Hazara University Dhodial Mansehra: Department of Information Technology Major Assignment Visual Programming

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Hazara University Dhodial Mansehra

Department of Information Technology


Major Assignment Visual Programming

Submitted To: Sir Asfandyar


Submitted By: Muhammad Rizwan
Roll No: 47593
Semester: BCS 7th
Dated: 09-02-2021
Teacher Remarks:. ______________
Q.1 Write a comprehensive note on .Net Framework Architecture?

.NET is a software framework which is designed and developed by Microsoft. The first
version of .Net framework was 1.0 which came in the year 2002. In easy words, it is a
virtual machine for compiling and executing programs written in different languages
like C#, VB.Net etc.
It is used to develop Form-based applications, Web-based applications, and Web
services. There is a variety of programming languages available on the .Net platform,
VB.Net and C# being the most common ones are . It is used to build applications for
Windows, phone, web etc. It provides a lot of functionalities and also supports industry
standards.
.NET Framework supports more than 60 programming languages in which 11
programming languages are designed and developed by Microsoft. The remaining Non-
Microsoft Languages which are supported by .NET Framework but not designed and
developed by Microsoft.
11 Programming Languages which are designed and developed by Microsoft are:
 C#.NET
 VB.NET
 C++.NET
 J#.NET
 F#.NET
 JSCRIPT.NET
 WINDOWS POWERSHELL
 IRON RUBY
 IRON PYTHON
 C OMEGA
 ASML(Abstract State Machine Language)
Main Components of .NET Framework
Common Language Runtime(CLR): CLR is the basic and Virtual Machine component of
the .NET Framework. It is the run-time environment in the .NET Framework that runs the
codes and helps in making the development process easier by providing the various
services such as remoting, thread management, type-safety, memory management,
robustness etc.. Basically, it is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs
regardless of any .NET programming language. It also helps in the management of code,
as code that targets the runtime is known as the Managed Code and code doesn’t
target to runtime is known as Unmanaged code.
Framework Class Library(FCL): It is the collection of reusable, object-oriented class
libraries and methods etc that can be integrated with CLR. Also called the Assemblies. It
is just like the header files in C/C++ and packages in the java. Installing .NET framework
basically is the installation of CLR and FCL into the system. Below is the overview of .NET
Framework
3. Languages
The types of applications that can be built in the .Net framework is classified broadly
into the following categories.

 Win Forms – This is used for developing Forms-based applications, which


would run on an end user machine. Notepad is an example of a client-based
application.
 ASP.Net – This is used for developing web-based applications, which are made
to run on any browser such as Internet Explorer, Chrome or Firefox.
o The Web application would be processed on a server, which would have
Internet Information Services Installed.
o Internet Information Services or IIS is a Microsoft component which is
used to execute an Asp.Net application.
o The result of the execution is then sent to the client machines, and the
output is shown in the browser.
 ADO.Net – This technology is used to develop applications to interact with
Databases such as Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server.

Microsoft always ensures that .Net frameworks are in compliance with all the
supported Windows operating systems.
Is .NET application platform dependent or platform independent?
The combination of Operating System Architecture and CPU Architecture is known as the
platform. Platform dependent means the programming language code will run only on
particular Operating System. A .NET application is platform dependent because of the
.NET framework which is only able to run on the Windows-based operating system.
The .Net application is platform independent also because of Mono framework. Using
Mono framework the .Net application can run on any Operating System including
windows. Mono framework is a third party software developed by Novell
Company which is now a part of Micro Focus Company. It is a paid framework.
.Net Framework Design Principle
Now in this .Net Architecture tutorial, we will learn the design priciples of .Net
framework. The following design principles of the .Net framework is what makes it
very relevant to create .Net based applications.

1. Interoperability - The .Net framework provides a lot of backward support.


Suppose if you had an application built on an older version of the .Net
framework, say 2.0. And if you tried to run the same application on a machine
which had the higher version of the .Net framework, say 3.5. The application
would still work. This is because with every release, Microsoft ensures that
older framework versions gel well with the latest version.
2. Portability- Applications built on the .Net framework can be made to work on
any Windows platform. And now in recent times, Microsoft is also envisioning
to make Microsoft products work on other platforms, such as iOS and Linux.
3. Security - The .NET Framework has a good security mechanism. The inbuilt
security mechanism helps in both validation and verification of applications.
Every application can explicitly define their security mechanism. Each security
mechanism is used to grant the user access to the code or to the running
program.
4. Memory management - The Common Language runtime does all the work
or memory management. The .Net framework has all the capability to see those
resources, which are not used by a running program. It would then release those
resources accordingly. This is done via a program called the "Garbage
Collector" which runs as part of the .Net framework.

The garbage collector runs at regular intervals and keeps on checking which
system resources are not utilized, and frees them accordingly.

5. Simplified deployment - The .Net framework also have tools, which can be
used to package applications built on the .Net framework. These packages can
then be distributed to client machines. The packages would then automatically
install the application.
6. (3) Common Language
Specification
7. It contains the specifications for
the .Net supported languages
and implementation of language
integration.
(4) Common Type System
It provides guidelines for declaring,
using, and managing types at runtime,
and cross-language communication.

(5) Metadata and Assemblies


Metadata is the binary information
describing the program, which is either
stored in a portable executable file
(PE) or in the memory. Assembly is a
logical unit consisting of the assembly
manifest, type metadata, IL code, and
a set of resources like image files.

(6) Windows Forms


Windows Forms contain the graphical
representation of any window
displayed in the application.

(7) ASP.NET and ASP.NET AJAX


ASP.NET is the web development
model and AJAX is an extension of
ASP.NET for developing and
implementing AJAX functionality.
ASP.NET AJAX contains the
components that allow the developer
to update data on a website without a
complete reload of the page.

(8) ADO.NET
It is the technology used for working
with data and databases. It provides
access to data sources like SQL
server, OLE DB, XML etc. The
ADO.NET allows connection to data
sources for retrieving, manipulating,
and updating data.
(9) Windows Workflow Foundation
(WF)
It helps in building workflow-based
applications in Windows. It contains
activities, workflow runtime, workflow
designer, and a rules engine.

(10) Windows Presentation


Foundation
It provides a separation between the
user interface and the business logic. It
helps in developing visually stunning
interfaces using documents, media,
two and three dimensional graphics,
animations, and more.

(11) Windows Communication


Foundation (WCF)
It is the technology used for building
and executing connected systems.

(12) Windows CardSpace


It provides safety for accessing
resources and sharing personal
information on the internet.

(13) LINQ
It imparts data querying capabilities
to .Net languages using a syntax which
is similar to the tradition query
language SQL.
Using the Server Explorer in Microsoft Visual Studio

2019 IDE, create a Student Database including the

following tables:

a). Student (RNO, Name, Gender, Address, Class,

Semester)

b). Teacher (TID, Name, Address, Designation, Salary)

c). Courses (CID, Name, CrHR, Pre_Requisit)

d). Result (RNO, TID, CID, Marks, Remarks)

a). Student (RNO, Name, Gender, Address, Class,

Semester)
b). Teacher (TID, Name, Address, Designation, Salary)
Courses (CID, Name, CrHR, Pre_Requisit)
d). Result (RNO, TID, CID, Marks, Remarks)

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