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    Antiarrythmic Agents: Antiarrythmic Drugs For Horses

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    Mageja Tatenda

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Antiarrythmic Agents: Antiarrythmic Drugs For Horses

    Uploaded by

    Mageja Tatenda
    27 views3 pages

    Original Title

    Horses Drugs

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    27 views3 pages

    Antiarrythmic Agents: Antiarrythmic Drugs For Horses

    Uploaded by

    Mageja Tatenda

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    ANTIARRYTHMIC DRUGS FOR HORSES

    Antiarrythmic agents

    AGENT CLASS ACTION USE


    Quinidine I a Na+ - channel - Moderate phase zero - Supraventricular arrhythmias such
    blocker. depression. as premature atrial contractions, atrial
    - Conduction slowing. tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.
    - Prolong duration of
    action potential.
    - prolong the myocardial
    refractory period.
    Lidocaine I b Na+ - channel -Minimal effect on - Diagnostic to differentiate between
    blocker. phase zero upstroke. supraventricular tachycardia (no effect)
    - No change or shorten and ventricular tachycardia
    the duration of action - Used only as an emergency treatment/
    potential. management of ventricular
    tachyarrhythmias
    Propanolol/ate II – Beta adrenergic - Block sympathetic - Are particularly useful in the treatment
    nolol/ antagonists. activity on the heart; of supraventricular tachycardias.
    esmolol reduce rate and
    conduction through
    the AV node.
    Atropine and II – - Parasympatholytic i.e - Diagnostic and for emergency
    Glycopyrrolate- Parasympatholytic antagonise treatment of bradycardia.
    agents. acetylcholine to - First and second degree AV blocks.
    increase heart rate. - Used I.V to treat vagally mediated
    [Side effects include brady-arrhythmias.
    paralytic ileus and
    subsequent colic]

    Amiodarone III –potassium - Block the K+ channels, - Along with the maintenance of normal
    channel blockers. slowing repolarization, conduction velocity, prevent re-entrant
    prolong the action arrhythmias. Its potency increases with
    potential duration and slower heart rates, and therefore
    refractory period. improves maintenance of sinus rhythm.
    Potential to prolong the QT interval of
    the ECG.
    Sotalol III – potassium See above - Management of ventricular arrhythmias
    channel blockers. and atrial fibrillation.
    * Also a non - specific
    β- blocker.

    TATENDA MAGEJA (BVSc, UZ)


    ANTIARRYTHMIC DRUGS FOR HORSES

    Diltiazem IV – non- - Reduce conduction - Primarily for control of supraventricular


    (Cardizem® dihydropyridine L- through the AV/SA arrhythmias and may be effective for
    /Dilacor® type calcium channel node, and shorten atrial fibrillation. It also is used for
    blockers. phase two (the plateau) atrial flutter, AV nodal re-entry
    of the cardiac action arrhythmias, and other forms of
    potential, thus reducing tachycardia.
    the contractility and
    rate of the heart.
    Digoxin V – Non- classified. -. Decreases ventricular - It is indicated in supraventricular
    (Lanoxin®/ response to atrial arrhythmias where the goal is to reduce
    Cardoxin® stimulation via the ventricular response rate, rather
    suppresson of the AV than suppress the arrhythmia itself.
    node but mechanism is Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic to
    unknown. toxic index. The recommended dose is
    0.011 mg/kg orally every 12 hours or
    0.0022 mg/kg IV.
    Adenosine V – Non-classified. - Blockade of AV nodal - Adenosine is used intravenously for -
    conduction briefly by terminating supraventricular
    unknown mechanism. tachycardias. The brief AV block can be
    used therapeutically for reliable
    termination of AV nodal re-entry
    tachycardia and WPW re-entry
    tachycardia. It can also be used for
    demasking atrial activity in rapid
    suspected supraventricular tachycardia
    with a broad QRS complex or a Delta
    wave, not present during sinus rhythm
    with normal AV node conduction,
    indicating the presence of a hidden WPW
    syndrome.
    Magnesium V- Non- classified - Physiologic Ca2+ - Magnesium Sulfate in IV form is used to
    sulphate channel blocker. treat ventricular tachycardia and in the
    Activator of membrane management of ventricular arrhythmias
    Na+/K+- ATPase. not responsive to other antiarrhythmic
    agents in which it has been used
    for torsades de pointes.

    (WPW* - Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome). Torsades de Pointes is a type of polymorphic


    ventricular tachycardia characterized by a gradual change in amplitude and twisting of the QRS
    complexes around an isoelectric line on the electrocardiogram. Torsades de Pointes is associated
    with QTc prolongation, which is the heart rate adjusted lengthening of the QT interval.

    TATENDA MAGEJA (BVSc, UZ)


    ANTIARRYTHMIC DRUGS FOR HORSES

    Comments
    Cardiac arrhythmias are probably more common in horses than in any other domestic
    animal species. The most frequent clinical complaint associated with cardiac arrhythmias is
    exercise intolerance. Physical examination is characterized by auscultation abnormalities
    such as fast or slow heart rate, irregular rhythm, extra sounds, long pauses, or abnormal
    heart sounds. The electrocardiogram is used to make a definitive diagnosis of the
    dysrhythmia. Other laboratory and cardiac function tests are employed to determine the
    aetiology and to assess the significance of the arrhythmia. Antiarrhythmic therapy is given
    when clinical signs specifically related to the arrhythmia are present, when hemodynamic
    parameters are compromised by the arrhythmia, or when the ECG reveals abnormalities
    that put the patient at risk for development of more severe arrhythmias. The cardiovascular
    drugs most frequently used are digoxin and quinidine. Digoxin is most commonly used for
    supraventricular arrhythmias, especially arrhythmias characterized by fast heart rates.
    Quinidine is very effective for short-term treatment of ventricular and supraventricular
    arrhythmias but must be used with caution because of the potential for toxic side effects.
    The cardiac arrhythmias due to vagal tone (sinus arrhythmia, sinus block, sinus arrest, sinus
    bradycardia, wandering pacemaker, first-degree AV block, and second-degree AV block) that
    are found in resting horses are generally considered to be normal and generally do not
    require therapy.

    TATENDA MAGEJA (BVSc, UZ)

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