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    Transformer Vector Groups v1

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    Man Ebook
    This document discusses transformer vector groups and differential protection of transformers. It provides details on 12 common vector groups defined by the phase difference between primary and secondary windings. Examples of different winding configurations for wye, delta, and zigzag connections are shown along with associated phasor diagrams. The document also includes an example of differential protection for a Yd7 vector group transformer, showing how current transformers on the primary and secondary sides work with restraining and operating coils to detect internal faults.

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    Transformer Vector Groups v1

    Uploaded by

    Man Ebook
    266 views8 pages
    This document discusses transformer vector groups and differential protection of transformers. It provides details on 12 common vector groups defined by the phase difference between primary and secondary windings. Examples of different winding configurations for wye, delta, and zigzag connections are shown along with associated phasor diagrams. The document also includes an example of differential protection for a Yd7 vector group transformer, showing how current transformers on the primary and secondary sides work with restraining and operating coils to detect internal faults.

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    This document discusses transformer vector groups and differential protection of transformers. It provides details on 12 common vector groups defined by the phase difference between primary and secondary windings. Examples of different winding configurations for wye, delta, and zigzag connections are shown along with associated phasor diagrams. The document also includes an example of differential protection for a Yd7 vector group transformer, showing how current transformers on the primary and secondary sides work with restraining and operating coils to detect internal faults.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    266 views8 pages

    Transformer Vector Groups v1

    Uploaded by

    Man Ebook
    This document discusses transformer vector groups and differential protection of transformers. It provides details on 12 common vector groups defined by the phase difference between primary and secondary windings. Examples of different winding configurations for wye, delta, and zigzag connections are shown along with associated phasor diagrams. The document also includes an example of differential protection for a Yd7 vector group transformer, showing how current transformers on the primary and secondary sides work with restraining and operating coils to detect internal faults.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Moi University

    School of Engineering.

    Department of Electrical and Communication.


    Name: Kosgei Kipruto Victor.
    ADM NO:EC/1006/17
    ECE 472 Assignment.

    Question One.

    Draw all the transformer vector groups showing winding around the core.

    Solution:

    A vector group is a method of categorizing the high voltage and low voltage winding configurations of a
    three phase transformers. It indicates the configurations and the difference in phase angle between the
    primary and secondary voltage and current waveforms.

    Some common vector configurations are

    • Delta Configuration
    o Polarity end of one winding is connected to the end of the next.
    • Start Configuration.
    o Non – polarity ends are connected together

    There are 12 vector groups, from 0 to 11. These vector groups are analogous to the wall clock, in that
    the phase difference between one vector group and the immediate following it is 300 .

    The relationship between primary and secondary voltage waveforms shifts depending on the way coils
    are arranged. Voltages can be in phase or 1800 apart. When 3 coils are used as in the case of a 3 phase
    transformers a number of options exists.

    Vector 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    Group
    Phase 00 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 -1500 -1200
    difference
    Vector 9 10 11
    Group
    Phase -900 -600 -300
    difference

    Vector groups of transformers.


    A vector group shows the effect of different configurations between the low and high voltage windings
    of a transformer can have an effect on the voltage waveforms in terms of phase angle.

    Different ways in which star connection can be configured.

    Clock Diagram Vector Winding arrangement


    notation
    Y0 A 00 Phase Shift A B C

    Y
    B
    C B

    Y4 A 1200 A B C

    Y
    C
    B

    Y8 A 1200 Lead
    A B C

    C B

    Y6 A 1800

    C Y B
    B
    A B C
    Y10 A 600 Lead

    C
    B

    A B C
    Y2 A 600 Lag

    C B

    A B C

    Different ways in which delta can be configured

    Clock Vector diagram phasor diagram


    notation
    D1 A 300 lag B C
    A

    C
    B

    D5 A 1500 lag B C
    A

    C B
    D9 A 900 lead B C
    A

    C B
    D11 300 lag A B C
    A

    C B

    D3 900 lag
    A B C
    A

    C B

    D7 1500 lead
    A B C
    A

    C B

    Different ways in which Zigzag can be configured

    Clock Vector diagram Phasor diagram Winding


    notation arrangements
    Z1 300 lag. A B C
    A

    C
    B

    Z11 300 lead A B C


    A

    B
    C

    Z7 1500 lead A B C
    A

    Z5 1500 lag

    Combining different combinations of Wye, Delta and Zigzag.


    When combining either Wye or Delta we can achieve any desired phase shift between the primary and
    the secondary.

    Examples:

    Yd7

    • This configuration has a 1500 phase shift.


    • Can be attained by subtracting Y0 from D5. 0 – -150 = 150

    A
    A

    Y
    B
    C B
    C B
    Y0 D5 1500 PHASE
    LEAD

    Primary and secondary winding arrangements:

    A B C A B C

    Primary winding Secondary winding


    Question Two
    Draw differential protective system of vector group 7 transformers.

    Star Connected
    Delta CT
    Connected CT transformers
    transformers

    A B C
    A B C

    Star Primary Secondary side


    side Yd7 Power Transformer
    transformer transformer

    Restraining Coils

    Operating Coil.
    Operation.

    The above figure shows the differential protection of Yd7 power transformer. The primary side is a star
    connection while the secondary side is a delta with a phase shift of 150 degrees. To perform differential
    protection, the primary side current transformers should be connected in delta in a configuration that
    compliments the secondary side. Whereas the secondary side current transformers should be connected
    in a start connection.

    The restraining coils can be adjusted so as to increase or reduce sensitivity of the power transformer.

    During operation current from the secondary and primary current transformers flow to the restraining
    coil, these currents are additive (they obey Kirchoff’s current Law). When there is no fault in either of
    the windings, these currents sum to zero and the operating coil doesn’t get magnetized.

    In case of a fault, the currents don’t add up to zero causing current to flow in the operating coil bringing
    about magnetization of the relay, which in turn sends a trip signal to the circuit breaker for isolation.

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