Document Number: NIST-2662

STANDARD Date of Issue: 15/09/2010

Revision Number: 01

Right of Way

1. PURPOSE
This Standard describes the requirements for the design, construction and maintenance
of fencing, access, landscaping and a vegetation free/controlled zone around railway
infrastructure for new construction and major upgrade works.

2. SCOPE
The Standard applies to all infrastructure and land managed by V/Line Passenger under
the Regional Infrastructure Lease.

3. HISTORY
This is a new document. No existing standard for Right of Way exists.

4. DEFINITIONS
Please refer to the V/Line Passenger Corporate Dictionary for abbreviations and terms
used in this Standard.

Native Vegetation (general) – All vegetation that naturally occurs within Australia.
Native Vegetation (protected) – Naturally occurring vegetation protected under the
Fauna & Flora Guarantee Act (Victoria), the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act
(Commonwealth), the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act (Commonwealth) or
local planning scheme provisions.
Indigenous Vegetation – Indigenous plants are desired plants which are native
(naturally occurring within 10 km) to a local area.
Weed – Any plant not desired (including, noxious weeds, environmental weeds, plants to
be removed (not protected) and mown grass weeds.
Noxious Weed – weeds which are subject to statutory removal/control, including seeds
and plant pathogens.
Security fencing – secure fencing comprised of panel height 2.4m with 0.5m flat loop
razor wire on top
Platform fencing – standard galvanised, powder-coated fencing for use on station
platforms
Safety fencing – welded mesh or chain link safety fencing of minimum height 1.8m for
use in areas of urban activity and corridors operating peak services.
Farm fencing – standard fencing comprised of wood, metal or concrete posts, droppers
and galvanised wire.

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5. INTRODUCTION
5.1. Introduction
For new construction and major upgrade works the vegetation clearance, access tracks,
fencing and landscaping for railway tracks shall be constructed and maintained to this
standard, which applies to all classes of main lines and sidings. This standard also
captures the long term aim, but not requirements, for the maintenance of existing
infrastructure subject to resource, budgetary and other constraints.

6. VEGETATION AND ACCESS

6.1. Introduction
This section describes the requirement for a vegetation free/controlled zone around
railway infrastructure in order to maintain the safe and efficient function of an existing
railway.
Vegetation clear/controlled areas are required around railway infrastructure and on the
railway reserve. Vegetation management is necessary in order to comply with obligations
under the Regional Infrastructure Lease and various Acts such as the Country Fire
Authority Act, Rail Safety Act and the Catchment and Land Protection Act and includes:
 fire management, especially for the CFA declared fire danger period (Fire
management procedures must comply with the requirements of NIMG-2760 – Fire
Prevention and Management Information);
 weed management;
 maintaining sighting visibility;
 maintaining a safe environment for persons on the railway reserve;
 protecting drainage systems and adjoining properties; and
 maintaining the safety and integrity of rail infrastructure and rolling stock; including
keeping track fittings and trackside furniture unhindered and clearly visible, and
minimising the risk of locomotive slippage.

Trees and larger vegetation must not be allowed to impinge upon the track clearance
area at any time. To minimise the risk of trees falling onto tracks they must be located at
a distance from the track exceeding the maximum expected height of the mature tree (H)
plus 5 metres. All trees must be at least six metres from the outermost track (track centre
to outer foliage), trees must be located outside the drains at the bottom of the formation
and tree roots must never be allowed to cause physical damage to the track formation.
When planting new trees allowance must be made for tree growth and movement during
windy conditions. (Refer figure 1 – vegetation clearance envelope around tracks).

Rail tracks must be kept vegetation free to a distance of at least six metres either side of
track centre. Vegetation free requires a minimum 90% kill / suppression of vegetation
along any single kilometre stretch with the remaining 10% not exceeding 75mm for any
period of six weeks.

Vegetation must not be allowed to invade the ballasted area on operational lines.

Growth on any area of the rail reserve within urban areas should comply with local
council guidelines and must never impede line of sight or access to the track.

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Yards, terminals, sidings and level crossings are required to be kept “vegetation free”.
Major yards require 95% kill / suppression of vegetation with the remaining 5% not
exceeding 50mm. Non-operational lines are not required to be kept “vegetation free” but
should be treated to a minimum distance of four metres from track centre on a regular (at
least annual) basis.

Signals and communications equipment, including; equipment and location boxes,

signals, radio huts, power poles and signs, must be kept vegetation free to a perimeter of
at least 2.5 metres. Overhead signal and communication lines must be clear of trees and
other vegetation to a distance of at least two metres. To minimise the risk of trees falling
onto signals, communications, electrical equipment or other rail infrastructure all trees
must be at least H+5 metres from the equipment, where H represents the mature height
of the tree.

Vegetation must never be allowed to restrict the driver’s view of a public level crossing or
its associated signals and signs. Clear sighting distance for inside curves should be 25
seconds (minimum of 400 metres where 25 seconds can not be achieved). Clear sighting
distance for level crossing approaches should be 25 seconds (minimum of 400 metres
where 25 seconds can not be achieved) for locomotive drivers and at least 200m for
automobile drivers. Vegetation clearance envelopes on approaches to level crossings
must comply with the requirements of NIPR-2714 Inspection and Assessment of Level
Crossings, Section 6.3 Sight Distances at Level Crossings and AS 1742.7 Manual of
uniform traffic control devices, Part 7: Railway crossings.

Vegetation management activities across the rail network must comply with applicable
Commonwealth, State and local legislation, regulations and permits; and aim to achieve a
best practice approach. Disturbance to vegetation and soil on rail reserves may promote
invasion of environmental weeds, spread of pathogens, and increase the risk of soil
erosion and possible pollution of waterways, and since these problems create expensive
long-term management, it is sound environmental and business practice to keep
disturbance to a minimum.

Construction and/or maintenance works within or near the rail reserve must minimise
environmental damage, destruction of and/or disturbance to native plants and animals.
Protected native vegetation or fauna areas (whether in bio-sites or elsewhere) should be
fenced and/or signed. Signage should be placed at the start and the end of the area
concerned and placed on both sides of the track. Signs should provide a simple
explanation of the protected element, so that maintenance activities can be carried out
with appropriate care.

Relevant Commonwealth and State legislation includes:

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 1999; Flora and Fauna
Guarantee Act, 1988; Wildlife Act 1975; Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 (CaLP
Act); Country Fire Authority Act 1958; Planning and Environment Act 1987; Environment
Protection Act 1970, Plant Health & Plant Products Act 1995, Metropolitan Fire Brigades
Act 1958, Conservation, Forests and Lands Act 1987, National Parks Act 1975, Heritage
Act 1995, Transport Act 1983, Rail Corporations Act 1996, Rail Safety Act 2006,
Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, Archaeological & Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972.

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Figure 1 – VEGETATION CLEARANCE ENVELOPE AROUND TRACKS

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6.2. Vegetation Management

Vegetation may be controlled and/or removed by chemical spray or by mechanical
means, such as slashing, grading or cutting. The selected vegetation management
method used depends on the circumstances. For instance, chemical sprays may be used
to control weeds on and around the railway tracks, drainage, access roads and even
signalling equipment (with strictly controlled conditions). Mechanical methods may be
used to remove trees/shrubs posing a safety hazard.
Figure 1 Vegetation Clearance Envelope Around Tracks depicts the typical vegetation
free zone around railway tracks. The activity of vegetation management includes
removing/controlling/lopping etc vegetation that:
1. presents a fire hazard or contributes to a fire hazard
2. is subject to statutory removal/control such as noxious weeds
3. is a safety hazard to rolling stock, rail infrastructure and persons using or on the
railway reserve and/or impacts on the integrity of the rail infrastructure.
4. Inhibits maintenance activities/access or emergency services access
5. Inhibits sighting lines of, for example, signals, signs, level crossings

6.3. External Approvals

Vegetation management may involve the removal/lopping of native vegetation and if so
the goals of avoiding and minimising native vegetation removal shall be considered in
determining the extent of vegetation removal/lopping.
The removal/lopping etc of native vegetation may require external approval:
 Protected vegetation and fauna under the Fauna & Flora Guarantee Act (Vic)
(FFG Act), Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act (Cth) (EPBC Act) -
Permit from the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) / Referral to
the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) may
be required
 Other ‘ordinary’ native vegetation – Planning Approval from local council unless
exempt under Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP)
 Aboriginal scarred trees – Consent to Disturb from Aboriginal Affairs Victoria
(AAV) required
 Other – native and non-native vegetation protected under heritage controls
Figure 2 provides a summary of the approval process.
The DSE Biosites Listing, Biosites (Sites of Conservation Significance) on the Victorian
Railway Lines indentifies locations that contain protected vegetation. However, this is not
an exhaustive list of locations on the railway reserve that contain protected vegetation.

FFG/EPBC Protected Native Vegetation Removal/Lopping etc.

Removal, “taking”, lopping etc of native vegetation that is protected under FFG/EPBC
Acts requires a permit. Severe penalties may apply for failure to comply with this
requirement. Accordingly, prior to removal/lopping of any native vegetation, Supervisors
shall be required to establish whether the vegetation is protected under the FFG/EPBC
Acts. Also, a permit may be required if the vegetation removal etc affects the habitat of

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protected fauna. Therefore due diligence must be exercised regarding native flora and
fauna requirements before undertaking activities such as:
 trafficking off access roads, standsites, or other disturbed areas, or
 removing or lopping native vegetation
 (consequentially) damaging/smothering native vegetation as result of another
activity , e.g. felling trees, accessing the work location, placing/spreading spoil,
storing material etc
Table 1 (adapted from Victorian Rail Industry Environmental Forum (VRIEF), Vegetation
Management Guidelines for Rail Corridors) summarises planning permit requirements.
Activity Planning permit exemptions FFG exemption EPBC exemption
2
Exempt if maintaining an existing track. Exempt if maintaining an
Access tracks No
No, if a new track. existing track. New track - No
Trees or wood are exempt for safety
Sight lines 3 No No
reasons. All other vegetation is not.
Exempt within the rail line formation if
Rail maintenance
land has been previously cleared, where No Exempt if it is an existing use
works
seedlings or regrowth are <10 years old.
Removal of dead
Exempt No No
vegetation
Native vegetation presents an immediate
risk of personal injury or damage to
Emergency Works property. Necessary for emergency Seek advice Seek advice
access or emergency works by a public
authority or municipal council.
Table 1 – Planning Permit Exemptions1
1
Although there may be exemptions from planning permits, there are no exemptions for taking protected
flora or threatened species under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (FFG), and only limited exemptions
under the Environment Protection Biodiversity and Conservation Act (EPBC).
2
If the ‘vehicle access way’ is ancillary to a building, or is necessary for the ongoing operation of the utility,
then removal, destruction or lopping of the minimum extent of native vegetation necessary for the
construction, use and maintenance of the access way is exempt.
3
Transport Act s.9C, Rail Corporation Act s.60 allow for the removal of trees or wood but not shrubs or
ground vegetation.

“Ordinary” Native Vegetation Removal/Lopping etc

The removal/lopping of “ordinary” native vegetation typically requires a planning permit,
unless:
(i) the tree or wood poses an urgent risk to the safety of anyone on or using the
railway track or
(ii) the Planning Permits Exemptions Regime applies. (The DSE/DOT protocols
describe the exemptions regime). The Exemption Regime applies when
carrying out maintenance activities, safety treatments or minor improvements
works.
(i) Trees posing an urgent safety risk may be lopped, pruned or removed to the
minimum extent required. Examples of trees posing a safety risk include:
 obstructing a view of a signal box from the track
 obstructing level crossing sighting lines
 roots damaging rail infrastructure

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 where there is a high risk of a tree falling and fouling the railway line;
(ii) Maintenance activities where the Exemption Regime applies are described in the
DSE/DOT protocols (Victorian Planning Provisions) and include:
 Drainage maintenance;
 Trimming/lopping of vegetation;
 Grass mowing, weeds spraying and edge trimming;
 Removing dead and fallen timber;
 Sign maintenance;
 Maintaining sight lines;
 Fencing maintenance;
 Track surfacing and maintenance;
 Embankments and cuttings maintenance;
 Fire prevention maintenance;
 Maintenance access;
 Tie renewal;
 Pest control;
 Signalling equipment maintenance;
 Aerial and underground services maintenance;
 Buildings, carparks and platforms maintenance;
 Level crossings maintenance;
 Standsites maintenance;
 Bridge/culvert maintenance, including waterway maintenance;
 Structures maintenance;

Maintenance activities using the Exemption Regime and involving the lopping or
pruning of trees will be done using standard industry practices such that no more than
one-third of the foliage is removed from any individual plant and the continued health of
the vegetation is not affected.

Aboriginal Scarred Trees

Scarred trees are found wherever there are mature native trees, especially box and gum
and are usually over 200 years old. If a scarred tree is found on the rail reserve, its
location and condition should be recorded and reported to Aboriginal Affairs Victoria via
the project or maintenance manager.

6.4. Approval Process and Desired Outcomes

Figure 2 (adapted from VRIEF) summarises the permit requirements and approval
process. Note: The desired outcome for approvals for new construction sites are permits
covering both construction and maintenance activities; such that a permanent right of
way is established, with minimal offsets. Permits covering maintenance are desired in
order to avoid the need to reapply for future permits when future maintenance works are
carried out. If conditions are included in such permits; e.g. areas identified as containing
protected flora or fauna species, then it is desirable that such areas be clearly signed
and/or fenced as described in section 6.1 of this document. Any agreement regarding the
creation of offsets must give due consideration to the ongoing maintenance costs
associated with the offset, and not just the construction costs; and must be approved by
the V/Line Infrastructure team as a key stakeholder for maintainability.

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Figure 2– Permit Approval Process for Vegetation Clearance

All required
NO
permits granted?

YES

DO NOT CLEAR
DEWHA referral VEGETATION
may be triggered
– contact
Department
of Environment
& Heritage
NO

YES EPBC listed

species or communities
present?

Apply for FFG

Act Permit

NO

FFG Act
listed species or YES
communities
present?

NO

Significant NO Soil or water NO Permits

Vegetation Register management issues or
granted, Issues
or Heritage local government controls
NO resolved?
listed? over clearing?

YES Local planning

overlays remove YES YES
exemptions?

Liaise with local Apply for

Government and Resolve issues,
Heritage
DSE re: the need seek local
Permits / seek
for a permit government
YES local elders’
approvals.
permission etc

NO Vegetation
exempt from planning
VEGETATION IS controls?

TO BE CLEARED
FROM SITE

YES

Vegetation NO
Native NO
presenting an urgent
vegetation?
safety risk?

CLEAR
VEGETATION
YES

START FINISH

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6.5. Access Tracks

Introduction
Prior to commencement of any new construction work requiring vehicles, plant, site
material storage etc a site survey must be taken to determine acceptable locations for
vehicle/plant parking, maintenance and washing; materials storage and access roads.
Pre-existing access roads should be used for access where possible.
The flow of any river, stream or natural waterway must not be reduced, enhanced,
redirected or otherwise modified; including by siltation or erosion, without an
environmental assessment being first undertaken and local water authority approvals
obtained.

Access Track Design and Construction

Guidelines for design and construction of access tracks include:
- The track must be constructed to a width of at least 4 metres.
- The track must be clear of vegetation (both sides and overhead) to allow ready and
safe access.
- Track lengths, which do not provide natural passing opportunities, must be
constructed with passing bays or turnarounds every 200m
- Turnarounds should be constructed every 400m with sufficient space for storage,
turning and passing. (These must be a minimum of 20m x50m; and may be as large
as 30m wide x 100m).
- Passing bays in native vegetation which is protected (whether in reserve, bio-site or
elsewhere) should have a maximum width of 8 metres.
- No-through roads exceeding 60m are only permitted with appropriate signage and
an end-point turnaround in place.
- Turnarounds must be at least 16.0m in diameter.

Figure 3 and associated table 2 show the cross section and construction requirements for
a typical access track.

For safety reasons (i.e. minimise track crossings) single lines should be provided with (as
a minimum) an access track providing continuous access along one side as well as
separate access to all V/Line assets along the other side (i.e. short tracks to other
assets). In some situations continuous access will need to be provided along both sides.
Dual or multiple lines should have access tracks on each side. Access tracks should be
located where they will have the minimal impact on the environment. Environmental
considerations include erosion, cultural heritage, flora and fauna. Where possible, access
tracks should be established on cleared land to minimise damage to native and other
vegetation. Track design should include appropriate erosion control measures. Formed or
cut tracks should be designed and constructed to maintain natural drainage lines.
Provision should be made for run-off from tracks. Watercourse crossings should allow
vehicular access whilst not interfering with stream flow.

Access track limitations must be known and appropriately sign-posted. Included in this
are known hazards, bridge load limits, steep gradients, road narrowing, dead-ends, and
the conditions (fire, rainfall, erosion...) when the track will not be safe. This information
must be known by users of the access track to maximise personal safety and
performance of the track. These factors should be considered at the planning stage. The

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effectiveness of access tracks will be increased by locating them where possible in areas
with low fuel load and not subject to erosion or flooding.

Figure 3– Typical Access Track Cross Section

Construction Property Requirement

Surface Course Best available local material. Free of vegetation and unsuitable materials. Compacted
to a minimum depth of 200mm. Refer NIST 2659 for proof rolling requirements. Note:
After compaction must be capable of facilitating the safe passage of a 15 tonne fire
truck, otherwise surface course must be supplemented with non-local materials.
Subgrade Vegetation removed and compacted (Refer NIST 2659 for proof rolling requirements).
Unsuitable materials (e.g. reactive clay) replaced with suitable fill as required.
Drainage Formation to be free draining on elevated sections at time of initial construction.
Floodways and culverts to be installed and maintained as required.
Road Width (Normal) 4.0m (4.0m pavement width, plus 0.5m non-trafficable / structure clearance and 4 years
vegetation growth clearance each side – assumes 4 year maintenance cycle)
Road Width (Culvert / Elevated 6.0m
Areas etc)
Cross Fall 3-4% (away from rail track)
Drainage Refer NIST 2659 Earthworks and Drainage
CFA requirements for fire access (1) Minimum Road Width: 3.5m (Rural); 5.4m (Residential, parking one side); 7.3m
(Residential, parking both sides) (plus 0.5m structure clearance each side)
(2) Construction Standard: Roads must be constructed so as to facilitate the safe
passage of a laden fire truck (up to 15 tonnes)
(3) Minimum vertical clearance of 4.0m
(4) Maximum Grade: Average - 1 in 7; Maximum - 1 in 5 (for no more than 50m length);
Dips - 1 in 8 entry and exit angle.
(5) Minimum Turnaround Size: circular of diameter 16.0m, or square of width 16.0m
(6) Passing bays: Minimum 20m long, 6m wide, and located not more than 200m apart

Table 2 – Typical Access Track Construction Requirements

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7. FENCING AND SECURITY
7.1. Introduction
This section defines requirements for the construction and maintenance of new fencing
throughout the rail network.
Fencing may be defined according to five broad categories:
(i) Security fencing
(ii) Platform fencing
(iii) Safety fencing (typically urban areas)
(iv) Barrier / Crib fencing
(v) Farm fencing (typically rural areas)

Fencing within the rail reserve will normally be constructed and maintained by V/Line;
and includes, but is not limited to, security fencing and platform fencing. Maintenance
responsibility for fencing to biosites or grazing areas within the rail reserve installed by
DSE, DOT projects, landcare groups, farmers etc remains the responsibility of the
installing party unless otherwise agreed. Boundary fences are normally constructed and
maintained by the adjacent land owner; and include, but are not limited to, safety fencing
and farm fencing. V/Line is not required to provide, or share the cost of, construction or
maintenance of boundary fences. As V/Line is not obligated to contribute to fencing
repairs at property boundaries, dilapidated or damaged property boundary fencing shall
be the obligation of the adjacent landowner to repair unless agreed otherwise or V/Line
activities have caused or contributed to the damage.

Boundary fencing requirements must be determined in line with the following principles:
(i) Rail operations within the corridor
(ii) Activity in the immediate vicinity of the corridor

Consistent with V/Lines obligations under the Rail Safety Act.

Security fencing must be considered for use in locations posing a higher than usual
safety or economic risk. Platform fencing will be used for all stations. Safety fencing
should be considered for use wherever rail operations run peak services and there is
considerable activity in the immediate vicinity of the corridor; including residential zones,
schools, recreation reserves, shopping precincts and other areas where there is a high
risk of the public, in particular children, straying onto the railway track. Farm fencing is
expected as the minimum standard on remote or regional areas which do not operate
peak services, however safety fencing must still be considered for use in localised areas
of such corridors wherever there are pockets of community/pedestrian/industry activity.

Where new track is installed or major upgrades carried out the fencing requirement will
be assessed and depending on the circumstances:
- The rail authority may direct adjoining landowners to construct and maintain fencing;

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- The rail authority may construct and maintain fencing;
- The rail authority may construct fencing for landowners to maintain; or
- There may be no requirement for new fencing.

The responsibility for the construction and maintenance of new fences should be agreed
by all stakeholders prior to construction of the fence.

The following sections 7.2 through 7.7 provide specifications for typical examples of each
fencing type. These examples define the requirements for the construction and
maintenance of new fences throughout the rail network. All fencing designs for new work
or major upgrades shall be approved by the Accredited Rail Operator.

7.2. Typical Security Fencing

This section specifies the requirements for the supply and installation of typical security
fencing and gates. All security fencing and gates shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s requirements.

Security fencing must be considered for use in locations identified as being of particular
danger to the public or where increased security is required for economic reasons.
Particular attention should be given to areas:
 where unusual or concealed dangers exist
 accessible by, and that might constitute or contain allurement for children
 where hazardous substances are stored
 buildings housing high voltage equipment
 Stabling yards and workshops

Materials
Typical security fencing would be of type Gryffin’s Securifor 358 (or V/Line Infrastructure
group approved equivalent – refer examples Appendix 1) and meet the general
requirements specified in Appendix 1. The fence panels must be galvanised welded
mesh (4mm wire diameter), with an approximate aperture of 72mm horizontal by 8mm
vertical. The panel height must be 2.4m with 0.5m flat loop razor wire on top. Inward
angled razor wire must not be used as it poses a safety risk for train drivers entering or
exiting their carriages. All fence components must be galvanised steel.

All gates should match the form and finish of the fence, both in appearance and security,
and finish flush with the fence when in a closed position. Flat loop razor wire is to be
included above all gates to match the form of the fence. Gate hinges must be of
adequate strength for each type of gate and include large bearing surfaces for clamping
in position. The hinges must not twist or turn under the action of the gate and must
prevent the easy lifting of the gates by use of lever or hydraulic lifting aids. Gate latches,
stops and keepers must be provided for all gates. The bottom of any gate must be no
more than 150mm above the concrete base.

Installation

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Support footings for all fence and gate posts should be in accordance with the
manufacturer’s requirements for the given site specific conditions. Footings should be
located with consideration to the position of all proposed and existing underground
services. In some instances modifications may be required to existing services or on site
adjustments required for proposed services, to facilitate the installation of fence/gate
footings. Engineering consultation will be sought in such situations. A continuous 300mm
(minimum) wide, 250mm-450mm (approximate) deep, concrete base is to be located at
the base of all secure fencing and gates to prevent breach by digging underneath. All
fence bracing must be kept within the interior of the complex to avoid offering a foothold
on the attack face of the perimeter. The base of the fence panels are to be secured to the
concrete base in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.

Insulation panels and fittings must be incorporated in fences in close proximity to

overhead power transmission lines.

Maintenance
Security fencing shall be inspected on a regular, at least annual basis. Any breaches of a
security fence or gate shall be secured immediately and reported to the responsible
authority. All security fencing and gates shall be maintained such that all posts remain
firm and vertical; and the intermediate weld mesh remains securely attached, continuous
and taut between posts. Sections requiring replacing shall be as per the requirements for
new fencing and gates specified in this document.

7.3. Typical Platform Fencing

Station platform fencing must meet safety, functionality and architectural requirements.
Station fencing must be designed in line with the principles of station design; recognition
being given to the station category, local environmental conditions, heritage issues, DDA
requirements etc
OPMG-018 – Station Design Principles identifies four different station types:
- Category 1 – Premium Stations (high population catchment, high patronage
and high service frequency)
- Category 2 – Modal Hub Stations (significant modal interchange facilities)
- Category 3 – Commuter Stations (high patronage and high service frequency
during peak times)
- Category 4 – Regional Stations (low population catchment, low patronage
and low service frequency)

Recommended fencing for all platforms, regardless of station category, is 1800mm high
galvanised and powder-coated, heritage red, ARC Vanguard tubular with 40mm x 40mm
horizontal rails and 25mm x 25mm vertical rails spaced at 125mm maximum centres and
crimped spear top. All fencing must be installed and fence posts fixed to the platform in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Platform gates must be
approximately 1000mm wide (except where specific design requirements vary) and
match the form and finish of the fence. Gates may need to be wider where there is a
requirement for vehicles to access the platform for maintenance purposes (e.g. EWP to
access lights on poles). All gates must be installed and gate posts fixed to the platform in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Platform gates should be installed

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at the end of each platform. Gate latches with provision of padlock, stops and keepers
must be provided for all platform gates.

Maintenance
Platform fencing shall be inspected on a regular, at least annual basis. All platform
fencing, gates and latches shall be maintained such that they continue to meet safety,
functionality and architectural requirements. Sections requiring replacing shall be as per
the requirements for new fencing and gates specified in this document.

7.4. Typical Safety Fencing

V/Line is not required to provide, maintain or share the cost of boundary fencing along
the rail corridor, however, in line with heightened community safety awareness, safety
fencing should be considered for use along all corridors where rail operations run peak
services and/or activity in the immediate vicinity of the corridor is higher than normal;
including residential zones, schools, recreation reserves, shopping precincts etc. Even in
remote or rural areas which do not operate peak services, safety fencing should still be
considered for use in locations where there are pockets of community/pedestrian activity.
Where the decision is made for adjoining landowners to construct new fencing they must
construct the fencing to these standards. Safety fencing is installed for the purpose of
excluding access of the public from areas requiring authorized access. Accordingly, all
fencing shall be installed such that ‘exclusion of persons is effectively achieved over the
extent of the fence’. Gaps in fencing must be avoided as far as is practicable. Fencing
should be of chain link or welded mesh type with a minimum height of 1.8m. Welded
mesh fences must be supplied and erected in accordance with this standard. Chain link
fences must be supplied and erected in accordance with this standard and in accordance
with AS1725-2003.

Materials
Chain link fence materials and coatings must be in accordance with AS1725-2003. Wire
must be galvanized to specification W05Z. Welded mesh fence materials without
exception shall be hot dip galvanized. No plastic components shall be permitted for use.
Welded mesh panels, posts and fixings shall be ‘Garden’ brand as manufactured by
Smorgon ARC fences or approved equivalent. All fixings shall be tamper proof. Gates are
to be designed to facilitate locking of from both sides. Ground clearances shall be
sufficient to achieve rotation such that gate is completely clear of access width. Access
width where not clearly delineated by edge of pavement or pathway shall be at least 90
degrees to the fence alignment. Gates shall be sourced from same manufacturer as
mesh panels and shall be compatible in appearance.

Installation
Installed fence height must be within tolerance of 50mm from specified height (minimum
1.8m). In most instances fence alignment shall be specified by an offset from rail.
Clearance from base of bottom rail to natural surface shall be a maximum of 100mm.
Where local variations occur in the natural surface profile over a length of less than 2.4m,
a maximum ground clearance of 200mm shall be acceptable. The fence may be either
raked, stepped or a combination of both in order to comply with maximum ground
clearance requirements. Ground Clearance requirements shall not be applicable where
surface variation is due to a provision for drainage. Fence posts shall not be founded
within drains, and fences must not impede drain function. Posts shall be set in concrete
footings with the top of the concrete crowned to shed water. Welded mesh fence panels
shall be attached to posts with standard proprietary manufactured galvanised fittings.

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Chain wire fencing shall be tightened and securely fastened to the posts and line wires.
Fastening to end, corner and gate posts shall be by lacing through each outer mesh with
2.5 mm diameter galvanised tie wire. Chain wire shall be fastened to line posts and line
wires with 2.5 mm diameter galvanised tie wire or clips. The fastenings shall be spaced
at not more than 400 mm intervals on line posts and at not more than 500 mm intervals
on line wires. Hazards, loose or stockpiled material within the fence alignment must be
removed prior to commencement of works. Obstructions may include trees, vegetation,
tree roots, services, concrete slabs or pavements, rocks or other similar objects. The site
shall be review prior to commencement of works to confirm that hazards and loose
material have been removed. Loose or stockpiled material shall not be used as the basis
for satisfying ground clearance requirements. Ground shall be compacted and/or
consolidated.

All work shall be conducted in accordance with V/Line procedures and in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions. Prior to installation there shall be an initial liaison with
service authorities and services should be marked out or otherwise hand proved
(excavated). Permits shall be issued where required. The condition of the site shall not
present any hazard to the public or Rail Operations staff as a result of construction
activities. Where fence is located in an asphalt surface, asphalt shall be reinstated with
cold mix asphalt and compacted to an intact condition. Areas utilized by rail patrons shall
be maintained in a tidy condition throughout the course of the works and appropriate
temporary signage and barriers shall be erected during the course of the works.
Excavations of soil from postholes shall be spread neatly inside the fence line. Any rock
excavated and surplus debris from post holes shall be removed from site. Ground shall
be reinstated to as close to its original condition as possible.

Maintenance
Safety fencing shall be inspected on a regular, at least annual basis. Any breaches of a
safety fence or gate shall be secured immediately and reported to the responsible
authority. All safety fencing and gates shall be maintained such that all posts remain firm
and vertical; and the intermediate wiring or chain wire or weld mesh remains securely
attached, continuous and taut between posts. Sections requiring replacing shall be as per
the requirements for new fencing and gates specified in this document.

7.5. Typical Barrier / Crib Fencing

Barrier or Crib fencing is a ‘half-height’ fence used primarily as a barrier to segregate
and/or to direct the flow of pedestrian traffic around areas such as pedestrian railway
crossings. Barrier fences should be see-through and sufficiently high to discourage
climbing by young children, but sufficiently low to avoid blocking the views of shorter
pedestrians or those using wheelchairs etc.

VRIOGS 003.2-2006, Section 4.4 Criteria for the Infrastructure at Railway Level
Crossings- Pedestrian Crossings defines the requirements for a typical barrier/crib fence.

7.6. Typical Farm Fencing

V/Line is not required to provide, maintain or share the cost of boundary fencing along
the rail corridor; however where the decision is made to construct new fencing in rural or
remote areas which do not operate peak services the following is expected as the typical
standard. Adjoining landowners constructing new fencing are also required to construct to
these standards.

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Posts
Fence posts may be constructed from hardwood, treated pine, steel or concrete
confirming to relevant Australian Standards (refer Table 3). Timber posts and stays shall
be straight, cut from sound timber, free from external bark, splinters or other defects
impacting their use. Untreated timber posts and stays must be hardwood timber in
accordance with AS 2082. Treated timber posts and stays may be hardwood timber in
accordance with AS 2082 or pine in accordance with AS 2858. Steel posts must be hot
dip galvanised in accordance with AS/NZS 4680 and free of distortion or damage.
Tubular steel posts, rails and stays must be of medium grade steel tube in accordance
with AS 1074 and fitted with watertight galvanised steel tops. Non-tubular steel posts
shall be of ‘Star’ or other specified cross section and may be black varnished in place of
galvanising in accordance with AS/NZS 4680. Precast concrete posts shall be steel
reinforced and designed in accordance with AS 3600. Concrete should be N32 standard
strength grade, placed, compacted and cured. Steel reinforcement to comply to AS 3600.

Post Type Material Australian Standard Other Requirements

Timber (Untreated) Hardwood AS 2062
Timber (Treated) Hardwood AS 2062 Hazard Protection Level 4 - AS 1604
Timber (Treated) Treated Pine AS 2858 Hazard Protection Level 4 - AS 1604
Steel Tubular Steel AS 1074 Galvanised - AS/NZS 4680
Steel Star / Cross Section Galvanised - AS/NZS 4680
Concrete Precast Concrete AS 3600 Reinforcing - AS 3600

Table 3 – Australian Standard References for Fence Posts

Fence lines should be marked out prior to construction and trees, logs, stumps, saplings
and undergrowth within 1 m of the fence line removed and disposed of in accordance
with the requirements for vegetation clearance described in Section 6 of this standard.
Any high points which interfere with the fence must be cut down to provide the required
clearance, and low spots must be filled with surplus earth from holes and trimmings. All
posts should be set in line so that the tops line up uniformly without sudden dips or
irregularities. Wires must not be kinked, loose or overstrained. Posts shall be set at least
600 mm into the ground. Posts shall be set solidly and any space left around the posts
shall be backfilled and the backfilling compacted. Concrete and timber posts should be
set in dug or drilled holes. Treated round timber posts and steel posts may be driven
provided the method of driving does not damage the post. Posts at grade changes where
posts are liable to be lifted by strained wires must be at least 2.1 m long, set at least
900 mm into the ground and tied down with galvanised wire to a 600 mm galvanised star
steel post driven into the ground at an angle of 45 degrees. Tolerances for the
construction of new fencing should be ± 20 mm for vertical height and longitudinal line,
and 1 in 50 for verticality.

Droppers
Timber droppers must be sawn hardwood timber in accordance with AS 2082 or pine in
accordance with AS 2858. Bored hardwood droppers should be 50 mm x 38 mm cross
section. Treated hardwood droppers attached without boring should not be less than
35 mm x 19 mm cross section. Pine droppers should be 42 mm x 35 mm minimum size
timber. Metal droppers must be hot dipped galvanised.

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Wire
All wire products including tie wire must comply with the requirements of AS 2423 and be
galvanised in accordance with AS 4534. Plain wires shall run through holes drilled in the
posts or attached to treated posts with staples after straining. Staples should be 50 mm
for treated pine posts and 40 mm for treated hardwood posts. Barbed wire shall be
secured with galvanised tie wire of not less than 2.5 mm diameter passed through holes
bored in the posts, and twisted to the barbed wire on each side of the post, or shall be
stapled to treated posts with staples. Top and bottom wires shall be firmly attached to
droppers by preformed ties or twisted galvanised tie wire of not less than 2.5 mm
diameter. Intermediate wires shall be similarly attached or shall be threaded through
holes bored in the droppers.

Where wire netting is used it must be tight and fastened to timber posts and droppers
with 25 mm staples at 150 mm intervals and to steel posts and droppers with proprietary
galvanised clips or 2.5 mm galvanised tie wire, at 150 mm intervals. The netting must
also be fastened to each wire with 2.5 mm diameter galvanised tie wire or proprietary
galvanised clips at intervals not exceeding 1 m.

Where wire mesh is used it must be attached to the posts and droppers by stapling or
tying the top and bottom line wires and at least every alternate intermediate wire to each
post after straining. Insulation panels and fittings must be incorporated in fences in close
proximity to overhead power transmission lines.

Gates
Gates must be standard proprietary manufactured items with galvanised tubular steel
frame in accordance with AS 4680. Hinges, catches and other fittings for gates must be
standard proprietary manufactured items fabricated from grade 250/300 structural steel
and hot-dipped galvanised in accordance with the requirements of AS 4680.

Gate posts must be firmly set into the ground (in accordance with manufacturers design
and based on ground conditions); and fitted with a supporting strut. Tubular metal posts
shall be set in concrete with the top of the concrete crowned to shed water. Gate hinges
must be securely attached to the gate posts and permit the gate to swing freely, but not
loosely. Each gate must have a galvanised catch to permit secure closing.

Miscellaneous Materials
All ferrous bolts, nuts and washers, must be standard proprietary manufactured items
complying with the requirements of AS/NZS 1111, AS/NZS 1390, AS/NZS 1112 and
AS 1237. Bolts, nuts and washers must be hot-dipped galvanised in accordance with the
requirements of AS 1214. Ties, staples and other minor fittings for fences must be
galvanised standard proprietary manufactured items. All brackets for steel posts and
treated timber posts shall be standard proprietary manufactured items fabricated from
grade 250/300 structural steel and hot-dipped galvanised in accordance with the
requirements of AS 4680. All concrete must be strength grade N20. Steel nails shall be
manufactured in accordance with AS 2334 and shall be hot-dipped galvanised in
accordance with AS 4680.

Maintenance
Fencing shall be inspected on a regular, at least annual basis. All fencing and gates shall
be maintained such that posts remain firm and vertical; and the intermediate wiring
remains attached, continuous and taut between posts. Sections requiring replacing shall
be as per the requirements for new fencing and gates specified in this document.

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7.7. Junctions and Waterways

Fence Junctions
Posts must be placed at junctions where new fences connect to existing fences. The
posts must have braces for every direction of strain at the junction. Wire in existing
fences must be strained and securely fastened to the junction posts. Strainer assemblies
shall be provided at all ends, angles, abrupt changes of grade, and intersections of cross
fences.

Waterways
Where the fence line is intersected by a permanent waterway, the fence should be
returned to the abutment of the bridge or culvert as a “wing” fence. Where fence lines are
intersected by small variable flow waterways, and the exact location is difficult to define,
each case is to be treated on its merits in line with the principles of:
- avoiding storm damage to the fence; and
- retaining effective stock control.

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8. LANDSCAPING
8.1. Introduction
This section applies specifically for new construction and major upgrade works. All
landscaping designs for new work or major upgrades shall be approved by the V/Line
infrastructure manager responsible for routine track maintenance team as a key
stakeholder for maintainability.

Landscaping design for new works must consider:

- the maintainability of the works, including allowance for access;
- environmental factors; avoid creation of bio-sites, fire fuel loads, vermin havens etc;
- line of site and vegetation free clearance zones (refer figure 1); and
- existing and proposed use of adjoining land; and community expectations.

In order to ensure that landscaping works are maintainable slopes must be accessible by
a standard unmodified tractor-mounted slasher without difficulty or risk. Plants requiring
maintenance must not be planted in inaccessible or difficult to reach locations.
Landscaped slopes should be designed to drain away from the track. Where this is not
possible adequate drainage must be provided to allow for the increased run-off.

8.2. Sub-soil preparation

Ripping should be done when soil is at or approaching the plastic limit of dryness. Narrow
tines should be used in rocky ground and winged tines in other ground types. Unwanted
material including weeds, exposed stumps, exposed rocks, rubble, clay lumps and
household or industrial waste must be removed from site and disposed of in accordance
with local and environmental guidelines. Where presence of rock prevents the use of a
narrow tine a standard tine should be used. Alternative techniques should be
implemented where the presence of rock prevents the specified minimum ripping depth
being achieved. Ripping is not permitted in the following areas and hand cultivation
techniques only should be used:
- Areas marked out as containing existing vegetation for protection;
- Within the drip line of woody plants to be retained with trunk diameter of less than
600 mm
- Within a distance of 1.5 times the height of the tree (measured horizontally from the
tree trunk) of woody plants to be retained with a trunk diameter of more than 600 mm

8.3. Topsoil Application

Following subsoil preparation, non-compacted topsoil should be spread on planting
areas. Topsoil collected from the local site should be used in preference to imported
topsoil. Imported topsoil must have suitable nutrient levels to support healthy plant growth
of the species and quantity to be planted. The texture should match that of the local site
topsoil or be of a light to medium friable sandy loam (clay content between 10-15%)
capable of handling when moist but lacking cohesion so that it will fall apart easily. It must
be free of noxious weeds, noxious seeds, plant pathogens, subsoil sods and rubbish.
Contaminants levels must be less than the levels contained in table 5. Stones must be
<5% (by dry weight) with stone size not exceeding 25 mm. Imported topsoil must be
tested and meet the requirements of Table 4. Local site topsoil should also be tested
where its suitability or quality is in doubt to determine requirements for mixing with
supplement soils and or addition of nutrients. Soil additives should be applied prior to
cultivation. Imported topsoil should be inspected prior to use.

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Property Requirement
3
Dry Bulk Density (kg/m ) Bulk density should be >1000
Organic Matter (% by mass) Decomposed = 3 – 15% by mass, Undecomposed = 0 – 5% by mass.
Weed Content and Pathogens Refer AS 4419 5.4.
Wettability Refer AS 4419 5.5
Soil pH 5–8
Phosphorous Content 5-10 (mg/kg Olsen method)
Electrical Conductivity Refer AS 4419 5.6
Dispensability Category Refer AS 4419 5.11
Nitrogen Drawdown Refer AS 4419 5.12
Permeability Refer AS 4419 5.13
Toxicity Refer AS 3743

Table 4 – Quality Requirements for Imported Topsoil

Concentration (total) mg/kg dry

Contaminant
weight
Arsenic 20
Cadmium 3
Chromium (VI) 1
Copper 100
Lead 300
Mercury 1
Molybdenum 40
Nickel 60
Tin 50
Selenium 10
Silver 10
Zinc 200
Cyanide 50
Fluoride 450
Phenols (halogenated) 1
Phenols (non-halogenated) 60
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 7
Benzene 1
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 20
Benzo(a)pyrene 1
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (C6 to C9) 100
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (C10 to C36) 1000
Polychlorinated biphenyls 2
Chlorinated hydrocarbons 1
Organochlorine pesticides 1

Table 5 – Maximum contaminant concentrations allowed in fill

(from EPA Publication 448 Classification of Wastes table 2)

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8.4. Cultivation

Cultivation should break the soil down to a good tilth with 80% of the volume composed
of clods less than 50 mm in diameter. Rotary hoes and other powered cultivators that
might create a hard pan beneath the cultivation should not be used. Cultivation should
not be done when the soil is in a saturated condition. Cultivation should normally be to a
minimum depth of 150mm. Cultivation for grassing in undisturbed areas requires only a
minimum depth of 100mm. No further cultivation is required beyond the initial ripping for
planting on steep slopes (greater than 1:3) or for grassing in disturbed areas. Cultivation
is not required for grassing in disturbed areas and individual tree planting within grassed
areas. Cross ripping should be carried out in these circumstances.

Cultivation requirements are summarised in Table 6

Minimum
Minimum Minimum
Maximum Rip Minimum Cross
Conditions / Slope Ripping Cultivation
Spacing Topsoil Depth Ripping
Depth Depth
Depth
Tree Planting1
400mm 500mm 150mm 300mm Not Required
Grassed Areas

Planting Undisturbed
400mm 500mm Not Required Not Required 150mm
Any slope

Planting Disturbed2
400mm 500mm 150mm Not Required 150mm
slope less than 1:3
Planting Disturbed
slope greater than 300mm 500mm 100mm Not Required Not Required
1:3
Grassing Disturbed
200mm 500mm 75mm 100mm Not Required
Any slope
Grassing
Not
Undisturbed Not Required Not Required Not Required 100mm
Required
Any slope

Table 6 – Ripping, Topsoil & Cultivation Requirements for Planting and Grassing
1
Tree Planting refers to the planting of individual trees each surrounded by mulch or grass
2
Disturbed areas include sites where there soil has been compacted, removed or disturbed due to activity
such as batter construction, fill, excavation, dumping, drainage or machinery movements.

Hand cultivation methods only are permitted within the following:

- Areas containing existing vegetation marked for protection;
- Within the drip line of woody plants to be retained with trunk diameter of less than
600 mm
- Within a distance of 1.5 times the height of the tree (measured horizontally from the
tree trunk) of woody plants to be retained with a trunk diameter of more than 600 mm

In sloped situations the topsoil may be lightly compressed after cultivation. Vibrating
plates should not be used and the dry bulk density must not exceed the levels indicated
in Table 7.

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Soil Texture Maximum Dry Bulk Density for Topsoils

Clay soils (Slope < 1300 kg/m3

3:1)

Clay soils (Slope > 1400 kg/m3

3:1)

Loams 1500 kg/m3

Sandy soils 1700 kg/m3

Table 7 - Maximum compression levels for top soils

8.5. Planting
Selection of suitable plants for landscaping is very important to ensure the landscaping
works become an asset rather than a liability.

Suitably selected plants should:

- provide resistance to future soil erosion;
- inhibit the growth of weeds or high fire risk exotic species;
- improve soil stability;
- reduce water ponding;
- ensure future maintenance and construction costs are manageable.

Indigenous plants should be considered for use where possible, provided they meet
these criteria. Economic issues should not take precedence over environmental
considerations, however selection or positioning of indigenous species that are likely to
present a current or future financial burden is not recommended. Indigenous plants are
desired plants which are native (naturally occurring within 10 km) to the local area.
Indigenous plant stock may be sourced from nursery stock or propagules (cuttings,
seeds, bulbs, corms, rhizomes, etc) located as close to the project site as practicable.
Plants should be sourced from areas with a similar soil type, slope profile and rainfall. If
required permits for native flora collection must be obtained prior to collection. Stock
sourced from different locations must be kept separate with accompanying records
indicating origin of indigenous provenance.

Samples for all plant species, mulch and imported topsoil should be inspected prior to
use. Details of supplier and plant origin should be checked at the time of inspection.
Plants should be clearly labelled with at least one label per species per delivery batch.

Plants and containers must be free from weeds, pests and diseases at time of delivery.
Plants should display a large, well developed and healthy fibrous root system with
repeated and sequential division with no evidence of root curl, restriction or damage.
Roots should be adequate to fill their containers. Tubes should be at least 0.2 litres in
volume. Cells should be at least 0.08 litres in volume. The root ball should have roots
penetrating to the edge of the pot, but should not be pot bound. More than 85% of soil
volume should remain intact when the unsupported root-ball is tested by shaking.

Plant stems and trunk must be sufficient for the trees to be self supporting. Limbs and
trunk must not be damaged and the plant size should be in proportion to the container

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size and the species. Tube stock and cell stock shall not have shoot height greater than
3 times the depth of the container. Plants should have vigorous tip growth and foliage of
a healthy size, texture and colour. Visible attack from previously eliminated pests and
disease must be restricted to less than 10% of the foliage.

All plants should be hardened off for a minimum of 4 weeks in conditions matching
prevailing conditions at the proposed planting location.
Location should be selected so as to optimise the health and vigour of the growing plants,
yet such that the mature form of the plant will comply with requirements for track
clearance and sighting. Protected species should be located as far away from the track
as possible to minimise maintenance costs. Trees must be at least H + 5m from the track
(H represents the mature tree height). Trees must not be planted within the sighting
envelopes on approaches to level crossings as specified in NIPR-2714 Inspection and
Assessment of Level Crossings, Section 6.3 and AS 1742.7, Part 7.

Plant holes in heavy soils or on batters should be prepared so as to ensure adequate

drainage. Holes should not be left smooth sided in basalt or ‘plastic’ soils. Drill or auger
hole diggers should only be used where soils have been cultivated. Planting holes should
be backfilled with friable topsoil free of debris, rocks and clods greater than 50 mm in
diameter. Plant fertilisers should be slow release and suitable for the types of plants in
the area. Plants should not be planted into a dry hole. Dry planting holes must be
saturated with water prior to planting. All plants should be saturated within 8 hours after
planting. Cells and tubes should be irrigated with a minimum 3 litres of water per plant.
Other container sizes should be irrigated with a volume of water greater than the
container size.

8.6. Mulching
Mulch derived from the chipping of local site vegetation should be used where possible.
Protected species and species posing a risk of weed propagation via seeds or cuttings
must not be used for mulching. Imported mulch may be used where suitable local site
mulch is not available in adequate quantity. Mulch should be inspected prior to use.
Mulch should have fibrous properties which 'interlock' the particles so that installed mulch
is not blown away by wind. Mulch must be free of soil and weeds, plant pathogens,
vermin and toxins. Composite and painted timber products must not exceed a maximum
of 1% by weight total. Mulch must be free of treated pine, exposed sharp metal, plastic
and other litter. Mulch used in urban areas must have 95% of particle width’s 40 mm or
less and no longer than 140 mm; with no particles longer than 200 mm. In regional areas
80% of particle size must be 50 mm or less and no longer than 140 mm; with no particles
longer than 400 mm. All wood mulch must be supplied, handled, delivered and applied in
accordance with the requirements of AS 4454.

Mulch should be applied to all planted areas to a depth of 75 mm to 125 mm. Plants on
the outer edges of planted areas should be mulched at least one metre beyond the plant
centres unless kerbs, walls or other boundaries restrict this. Individual trees should be
surrounded by a minimum two metre diameter mulch ring. Mulch should be finished
evenly and neatly and kept clear of plant stems to minimise the likelihood of plant rot.

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8.7. Grassing
Grassing should be considered in areas where soil stabilisation is required, such as
embankments. Selection of grass species and planting locations must be done with
consideration to future maintenance, such that the stabilisation and weed control benefits
are not outweighed by the ongoing maintenance requirements. Suitable selection of
grass species should:
- inhibit the growth of weeds or high fire risk exotic species;
- improve soil stability and provide resistance to erosion;
- ensure future maintenance and construction costs are manageable.

All landscaping designs for grassing shall be approved by the V/Line Infrastructure team,
as a key stakeholder for maintainability; and must comply with the following.

Grass seed must have a minimum purity of 98% and must not contain any noxious weed
seed. Minimum germination rate should be 90% as at the date of seed supply. Seed must
be analysed by an approved National (NATA) or International (ISTA) laboratory. Seed
must be labelled in accordance with the Australian Seed Federation’s National Code of
Practice for Seed Labelling and Marketing. Sterile seed should be used for the temporary
stabilisation of areas which are to be later re-sown or structurally stabilised.

Grass seed should be sown at minimum 100 kg/Ha (if drilled) or 200 kg/Ha (if broadcast),
distributed evenly to achieve an even and dense grass cover. Germination rate should be
minimum 80% cover within 8 weeks and 95% cover within 3 months of sowing. If
germination has not been achieved in any grassed area within 8 weeks (except during
December to March), then the area(s) should be reseeded with the specified grass seed
mix. Fertiliser should be applied evenly over the prepared surface in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations. The first mow should be done when at least 50% of
the grassing area to be cut has grown to minimum 75 mm and maximum 150 mm height.
Cut to a minimum height of 75 mm. Less than 1/3 the height of the grass shall be
removed in the first cut

8.8. Weed and Erosion Control

Weed and erosion control matting should applied in planting areas steeper than 2:1 or in
planting areas within 2 m of waterways, swales, wetlands and areas otherwise prone to
flooding. Matting should be laid and anchored in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Where geotextile matting is used for the purposes of weed control or
temporary erosion protection it should be made from jute or an equivalent biodegradable
fabric. It should have permittivity of at least 0.05 s-1 and be constructed from fire
retardant material. Weed control mat should be at least 700 grams / square metre and
erosion control mat at least 300 grams / square metre. Note: Refer NIPR: 2659 –
Earthworks, Formation and Drainage, Section 8, where geotextiles are to be used for
drainage or soil stabilisation.

Immature plants should be protected and staked. Plant suppliers will advise of the staking
requirements for individual plant types. Stakes should be of sufficient strength to be able
to be hand-driven driven firmly into the earth and remain securely in place when subject
to expected environmental conditions (based upon a five year event). Tree guards should
be opaque plastic with UV inhibiting properties and an undisturbed life span of at least
two years. Stakes should also have a minimum life span of at least two years.

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9. REFERENCES
Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006
Archaeological & Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972
AS 1074 - Steel tubes and tubulars for ordinary service
AS/NZS 1111 - ISO metric hexagon commercial bolts and screws
AS/NZS 1112 - Australian standards, bolts and screws
AS 1214 - Australian standards, Galvanized Steel
AS1237 - Australian standards, Washers
AS 1390 - Australian standards, Bolts
AS 1604 - Standards for Specification of Preservative Treatment
AS1725-2003 – Australian Standard for Chain-link Security Fences and Gates
AS 1742.7 Manual of uniform traffic control devices
AS 2062 - Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing of products and components
AS 2082, Timber – Hardwood – Visually Stress Graded for Structural Purposes
AS 2334 - Australian standards, Nuts
AS 2423 - Coated steel wire fencing products for terrestrial, aquatic and general use
AS 2858, Timber – Softwood – Visually Stress Graded for Structural Purposes
AS 3600 – Concrete Structures
AS 3743 - Potting Mixes
AS 4419 - Soils for Landscaping and garden use
AS 4534 – Australian Standards, Galvanized Wire
AS 4454 - Composts, soil conditioners and mulches.
AS/NZS 4680 - Hot-dip Galvanized (Zinc) Coatings on Fabricated Ferrous Articles
(1999)
Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 (CaLP Act)
CFA Preferred Requirements: Water Supplies and Access for Subdivisions in Rural
Zones (November 2006)
CFA Preferred Requirements for Water Supplies and Access for Subdivisions in
Residential 1 and 2 and Township Zones (October 2006)
Conservation, Forests and Lands Act 1987
Country Fire Authority Act 1958
DSE Biosites Listing, Biosites (Sites of Conservation Significance) on the Victorian
Railway Lines
DSE/DOT Protocols “Planning Permit Exemptions for Removing Native Vegetation”
Environment Protection Act 1970
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 1999

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EPA Publication 448 Classification of Wastes
External Document Register - Aboriginal Scarred Trees, Department of Planning &
Community Development
Fire Breaks and Fire Access Tracks, Version 10, September 2005, South Australian
Guidelines for State Government Agencies.
Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act, 1988
Heritage Act 1995
Metropolitan Fire Brigades Act 1958
National Parks Act 1975
NIMG-2760 – Fire Prevention Management Information (Revision 01, 26h October
2009)
NIPR 2659 Earthworks, Drainage and Formation
NIPR-2714 Inspection and Assessment of Level Crossings
Occupational Health and Safety Act
Planning and Environment Act 1987
Plant Health & Plant Products Act 1995
Rail Corporations Act 1996
Rail Safety Act 2006
RDS 01 – Standard Fencing (Issue 1, March 2006)
RMP 05 – Boundary Fences – Maintenance Policy (Issue 1, March 2006)
Transport Act 1983
Vicroads Fencing Standard 707
Vicroads Standards, Section 720 – Landscape Works
Victrack Fencing Specifications – (2006)
VRIEF Committee - Vegetation Management Guidelines for Rail Corridors, 2007
VRIOGS 003.2-2006 – Pedestrian Level Crossing Standard
Wildlife Act 1975

10. ATTACHMENTS

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APPENDIX 1 – TYPICAL SECURITY FENCES

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Note: drawings are not to scale

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Example 1 - Echuca Stabling Yard

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Example 2 - Ballarat Carriage Siding

Example 3 - Ballarat East Stabling Yard

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Example 4 - Bendigo Stabling Yard

Example 5 - Ararat Stabling Yard

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