective teams are characterised by ------- goals and -------members.

b) Creative solution comes, when members of effective team think ------- box.
c) In ---- teams, members don’t not come in direct contact with each other
Q.II. Write short questions:
a). Write characteristics of different types of “Team Models”.
b). Classify teams on the basis of their longevity.
c). What are various factors determining the success of a team?

Feedback:

Ans-1 Fill ups:

1. Clearly defined, committed
2. Out of
3. Virtual
Ans. II.
a) Various team models are:
 The Traditional Model
 The Team Spirit Model
 The Cutting Edge Model
 The Task Force Model
 The Cyber Team Model

b) Classification of teams on the basis of their longevity:

 Permanent team- don’t get dissolved after the task gets finished
 Temporary team- raised for short while, till the particular task for which the team has been raised , is
going on.
c) Factors determining success of team:
 Nature of leadership
 Team collaboration

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  Team members empowerment
Practice Test:

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) A group of people with similar thought process, common goals and interests is called a ___________
b) Team size depends on the ___________of the task and the __________ till the task is to be undertaken.
c) _______________ is the budding stage of team formation
d) Teams can be ___________ or ___________
Q1. Short questions:
a) What are the characteristics of team members?
b) What are the characteristics of an effective team?
c) Name the various teams models
d) What are the factors determining success of teams?
Feedback:
Ans.1. Fill in the blanks:
a) Team
b) Complexity, length of time
c) Forming stage
d) Temporary or permanent
Ans. 2. Short answers:
a) Characteristics of team members are:

 They should be act in a complementary way

 They should work in unison and help each other
 They should not watch their personal interests on priority
 They should not argue with each other
 They should show egoistic behaviors
b) Characteristics of an effective team are:

 A clear defined goal

 A results-driven structure
 Competent members
 Unified commitment
 Principled leadership
 A collaborative climate
c) Various team models are:

 The Traditional Model

 The Team Spirit Model
 The Cutting Edge Model
 The Task Force Model
 The Cyber Team

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 d) Factors determining success of teams:

 Nature of Leadership
 Team Collaboration

Empowerment of team members

UNIT-VI

Practice task:
Q1) Staffing includes:
a) Work load estimation
b) Appointments of personnel
c) Placement and induction
d) Termination
e) All of these
Q2) Manpower planning is compulsory for:
a) Reduction in industrial unrest through correct planning
b) To make the employee development programmes effective
c) To provide a solid base for recruitment
d) To provide a solid base for selective policy
e) All of these
Q3) Job analysis is a systematic procedure for securing and reporting information defining a:
a) Specific product
b) Specific job
c) Specific goods or service
d) All these
e) None of these
Q4) What is the use of Job analysis?
a) Organisation and Manpower Planning
b) Recruitment
c) Selection
d) All of these
Q5) Job specification includes:
a) Psychological characteristics
b) Physical characteristics
c) Personal characteristics
d) Responsibilities
e) All of these

Feedback:
Answer:
1-e, 2-e, 3-b, 4-d, 5-e
Practice task:
Q-1) Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for _______
in organisation.
a) Jobs
b) Wage
c) Cost
d) Product
e) Termination

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Q-2) Which is the source of recruitment in India?
a) Employment exchange
b) College recruitment
c) Employee reference
d) All of these
Q-3) Recruitment deals with:
a) Identification of existing source of applicants and developing them
b) Creation of new source of applicants
c) Identification of mew source of applicants
d) All of these
e) None of these
Q-4) Selection procedure includes:
a) Application form
b) Reception
c) Employment test
d) Medical test
e) All of these
Q-5) Selection includes:
a) Framing and developing application blanks
b) Checking of references
c) Formulating interviewing techniques
d) All of these
e) None of these
Feedback:
Answer: 1-a, 2-d, 3d-, 4-e, 5-d
Practice task:
Q-1) Which is a technique of training?
a) Demonstration method
b) Vestibule training
c) On the job training
d) Training at training center
e) All of these
Q-2) Training involves:
a) Identification of training needs of the individuals and the institutes
b) Developing suitable training programmes
c) Evaluating the effectiveness of training programmes
d) All of these
e) None of these
Q-3) What is the objectives of training?
a) Increase in employee morale, confidence skill and productivity
b) Awareness of the problems
c) To arouse loyalty towards the institution
d) Better work decisions
e) All of these
Q-4) On the Job Training Methods means:
a) Providing study matters
b) To arrange conference
c) Development of institute
d) To work on the site
e) All of these
Q-5) Which of the following is not benefits of training and development?

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 a) Improve communication between groups and individuals
b) Improve Morale
c) Make the organisation a better place to work and live is morale
d) Development is a sense of growth in learning
e) Helps employees adjust to change
f) None of these
Feedback:
Answer: 1-e, 2-d, 3-e, 4-d, 5- f
UNIT-VII

Practice Task:
1. Which of the following is not usually a characteristic of employee promotion?
a) Upward movement b) Decrease in authority and responsibility
c) Permanency d) Merit or seniority as basis
2. Find the odd man out on the basis of information about kinds of promotion.
a) Horizontal promotion b) Vertical promotion
c) Open system of promotion d) None of these
3. All the following are sources of internal recruiting except:
a) Transfers b) Promotions
c) Advertisements d) Retrained employees
4. Promotion which does not receive any increase in salaries is called:
a) Zero promotion b) Horizontal promotion
c) Dry promotion d) None of these
Feedback:
1. b 2. d 3. c 4. c
Practice Task:

Q1. Which is the method of wage payment?

a) Time wage
b) Piece wage
c) Both of these
d) None of these

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Q2. Under ___________system of compensation is directly linked with the time spent or devoted by an
employee on his job.

a) Piece wage b) Time rate

c) Basic pay d) Both of these

Q3. Which of these is an incorrect statement?

a) Base pay means minimum basic salary

b) Base pay includes traveling allowance
c) Total compensation includes base pay and fringe benefits
d) Total compensation is more than base pay

Q 4. Compensation management consists:

a) Job evaluation
b) Wages and salary administration
c) Fringe benefits
d) All of these

Feedback:

1. c 2. b 3. b 4. d

Practice task:
Q.1 Fill up the followings:

1. Oral directions to subordinate shall be ---------- as far as possible.

2. No Government employee shall be a ---------of or be associated with any political party

3. No Government employee shall employ to work any child below the age of-----------.
4. Conduct rules are applicable to the employees working in government institutions as well as in
-----------.
5. There should ------ be any type of ------- against woman in the working place

Feedback:

1. Avoided
2. Member
3. 14 years
4. Government aided institutions
5. Not, sexual harassment

UNIT-VIII

Practice Task:
1. The function of finance is usually comprises of their basic activities; These are:-
a) Acquisition
b) Allotment
c) Distribution of profit or surplus
d) All of the above
e) None of the above.
2. Functional Areas of Financial Management

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 a) Determining financial needs & sources of funds
b) Financial analysis
c) Fixed assets management
d) Capital budgeting/ Optional capital structure
e) All of above
f) Only Sr. No ii) & iii) of above
3. The main aim of setting Accounting Standard in Institution is to bring about:-
a) Uniformity in financial reporting and
b) to ensure consistency and comparability in the data
c) None of the above
d) All of the above
4. The important stake holders in educations are back bone and have valuable impact on the
financial Planning enlisted as below:-

a) The management/ Administrators and Managers of governing bodies

b) Faculties/ Non-Teaching Staff
c) Students/ Parents
d) Potential employees/ Society
e) All of the above
Feedback:

1. d 2. e 3. d 4. E

Practice Task:
Answer the following Questions:
1. Procurement of ……………or enhancing the utility of existing assets, shall broadly be defined as
……………..
2. Statutory Bodies/Institutions to publish their tender enquiries, corrigenda thereon and details of bid
awards on the…………… …………………
3. Proprietary Article Certificate(PAC) in the prescribed form issued under the provisions of GFR-
2017…………………… from competent authority.
4. It is mandatory for Ministries/ Departments to receive all bids through …………………portals in
respect of all procurements.
5. Ministries or Departments shall procure goods under the powers referred to in Rule 147 above by
following the standard method of obtaining bids in :
(i) Advertised/ Limited Tender Enquiry
(ii) Two-Stage Bidding/ Single Tender Enquiry
(iv) Single Tender Enquiry/ Electronic Reverse Auctions
(v) All of above
(vi) None of above

Feedback:

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Answer:
1. i) Assets ( ii) Capital expenditure
2. Central Public Procurement Portal (CPPP).
3. Rule 166
4. E-procurement
5. (v) All of above
UNIT-IX

Practice task

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) __________ is the potential to influence and drive the group efforts towards the accomplishment of goals.

b) __________gets his authority by virtue of his position while _________gets his authority from his
followers.

c) _____________ is the name given to leadership in an academic setting or institution as a special

subdivision of leadership.

d) A leader must have ____, _____ and ___________ . (Mention any three traits of a leader)

Q2. Short questions

a) Define leadership

b) State any two differences between a leader and a manager

c) What is academic leadership?

d) Mention any four qualities of a good leader.

Feedback:

Ans. 1. Fill in the blanks:

a) Leadership

b) Manager, leader

c) Academic leadership

d) Vision, pleasing personality, communication skills

Ans. 2. Short answers:

a) Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the
human factor which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals.

b) Difference between leader and a manager

 Managers lay down the structure and delegate authority and responsibility whereas leaders provide
direction by developing the institutional vision. They further communicate it to the employees and
inspire them to achieve it.
 Manager gets his authority by virtue of his position in the organization. while leader gets his
authority from his followers

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 c) Academic leadership is the name given to leadership in an academic setting or institution as a special
subdivision of leadership. It includes such roles as creating vision and mission based on science and
research data for the organization, setting up creative ideas and managing teamwork.
d) Qualities of a good leader:

 Must have vision and be futuristic

 Must have good communication skills
 Must be empathetic
 Must have a sense of responsibility and accountability

Practice task:

Q1. Fill in the blanks

a) Trait theory seeks to determine ________________ of effective leaders.

b) ________________ theory advocates servant leadership.

c) Fiedler’s contingency theory of leadership effectiveness was based on the relationship between
_____________ and ____________ .

d) ________________ involves motivating and directing followers primarily through appealing to their own
self-interest

Q2. Short questions:

a) What are the core traits identified in leaders, as per the Traits Theory?

b) According to Transformational leadership theory, what are the four characters to be exhibited by leaders?

c) State two differences between Transformational leader and Transactional leader.

Feedback:

Ans. 1 Fill ups:

a) personal characteristics

b) House’s Path Goal

c) leadership and organizational performance.

d) Transactional leadership

Ans. 2.

a) Leaders as per the Traits Theory must have the following traits:

 Achievement drive
 Leadership motivation
 Honesty and integrity
 Self-confidence
 Cognitive ability
 Emotional Maturity

b) Transformational leaders must exhibit the following four factors:

 Inspirational Motivation

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  Intellectual Stimulation
 Idealized Influence
 Individualized Consideration

c) Two differences between Transactional leadership and Transactional Leadership are:

 Transactional leadership is responsive while Transformational Leadership proactive

 Transactional Leadership is works within the organizational culture while Transformational
Leadership works to change the organizational culture by implementing new ideas
Practice task:
Q1. Fill in the blanks:
a) _____________is one who centralizes the authority in himself and does not delegate authority to his
subordinates.

b) ____________ style of leadership leads to satisfied, motivated and more skilled employee

c) A bureaucratic leader strictly adheres to ___________ and _________.

d) ___________ style of leadership works only when the employees are skilled, loyal, experienced and
intellectual
Q2. Short questions:
a) Name the various styles of leadership.
b) What is the advantage of Democratic leadership style?
c) What style of leadership works when employees are non-participative, lack initiative and loyalty?
Feedback:
Ans. 1. Fill in the blanks:

a) An autocratic leader

b) Democratic

c) Organizational rules and policies

d) Laissez Faire

Ans. 2. Short answers:

a) Different styles of leadership are

 Autocratic leadership style

 The Laissez Faire Leadership
 Democratic/Participative leadership
 Bureaucratic leadership
b) Advantage of democratic leadership style is that it leads to satisfied, motivated and more skilled
employees. It leads to an optimistic work environment and also encourages creativity.

c) The style of leadership that works when employees are non-participative, lack initiative and loyalty is
Autocratic.

UNIT-X

Practice Task:
Q1. Fill in the blanks:
a) The process of communication involves two parties namely _________and _______________

b) ___________ is putting the old wine in the new bottle.

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 c) On the basis of expressions, communication can be _______or _________ .
d) Flow of information or exchange of ideas within any institution, with respect to or irrespective of the
hierarchy is called _________ .

Q2. Short questions:

a) What are the phases involved in the communication process?

b) Why is communication important?

c) Name the 7 Cs of communication.

d) What is non verbal communication?

Feedback:

Ans. 1. Fill in the blanks:

a) Sender, receiver
b) Creativity
c) Oral Communication or Written Communication
d) Internal communication

Ans. 2. Short answers:

a) Phases involved in the communication process are:

 Delivery of information or instructions by sender after encoding as content,

 Use of medium/media to pass on the information
 Finally response of the recipient after the understanding and interpretation of information and
giving back the feedback via media that the communication has been precisely received.
b) Communication is important because:

 It helps in exchange of ideas that are good for faculty as well as institutional growth.
 It reduces work duplicity and makes a common platform for all faculty members to share their
projects, performances, goals and tasks
 It helps in team building and sharing of loads or delegation of work amongst faculty members that
will result in to fragmentation of work and leading to the completion of projects on desired time
line.

c) The 7c are: Clarity, Concreteness, Conciseness, Correctness, Consideration, Completeness, and Courtesy.
d) Communication that is not dependent upon the use of spoken words and is aided by gestures, expressions,
body part movements, body language, body postures, eye contact etc.
Practice task:

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Q1. Short questions

a) What are communication barriers? Name various barriers in communication

b) What is the role of barriers in effective communication?

Feedback:

Ans. 1.

a) Communication barriers are obstacles that lead to the misinterpretation or misunderstanding of the
information sent from the sender to the receiver. Various barriers in communication are Linguistic
barrier, Attitudinal barrier, Emotional barrier, Psychological barrier.

b) Barriers lead to ineffective communication as

 It hampers proper interpretation of words or idea behind the message.

 Leads to Wrong interpretations
 Leads to misunderstanding the receiver
 Does not understand the culture of listener

Practice task:

Q1. Short questions:

a) What are the main guidelines to write an effective email?

b) What points should be kept in mind in using verbal communication?

Feedback:

Ans. 1.

a) Main guidelines to write an effective email are

 Emails should have short, crisp and clear content

 It should be self explanatory
 Avoid use of capital letters, unless required
 It should be grammatically correct
 Try use of Arial font with text size 12
b) Points to be kept in mind in using verbal communication

 Be clear about what you want to say

 Use of language skills-(Try to use active sentences, Use gender neutral language etc)
 Be confident, speak fearlessly
 Stop in between and listen

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  Be honest and understand the listener

UNIT-XI

Practice Task:

A. Define Motivation.
B. Give the correct sequence in the process of motivation.
1. Action 2. Need 3. Relief 4. Tension
a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 2, 4, 1, 3 c) 4, 3, 2, 1 d) 2, 1, 4, 3
C. Which kind of motivation refers to the need to complete a task or perform an activity for the sake of a reward
or an incentive.
Is it True OR False that a motivated behavior is goal directed?
D. Give any three Reasons ‘Why lose motivation’?
E. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of a Motivated Workforce?
a) High Productivity c) High Employee Turnover
True OR False
b) Ingenuity in the use of Resources d) Work conscious

Feedback:

A. Motivation is the process which leads the individual to attempt to satisfy some need.
B. (b).
C. Extrinsic Motivation.
D. Yes, you are true, a motivated behaviour is goal directed.
E. Lack of Confidence Lack of Focus and Lack of Direction.
F. (c).
Practice Task:

F. Which of the following theories of motivation focus on the needs a person is trying to satisfy and the features
of the work environment that seem to satisfy those needs?
a) Process theories  c) Content theories

b) Situational theories d) Motivational theories

G. Which of the following is NOT a content theory?

a) Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory  c) Herzberg’s two factor theory

b) McClelland’s Needs Theory d) Vroom’s Expectancy theory

H. Which of the following elements are associated with conditions surrounding the job according to
Herzberg’s two factor theory?
a) Hygiene factors c) Motivating factors

b) Economic factors d) Environmental factors

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 I. Which of the following theories of motivation is concerned with comparing the ratios of inputs to
outcomes they receive against the ratios of other people?
a) Expectancy Theory c) Two Factor Theory

b) Equity Theory d) Need Hierarchy Theory

J. Which of the following theories of motivation deal with the basic components of effort, performance,
and outcomes?
a) Expectancy Theory c) Goal Setting Theory

b) Equity Theory d) Reinforcement Theory

Feedback:

G. (c)
H. (d).
I. (a).
J. (b).
K. (a)
Practice Task:

L. List any five techniques you think are essential for motivating self.
M. List any five techniques you think are essential for motivating others.
Feedback/Self-evaluation to Practice task:

L.Kindly check 6.1 above.

M.Kindly check 6.2 above.

Practice Task:

K. In which of the following Employees 'career hazards' are dealt?

a) Coaching b) Counselling c) Development d) Mentoring

L. A Mentor is one who is:

a) a very smart person

b) giving support and career advice to a less- experienced person

c) a psychologist

d) a counselor

Feedback:

N. (d).
O. (b)

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Practice Task:

M. Which of the following deals with one-to-one collaboration between an external expert and a manager for
developing the leadership skills of the later?
a) Coaching b) Mentoring c) Orientation d) None of these
Is it True OR False ‘Coaching is the application of specific skills to sustain and improve the performance of
employees that managers supervise’?
N. Which of the following is NOT one of the major Coaching Roles?
a) Coach as Guide c) Coach as Mentor
True OR False
b) Coach as Judge d) Coach as Motivator

Feedback:

(B) (a).
(C) Yes, you are True.
(D) (b).
Practice Task:

A. The aim of Counseling is to:

a) ensure that clients are on the correct medication

b) promote personal growth and productivity

c) provide a successful diagnosis in psychopathology

d) solely address behaviour

Feedback:

F. (b).
UNIT-XII

Practice Task:
Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) In the changing educational scenario institutions must be _______ and ______to survive the
globalisation change.

b) Change can be either ________ or ________ .

c) Lewins’s model of change depicts that change management should be ________ .

Q2. Short questions:

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 a) Define Change management.
b) Define the types of change.
c) Name the various stakeholders in the process of change management.
d) Mention any two points to state the importance of planned change management in an institution.
Feedback:
Answer 1. Fill in the blanks

a) adaptable and flexible

b) planned or unplanned
c) permanent
Answer 2. Short answers

a) It is the systematic approach to deal with change both from the perspective of an organisation and on the
individual level.

b) There are two types of change management

 Planned change management- it is a staregic move by the institutions implemented with the
futuristic objective.
 Unplanned change management- it is the immediate response to various unforeseen
implications in the environment due to various reasons.
c) Various stakeholders in the change management process are the management, the faculty and other staff,
research scholars, the students, the society like industry associations etc.

d) The importance of planned change management in an institution:

 It helps in building a platform for more successful and sustainable change for institutions
 Controlling the level of change with the given circumstances and amount of change
happening, it is good to have a planned change.

Practice Task:
Q1. Short questions:

a) Name various levels of creativity

b) Define innovation
c) What are the characteristics of a creative person? Mention any five.
d) What are mini c creativity people?

Feedback:

Answer 1.
a) Levels of creativity are
 Discovery
 Invention and
 Creation
b) Innovation is the implementation or application of a new idea, a more effective devise or process to
find a better solution that meets new and unarticulated requirements.
c) Characteristics of a creative person are:

 Personal traits like persistence, curiosity, energy intellectual

 Self motivation
 Self cognitive abilities like specialized knowledge to work in a particular niche.
 Risk orientation
 Synergistic qualities

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 d) It is the novel and personally meaningful interpretation of experiences, actions and events. It can be
easily nurtured by teachers and parents, and occurs in individuals with flexibility and intelligence in
their thought process.
Practice Task
Q1. Fill in the blanks

a) Creativity is both ________ and _______

b) __________ can capture the interest and excite the mind of students
Q2. Short questions

a) What are the various barriers to creativity?

b) How can you inculcate creativity?
c) Suggest three innovative ideas for teaching.

Feedback:
Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) inherent and acquired

b) Creative teaching
Q2. Short answers:

a) Barriers to creativity are:

 More use of virtual objects rather than real stuff
 Rigidities of rule and regulation in an institute
 Lack clarity of expectations
b) Creativity can be inculcated by the following:
 Make curriculum problem solving based
 Appoint faculty of desired qualities
 Provide openness and freedom to teachers
c) Three innovative ideas for teaching:
 Creative teaching to capture mind of students
 Using audio visual aids
 Incorporation of digital aids like clips, films etc
 Role play and story board teaching

UNIT-XIII

Practice Task:
A. Define a goal.
B. Differentiate between Official and Operative Goals of an organization.
C. State the basic characteristics of a Good Goal.
D. Are the following statements with regard to goal setting True OR False ?
a. Participation of people reduces employee commitment to goals.
b. To avoid confusing employees, leader should never deviate from original plans.
Feedback:
A. A goal is the objective, target or end-result expected from the completion of tasks,
activities, or programs.
B. Official goals are, developed by upper management, whereas Operative goals are those for
which middle management is responsible.

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C. Specific; Challenging; Time Limits; Employee Participation; and Feedback.
D. (a) False (b) False

Practice Task:
E. The best strategy for planning out your time effectively is:
a) Delay any unnecessary work
b) Prioritize all your tasks
c) Ignore all the unexpected work
d) All of these
F. The best time management technique(s) is/are:.
a) Clean up and get organized
b) Concentrate on one key task at a time
c) Make good use of technology
d) All of these
G. Procrastination refers to the tendency of postponing things on to next day.
H. Name the interruptions in the work place.
I. List a number of practical matters which need final attention or adjustment before operational installation of a
system.
Feedback:
E. (b)
F. (d).
G. Yes, you are True.
H. Frequent telephone calls; drop-in visitor without an appointment; colleague indulging in gossip when you in
thought process etc.
Practice Task:
I. A general and enduring positive or negative feeling about some object, person, object,
event or issue is called as a(n)___________.
J. Job involvement is an individual’s general attitude towards his/her job.
K. Attitudes have three components: affect, cognition and behaviour.
L. Work attitudes can be reflected in an institution/organization through
a) Job Satisfaction c) Both (a) and (b)
b) Organizational Commitment d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Feedback:
I. Attitude
J. Yes, the correct answer is False.
K. Yes, the correct answer is True.
L. (c)
UNIT-XIV

Practice Task:
1. ……………….teach us allocation of funds in education.

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 A. Annual Budget B. Cash book C. Bank statement D. None of these

2. Institutional time table means:

A. Institutional working hours B. Activities in Institute

C. Institutional controlling D. None of these

3. The most important tool for Educational institute is:

A. Teaching B. Time table

C. Syllabus D. Assembly
4. Effective institutional environment is effected by:

A. Meeting pupil need B. Empowering staff

C. Friendly environment D. Monthly meeting

5. Major problem in making institutional management effective is:

A. Low literacy rate B. High dropout rate

C. Weak management D. None of these
Feedback:
Answer:-1-A, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C, 5-C
Practice Task:
1. Institutional weakness can be minimized through:

A. Motivation B. Professional skills

C. Allocation of work D. Rewards

2. Pleasant atmosphere can be maintained in Institutes with the cooperation of:

A. Staff members B. Management council

C. Community D. Director

3. The important determent of effective Academic institution is:

A. Communicational skills B. Positive enforcement

C Staff achievements D. Teaching methodology

4. Most successful criteria for effective institutional management is:

A. Planned targets B. Improved performance

C. Stress on future outcomes D. None of these

5. Most preferred and effective institutional performance tool is:

A. Validity B. Reliability
C. Fairness D. None of these

Feedback:

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 Answer: 1- B, 2- A, 3-B, 4-B, 5-A
Practice Task:

Q Fill in the blanks:

1. CCS(CCA) conduct rules came into effect from __________.

2. CCS(CCA) conduct rules are applicable to _________except_________.
3. Suspension can be revoked by the authority who__________.
4. Deemed suspension applies when a govt servant under custody for more than______for criminal or
other charge.
5. _________ involves Censure, withholding of promotion, withholding of increments.
6. _________involves reduction to lower stage in time scale, compulsory retirement, dismissal from
service .
7. No appeal lies beyond _______ days.
8. _________authority is disciplinary authority.
Feedback:

1. 1-12-1965

2. Applies to all central Government Servants including civilians in defence services; does not apply to railway
servants, members of All India Services, persons in casual employment etc

3. Suspended the employee

4. 48 hours

5. Minor penalty

6. Major penalty

7. 45

8. Appointing

UNIT-XV

Practice Task:
1. Which is not an objective of performance appraisal?
A. Measuring the efficiency. B. Designing organizational goal. C.
Maintaining organizational control. D. Assessment of performance.
2. A_____________________is a process of evaluating an employee’s performance of a job in terms of its
requirements.
A. Performance management B. Performance evaluation
C. Performance analysis D. Performance appraisal
3. Aim of performance appraisal is

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 A. Goals of organization B. Goals of employee
C. Both A & B D. Neither A nor B
4. Actual performance of employees are compared with:
A. Other members B. Standard performance C.
Previous performance D. Group performance

5. Actual performance is measured in terms of its:

A. Efficiency and effectiveness B. Business by him
C. Returns to the institution D. Input and output

Feedback:
Answers: 1- B, 2- D, 3- C, 4- B, 5- A
Practice Task:
1. Feedback control system is basically
A. High pass filter B. Low pass filter
C. Band pass filter D. Band stop filter
2. As a result of introduction of negative feedback which of the following will not decrease?
A. Instability B. Bandwidth
C. Overall gain D. Distortion
3. Open loop system is ___________ stable than closed loop system
A. More B. Less
C. Inclined D. Exponential
4. Basic purpose of using Feedback is :
A. To reduce the sensitivity of the system to parameter variations.
B. To increase the bandwidth of the system
C. To reduce the noise and distortion of the system
D. To increase stability of the system
5. Effect of feedback on sensitivity is minimum in:
A. Open loop control system
B. Closed loop control system
C. None of the mentioned
D. Both of the mentioned
Feedback:
Answers: 1-B, 2- B, 3-A, 4-A, 5-B
UNIT-XVI

Practice Task:

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

a) The motive behind __________ is to assist endeavours to enhance the institute’s performance from the
current status.

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 b) Evaluations are conducted to determine ________ , _______ & _______.
c) Mukhopadhyay's Model incorporates both_________ and _______needed for an institution.

Q2. Short questions:

a) What is evaluation?
b) State the obstacles in evaluation
c) Name any five parameters of evaluation.
Feedback:

1. a) Institutional evaluation

b) adequacy, plausibility, and probability trend data

c) trend data, perception based data
2. a) Evaluation is the way to measure and understand the data of an institute to formalised instruments and
standardised scales involved in getting the comparable and replicable results.

b) Obstacles in evaluation are:

● Lack of understanding of the functioning of an institution

● Lack of understanding of the institute’s performance and management

● Lack of understanding of the purpose of evaluation

● Lack of understanding of the adequate techniques of measurement and procedures of judgement.

● Lack of clarity between desirable and achievable goal of the institute

c) Parameters of evaluation:

● Goals/Objectives

● Resources

● Process

● Satisfaction of all stakeholders

● Institution's legitimacy and reputation

Practice Task:

Q1. Short questions

a) Define academic audit

b) What are the features of academic audit

c) What is the scope of academic audit

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 d) State any two benefits of academic audit.

Feedback:

1. Short answers:

a) Academic audit or Educational Audit is a tool for institutional evaluation, where by adequacy of
academic inputs in an education institution are measured. It is a practical approach to professional
accountability within the educational service provided by the institution
b) Features of academic audit
● It is institution based and carried out periodically

● It recognises the uniqueness of each authority, institute or unit

● It involves process of self-evaluation

c) Scope of academic audit covers the following

● Whether the programmes undertaken by the institute have been approved by appropriate
authorities like State Government, Universities, regulatory agencies like AICTE/UGC etc.

● Whether the activities and programmes are being undertaken in a manner leading to fulfilment
of intended objectives

● Whether the activities and the programmes are serving the intended purpose of authorities
efficiently and effectively

● Whether the resources especially funds being utilised for the conduct of programmes and
activities in compliance with applicable laws

● Whether operating rules, regulations, norms and practices adequate and transparent

● Are the needs of various stakeholders like students, parents, potential employers, society,
governing body and statutory authorities being satisfied

d) Benefits of academic audit are:

● Academic audit leads to deeper acknowledgment to all internal processes, systems and
arrangements.

● It enhances involvement of individuals in identifying key performance indicators.

● Audit provides yardsticks for performance judgment

● It enhances personal involvement & professional development of participating staff.

Practice Task:

Q.1Fill ups the followings:

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 Under the first approach, an institution is evaluated in terms of system’s approach of
institutional------- i.e., ------, ----, ----
Q.2 How many approaches are there of assessing the performance of an educational institution?
Q.3 What is the basis of the second approach of assessing the performance of an educational
institution?
Q.4 What does SAR stands for?
Feedback:

Ans.1. design, Input, Process, Output

Ans.2 Two approaches (first and second)
Ans. 3 The second approach of academic audit is based on the evaluation of institutional processes
applied for transmitting the raw input into effective outcome
Ans.4 SAR- Self Appraisal Report
Practice Task:

Q1.Short questions

a) What are the considerations of focus in curriculum and co curricular activities/

b) What are the steps of academic audit

Feedback:

1. Answer:
a) Considerations of focus in curriculum and co-curricular activities are:
● Does the institute consciously design the curriculum and co-curriculum experiences to achieve
program learning outcomes?
● Does the institute/departmental faculty work collaboratively to design the curricula and co-
curricular, or are based on individual experiences, preferences and decisions?
● Does the institute consider the integration of out-of-classroom activities (co-curricular
activities) to complement the curriculum?
● Does the institute consult sources beyond its own faculty while designing the curriculum and
co- curriculum
b) Steps of academic audit are:
● Establishment of objectives and scope of educational audit
● Establishment of terms of reference and the terms in which the outcomes will be announced.
● Finalisation of the self-appraisal report (SAR) and its submission to the auditing team
● Finalisation of audit team( i.e. the persons to involved in the audit process)
● Drawing up of the audit instrument to collect data
● Establishment of the mechanism for collecting data from different sources
● Determination of criteria/ indicators for using data to make evaluative judgements
● Confirmation of the availability of resources required
● Information dissemination about academic audit to all those who need to be involved
● Authorisation to the audit exercise to proceed

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 ● Collection of data
● Recording of data on audit instruments
● Making essential judgements, by applying the agreed criteria/ indicators to data collected
● Drawing up of findings and action plan for improvement
● Making of essential management decisions
● Reviewing the format in which outcomes will be made public
● Announcing results and execution of action plan

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