QUANTITATIVE METHODS OR QUANTITATIVE

ALL QUIZ PRELIMS-FINALS!!!

(some are here some are not)

It is the study of how to collect, organize,

analyze, and interpret numerical information Statistics
from data.
This industry use statistical approaches to
estimate the number of depositors and their Banking
claims for a certain day.

It aims to describe various aspects of the Descriptive Statistics

data obtained in the study.

Statistics is the only science of uncertainty

and not the technology of extracting False
information from data.

Standard Deviation is a measure of how False

spread out is the distribution.

Which is considered as qualitative data? The texture of a rock

It is used to make predictions or comparisons
about a larger group (a population) using Inferential Statistics
information gathered about a small part of
that population.
These are the two main branches of Descriptive and Inferential
statistics.
The statistics are presented in a indefinite
form so they also help in condensing the data False
into important figures.
Descriptive Statistics is the branch of
statistics that involves organizing, displaying True
and describing data.
It is an average of all elements of a set. Mean
When the number of units in a population
are uncountable, and so it is impossible to Infinite
observe all the items of the universe.

It means a subgroup of the members of Sample

population chosen for participation in the
study.
Statistics is only the science of uncertainty
and not the technology of extracting False
information from data.

Statistics help predicts the future course of Forecasting

action of the phenomena.

One disadvantage of the mean is that a small True

number of extreme values can distort its
value.
It is a characteristic that varies from one
individual member of population to another Variable
individual.

It is important to study statistics in order to True

formulate well advance predictions.

Statistics help predicts the future course of Forecasting

action of the phenomena.

The mean is sensitive to any change in value,

unlike the median and mode, where a change True
to an extreme or uncommon value usually
has no effect.

Qualitative data are variables that cannot be True

ordered in logical or natural way.

The measures of central tendency are mean, True

median and mode.
When the number of elements of the
population is fixed and thus making it Finite
possible to enumerate it totality.

Which among the data is a sample? One section out of all IT students

The characteristic of population based on all

units is called parameter while the measure True
of sample observation is called statistic.
These are often used to communicate
research findings and to support hypothesis Statistical Method and Analyses
and give credibility to research and
methodology and conclusions.
Which among the set is bimodal? {12,22,43,22,12}
Example of this are number of episodes of
respiratory arrests or the number of re- Discrete Data
intubations in an intensive care unit.

The randomly selected 100 students for a False

survey is called population.

The population is not confined to people

only, but it may also include animals, events, True
objects, buildings, etc.

Comparison is one of the main functions of

economics as the absolute figures convey a True
very less meaning.

Which among data is sample? One section out of all IT students

The mean is sensitive to any change in value,
unlike the median and mode, where a change True
to extreme or uncommon value has no
effect.

Statistics help predicts the future course of Forecasting

action of the phenomena.
The industry use statistical approaches to
estimate the number of depositors and their Banking
claims for a certain day.

The statistics are presented in a indefinite

form so they also help in condensing the data False
into important figures.

It is used to make predictions or comparisons

about a larger group (a population) using Inferential Statistics
information gathered about a small part of
that population.
Appropriate use of statistical methodology in
data analysis means the data should be False
analyzed in a way that is both scientifically
and statically unreasonable.

It is often based on statements of statistical Modern Science

significance and probability.

Scientific research rarely leads to absolute True

certainly.

Which is another term for dependent value? Predicted Variable

It is the science of uncertainty. Probability and Statistics
It involves the application of specific
statistical techniques to discipline in biology Biostatistics
such as population genetics, epidemiology
and public health.

It is a variable that goes on the y-axis, or Dependent Variable

vertical axis.

It is commonly used for analyzing experiment

results, testing their significance and Statistical Method
displaying the results accordingly.

Scientific data rarely lead to absolute True

conclusions.
The significance of statistical figures can be
seen best when validating solid arguments or True
predictions out of hypotheses or conjectures
that may seem overwhelming to a layman.
Descriptive statistics are very important
because if we simply presented our raw data True
it would be hard to visualize what the data
was showing, especially if there was a lot of
it.
Non-Parametric tests can provide
trustworthy results when the groups have False
different amounts of variability.

Those that make assumptions about the

parameters of the population distribution Parametric Test
from which the sample is drawn.

Non- parametric assume that the data is False

normally distributed.

With this test, you also estimate the

population median and compare it to a 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test
reference/target value.

A skewed distribution is one reason to run a False

parametric test.

Descriptive statistics therefore enables us to

present the data in a more meaningful way, True
which allows simpler interpretation of the
data.
The parametric test is the hypothesis test
which provides generalizations for making True
the statements about the mean of the parent
population.
It arise out of the fact that sampling naturally
incurs sampling error and thus a simple is not Inferential Statistics
expected to perfectly represent the
population.
Non-parametric tests are “distribution-free”
and, as such, can be used for non-Normal True
variables.
A low standard deviation indicates that the
data points are spread out over a wider False
range of values.

What is the average of scores of the subject 2.8

Social Science?

Mean may be influenced profoundly by the Outliers

extreme variables called ________.

The _____, _____, and _____ are the three

commonly used measures of central Mean, Median, Mode
tendency.

Descriptive statistics helps us to simplify large True

amounts of data in a sensible way.

Negative IQR is fine, if your data is in True

descending order.

Descriptive Statistics simply summaries about True

the sample and the measures.

Measures of dispersion aim to provide an False

accurate description of the entire data.

Descriptive Statistics can be used to highlight True

potential relationships between variables.

What is the median of the scores of the 2.5

subject language?

Negative correlation exists if one variable

decreases when the other increases, i.e. the Negative
high numerical values of one variable relate
to low numerical values of the other.
Calculate the correlation coefficient using the =CORREL(Array1, Array2)
CORREL function.

Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was

designed just for linear relationships.
Technically, if we get a low value, or a zero
True
value, it does not mean that there is no
relationship. It just means that there is no
linear relationship.

What type of relationships does a Pearson’s It can only assess a linear relationship
product-moment assess?

If correlation is found between two variables

it means that when there is a systematic True
change in one variable, there is also a
systematic change in other.
It is calculated by taking the ration of the
sample of the two variables to the product of Pearson’s product-moment coefficient
the two standard deviations and illustrates
the strength of linear relationships.
If correlation is found between two variables
it means that when there is _____ change in Systematic
one variable there is systematic change in the
other.
You cannot use a Pearson’s correlation to
understand whether there is an association False
between exam performance and time spent
revising.
The straight line equation y=b0 + b1x is an
example of a linear relationship. This means True
that the changes in one variable are
accompanied by the proportional linear
changes in another variable. If you increase
one variable by 1 and the other by 0.5, this is
a linear change.

The coefficient of determination and the R- False

square (R2) are not the same.
It implies the correlation among the values of Autocorrelation
the same variables but a various times.

Correlation analysis can study a wide range True

of variables and their interrelations.

Methods of correlations and regression

cannot be used in order to analyze the extent False
and the nature of relationships between
different variables.
It is rare to find perfect correlation (+1 or -1). True
If there is correlation found, depending upon
the numerical values measured, this can be True
either positive or negative.

What type of data is required for a Pearson’s

analysis which does not include a Interval or ratio
dichotomous variable?

By what alternative name is Pearson’s Pearson’s Product-Moment

Correlation Analysis is also known?

What does a Pearson’s product-moment Whether there is a relationship

allow you to identify?
between variables

Residual plot in regression analysis is used to False

mean plot of regressors.

_____ correlation exists if one variable

increases simultaneously with the other, i.e. Positive
the high numerical values of one variable
relate to the high numerical values of the
other.
The most popular forms of Chi-Square used
in business studies include Pearson product- False
moment correlation, Spearman Rank
correlation and Autocorrelation.
Correlation analysis as a research method True
offers a range of advantage.

What is your interpretation of the chart? As the price go up, the volume goes
down

It is calculated by changing lagged data with

formula for the Pearson product-moment Autocorrelation Coefficient
correlation coefficient.

If the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation

Coefficient shows zero value, this definitely False
means that there is no relationship between
the two variables.

What must data be in order for a Pearson All of these

product-moment to be conducted?

The correlation coefficient is sensitive to

outlying points therefore the correlation False
coefficient is resistant.

Correlation coefficient ‘r’ is calculated

through the what formula.

The main purpose of ANOVA is to test if two

or more groups differ from each other True
significantly in one or more characteristics.

A t-test compares means, while the ANOVA

compares variances between populations. True
You could technically perform a series of t-
tests on your data.
It is referred to such because it is a test to
prove an assumed cause and effect ANOVA
relationships.

There are commonly two types of ANOVA

tests for univariate analysis – One-Way True
ANOVA and Two-Way ANOVA.
The two-way ANOVA compares the means
between the groups you are interested in False
and determines whether any of those means
are statically significantly different from each
other.

The error deviations within the SSE statistic within groups

measure distances.

If data in two-way classification in displayed

in r rows and k columns, then the degrees of (r-1)(k-1)
freedom for interaction will be….

The error sum of squares can be obtained SSE = SST – SSR - SSC
from the equation in two-way ANOVA.

A one-way ANOVA will tell you that at least True

two groups were different from each other.

Homoscedasticity can be checked using Scatter graph

which type of graph?

What must data be in order for a Pearson’s All of these

product-moment to be conducted?

There would be a non-linear

A bell-shaped curve to a scatter graph would relationship and a Pearson’s product-
suggest what?
moment should not be used

If all points cluster in an ascending line this There would be a strong positive
would suggest what?
relationship

If most points depict a dispersed descending There would be a weak negative

line this would suggest what?
relationship
How should a significance level of 0.000 P < 0.001 or 0.001
ideally be reported in APA format?

This would suggest that there is a

A Pearson test of .876 with a significance significant, strong, positive
level of P < 0.01 would suggest what?
relationship
When reporting a Pearson’s product-moment
in APA format, what letter do you use to This would be r
indicate which test you used?

What correlation can you use if your data do

not meet the assumptions of normal Spearman’s rho
distribution?

This would suggest a weak negative

A Spearman’s test statistic of -.207 with a p = relationship which is approaching
0.057 would suggest what?
significance
When reporting a Spearman’s Rho in APA
format, what letter do you use to indicate This would be r
which test you used?

MAY NEXT PA YAN SA BABA HIHI!!!!!

What does a partial correlation analysis allow
you to do which Pearson’s and/or Spearman It allows you to control covariates
analyses do not?

Which of the following assumptions of

ANOVA can be discarded in case the sample Samples are drawn from a normal
size is large.
population

The sum of squares due to column factor for SST-SSE

one-way analysis of variance is given by:

To test equality of means of more than 2

populations which of the following Analysis of variance
techniques is used.

The degrees of freedom associated with the

denominator (r row & k column) of F-test the k(r-1)
analysis of variance one way are.

The number of rows in which total variance

in a one way analysis of variance partitioned 2
is:

Any difference among the population means

in the analysis of variance will inflate the MS Column
expected value of.

The error sum of squares in one way analysis None of these

of variance is given by.

Test statistic for equality of r population MSC / MSE

means is.
Which of these distributions is used for None of theses
accepting Ho.

Analysis of variance is a statistical method of

comparing the ______ of several Means
populations.

The ____ sum of squares measures the

variability of the observed values around Error
their perspective treatment means.

The _____ sum of squares measures the

variability of the sample treatment means Treatment
around the overall mean.

If the true means of the k populations are Close to 1.00

equal, then MSTR/MSE should be:

If the MSE of an ANOVA for six treatment The pooled standard deviation
groups is known, you can compute

To determine whether the test statistic of

ANOVA is statistically significant, it can be Sample size, number of groups
compared to a critical value. What two pieces
of information are needed to determine the
critical value?
Which of the following is an assumption of
one-way ANOVA comparing samples from All of the above
three or more experimental treatments?

The error deviations within the SSE statistic

measure distances: Within groups
When the k population means are truly Is relatively small compared to the
different from each other, it is likely that the average treatment deviations
average error deviation:

As variability due to chance decreases, the Increase

value of F will

In a study, subjects are randomly assigned to

one of three groups: control, experimental A, The correlation coefficient
or experimental B. After, treatment, the
mean scores for three groups are compared.
The appropriate statistical test for comparing
these means is.
In one-way ANOVA, which of the following is
used within the F-ratio as a measurement of SSE
the variance of individual observations?

When conducting a one-way ANOVA, the

____ the between-treatment variability is Smaller, larger
when compared to the within-treatment
variability, the _____ the value of FDATA will
be tend to be.

When conducting an ANOVA, FDATA will Between 0 and infinity

always falls within what range?

If FDATA = 5, the result is statistically Sometimes

significant.

If FDATA = 0.9, the result is statistically Never

significant.

You obtained a significant test statistic when At least two treatments are different
comparing three treatments in one-way from each other in terms of their
ANOVA. In words, how would you interpret
effect on the mean response
the alternative hypothesis HA?
You carried out an ANOVA on a preliminary
sample of data. You then collected additional
data from the same groups; the difference
The degrees of freedom associated
being that the sample sizes for each group
were increased by a factor of 10, and the with the treatment has increased
within-group variability has decreased
substantially. Which of the following
statements is NOT correct.
If the sample means for each of k treatment
groups were identical (yes, this is extremely 0.0
unlikely), what would be the observed value
of the ANOVA test statistic?
If FDATA follows an F distribution with df1=4
and df2=5, what is the boundary value of F 5.1922
where P(FDATA < F)=0.95?

Suppose the critical region for a certain test The significance level is given by the
of the null hypothesis is of the form F > area to the right of 9.48773 under the
9.49773 and the computed value of F form
appropriate F distribution
the data is 1.86.Then:
Assuming that the null hypothesis being
tested by ANOVA is false, the probability of Less than .05.
obtaining a F ration exceeds the value
reported in the F table as the 95th percentile
is:
Assuming no bias, the total variation in a
response variable is due to error
(unexplained variation) plus differences due
There is evidence for a difference in
to treatments (known variation). If known
variation is large compared to unexplained response due to treatments
variation, which of the following conclusions
is the best?
What would happen if instead of using an Making multiple comparisons with a t-
ANOVA to compare 10 groups, you test increases the probability of
performed multiple tests?
making a Type I error

Describe those groups that have

What is the function of a post-test in reliable differences between group
ANOVA?
means
 Reject H0: At least one of the fish
What is the appropriate interpretation of this populations differs from the others in
test?
terms of their mean weight

If you pooled all the individuals from all three

lakes into a single group, they would have 1.257
standard deviation of:

The value of FCRIT for this test is: 4.2565

The value of FDATA for this test is: 5.39
The null hypothesis for this analysis is: µ1 = µ2 = µ3
ANOVA was used to test the outcomes of
three drug treatments. Each drug was given
to 20 individuals. The MSE for this analysis
4
was 16. What is the standard deviation for all
60 individuals sampled for this study?
Assume that there is no overlap between the
box and whisker plots for three drug Represent evidence against the null
treatments where each drug was
hypothesis of ANOVA
administered to 35 individuals. The box plots
for these data:
In ANOVA with 4 groups and a total sample
size of 44, the computed F statistic is 2.33 is Greater than 0.05
this case, the p-value is:

What would happen if instead of using an

ANOVA to compare 10 groups, you perform
an investigator randomly assigns 30 college
students into three equal size study groups
(early morning, afternoon, late night) to
determine if the period of the day at which
people study has an effect on their retention. There was more variability between
The students lived in a controlled subjects within the same group than
environment for one week, on the third day there was between groups
of the experimental treatment is
administered (study of pre-dertermined
material). On the seventh day the
investigator tests for retention. In computing
his ANOVA table, he sees that his MS within
groups is larger than his MS between groups.
What does this result indicate?