LP 1 - The Principles Underlying EPP - Corrected
LP 1 - The Principles Underlying EPP - Corrected
What is curriculum
and its type?
What do you think will happen to a class without a pattern or a system for doing
activities or performance task? Or in other words, performing task without any basis? That
is why this Learning pocket is prepared for you to serve as guide of learning things regarding
how Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan classes will be handled through the use of
K-12 Curriculum Guide. In here you will know different perspective of how curriculum had
been defined by some authorities or organizations, and the types of curriculum will also be
made into account.
According to the book Curriculum Development authored by Purita P. Bilbao, Ed. D.,
et al., copy right 2014, “Curriculum is what is taught in school, a set of subjects, a content, a
program of studies, a set of materials, a sequence of courses, a set of performance objectives,
everything that goes with in the school. It is what is taught inside and outside of school
directed by the teacher, everything planned by school, a series of experiences undergone by
learners in school on what individual learner experience as a result of school. In short,
Curriculum is the total learning experiences of the learner, under the guidance of the
teacher”.
http://www1.udel.edu/educ/whitson/897s05/files/definitions_of_curriculum.htm Defines
curriculum as the combination of instructional practices, learning experiences, and
students' performance assessment that are designed to bring out and evaluate the
target learning outcomes of a particular course.
The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or
in a specific course or program as defined by https://www.edglossary.org/curriculum/
All the definitions stated above is true and useful, let us be reminded what the
Education Reform Organization have said and I quote; “It is important to note that while
curriculum encompasses a wide variety of potential educational and instructional practices,
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educators often have a very precise, technical meaning in mind when they use the term. Most
teachers spend a lot of time thinking about, studying, discussing and analyzing curriculum,
and many educators have acquired specialist’s expertise in curriculum development-i.e.,
they know how to structure, organize, and deliver lessons in ways that it facilitates or
accelerate student learning. To non-educators, some curriculum materials may seem simple
or straight forward (such as a list of required reading, for example), but they may reflect a
deep and sophisticated understanding of an academic discipline and of the most effective
strategies for learning acquisition and classroom management.”
The types of Curriculum operating in schools cited by Bilbao, 2008 in her book:
Curriculum Development are;
1. Recommended curriculum – proposed by scholars and professional organizations
(such as: Department of Education, Commission on Higher Education, Department of
Science and Technology, Philippine Association for Teacher Education, and Biology Teacher
Association) may recommend a curriculum to be implemented in the elementary, secondary
and tertiary education.
2. Written curriculum – Includes documents, course of study or syllabi handed down
to the schools, districts division, departments or colleges for implementation. Most of the
written curricula are made by curriculum experts with participation of teachers. These were
pilot-tested or tried out in sample schools or population. Example is the Basic Education
Curriculum before known today as K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum. Another example
is the written lesson plan of each classroom teacher made up of objectives and planned
activities of the teacher.
3. Taught Curriculum – are varied activities that are implemented in order to arrive at
the objectives or purposes of the written curriculum. These are used by the learners with the
guidance of teacher which varies according to the learning styles of the students and the
teaching styles of the teachers.
4. Supported curriculum – Includes material resources such as textbooks, computers,
audio-visual materials, laboratory equipment, playgrounds, zoos and other facilities used in
support or help in the implementation of the written curriculum. Support curriculum should
enable each learner to achieve real and lifelong learning.
5. Assessed curriculum – Refers to a tested or evaluated curriculum. At the duration
and end of the teaching episodes, series of evaluations are being done by the teachers to
determine the extent of teaching or to tell if the students are progressing. Assessment tools
like pencil-and-paper test, authentic instruments like portfolio are being utilized.
6. Learned curriculum – This is the learning outcomes achieved by the students.
Learning outcomes are indicated by the results of the tests and changes of behavior which
can either be cognitive, affective or psychomotor.
7. Hidden curriculum – This is the unintended curriculum which is not deliberately
planned but may modify behavior or influence learning outcomes. There are lots of hidden
curricula that transpire in the schools, like; peer influence, school environment, physical
condition, teacher-learner interaction, mood of the teachers and many other factors make up
the hidden curriculum.
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The kind of curriculum that will be utilized in this learning pocket is a written type of
curriculum which had been made by the Department of Education, known as
K TO 12 CURRICULUM GUIDE - EDUKASYONG PANTAHANAN AT
PANGKABUHAYAN (EPP) and TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
(TLE) Grade 4 to Grade 6 that transpires the pedagogical content on how EPP should be
delivered in classrooms.
In this learning packet, you will be able to acquire knowledge and skills about the;
Salient Features of EPP, The Legal Basis of Teaching EPP and TLE, The EPP/TLE Framework,
Intended Outcomes and the Learning Area Standard of Teaching EPP/TLE, Key Stages
Standards, teaching approach and techniques, Scheme Used in Managing EPP Classes and
the Learning Competencies to be undertaken in Learning Pocket 2 as transpired in the
syllabus.
This learning packet also offers a comprehensive but concise discussion of ideas with
corresponding activities or exercises to assess you whether you are progressing in learning
and developing your skills.
What should you know about the Features, Legal Basis, Framework
Intended Outcomes, Standards, Approach and techniques
of Teaching EPP/TLE?
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Note: Answer this in Google Classroom posted in Classwork with Rubrics.
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TLE as a course has two streams—the TR-based TLE and the Entrepreneur-based
TLE—and every school has a choice as to which stream to offer, with consideration for
faculty, facilities, and resources. Both streams are based on the Training Regulations, but the
Entrepreneur-based TLE embeds entrepreneurship concepts in the teaching of the various
subjects in HE, IA, AFA, and ICT.
The diagram likewise shows that entrepreneurial concepts also form part of the
foundation of quality TLE. It is expected that TLE students, after using the Learning Modules
on Entrepreneurship-based TLE, imbibe the entrepreneurial spirit and consequently set up
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their own businesses in the areas of Agri-Fishery Arts, Industrial Arts, Home Economics, and
Information and Communication Technology.
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Note: Answer this in Google Classroom posted in Classwork with Rubrics.
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Firestone continued that the concept of experiential learning was first explored by John
Dewey and Jean Piaget, among others. It was made popular by education theorist David A.
Kolb, who, along with Ron Fry, developed the experiential learning theory, which is based
on the idea that learning is a process whereby knowledge is created through transformation
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of experience. It is based on four main elements which operate in a continuous cycle during
the learning experience:
• Concrete experience
• Reflective observation
• Abstract conceptualization
• Active experimentation
• The project should be personally meaningful and have some significance to the
student
• Students should have opportunities to reflect on and discuss their learning experience
throughout the process of the assignment
• The experience should involve the student’s whole person, including the senses,
personality, and emotions
• Previous knowledge on the subject matter should be acknowledged
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Classroom Methods
Traditional Contextual
Learning in “Isolation” Cooperative learning groups
Rote Learning Gather data to solve problems
Skill drill Hands-on learning
Memorization Active learning
Multiple-choice tests Alternative and authentic assessments
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Revington said that authentic learning engages all the senses allowing students to
create a meaningful, useful, shared outcome. They are real life tasks, or simulated tasks
that provide the learner with opportunities to connect directly with the real world.
Instead of vicariously discussing topics and regurgitating information in a traditional
industrial age modality, authentic learning provides a learner with support to achieve a
tangible, useful product worth sharing with their community and their world.
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What is it?
Integrative learning is an approach where the learner brings together prior
knowledge and experiences to support new knowledge and experiences. By doing this,
learners draw on their skills and apply them to new experiences at a more complex level. The
concept behind integrative learning is that students take ownership of their own learning,
becoming critical inquiries who are able to make meaningful connections between different
disciplines and utilize critical thinking to real-life problems (Mansilla, 2008). The Association
of American Colleges & Universities (2007) describe integrative learning as being the key
change in university education for the 21st century.
Integrated Learning Approaches defined by educational experts Gene
Bottoms and Deede Sharpe in Teaching for Understanding through Integration of Academic and
Technical Education (1996). The authors' original focus was on how to integrate academic and
vocational learning, applying the concepts from school subjects to the experiences a student
has in life and work outside of the classroom. As we know it today, integrated learning
includes connections to life beyond the classroom and is also concerned with how various
subject areas interrelate. In short, integrated learning involves:
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Single-Course Integration
A single-course integration involves a teacher finding a way to incorporate the learning from
another subject area into their own class.
Example:
• You are a math teacher who decides to collaborate with a language arts teacher on
how to support one another's learning outcomes.
• You decide to add a journal component to your class, in which students write about
any frustrations, questions, or successes they have related to the mathematical
concepts you are teaching.
This approach is most likely when large-scale integrations have not yet been put in place,
and teachers want to collaborate on an individual basis.
Joint Planning
When the planning goes beyond individual courses, this type of collaboration can be
described as joint planning. Joint planning involves looking at the topics and goals of the
curriculum and considering how lessons can emphasize certain themes and concepts at either
a department level or across departments.
Example within departments:
• The science department teachers come together and decide on certain common
academic concepts or skills that will be reinforced across biology, chemistry, and
physics courses.
• Teachers from multiple departments (e.g. math, music, science, social studies,
language arts, vocational studies) get together to decide on an academic topic or
technical skill that will be the focus of all subjects.
This approach is appropriate when it's possible to organize teacher's efforts in a bigger
way than the single-course approach.
Interdisciplinary Approaches
Teachers from a variety of disciplines may also work together to more thoroughly
integrate learning activities, known as an interdisciplinary approach. Students are expected
to learn interdisciplinary skills that don't fit just one subject area, such as how to manage a
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project or how to communicate their ideas to others. This blurs the boundaries - in a good
way - between one subject area and others.
Team Teaching
Team teaching involves two or more teachers working together to integrate their
curriculum more fully than in the single-course approach. Teachers choose a particular topic,
issue, or problem in the real world and tackle it together as part of their teaching.
Example:
• A language arts teacher, math teacher, and history teacher coordinate their curriculum
to help students develop a better understanding of how the stock market affects
everyday life.
Projects
Projects get students involved in addressing a particular problem or issue. Projects
can vary from short-term or long-term, from classroom to school-wide. Some projects may
coordinate students from different grade levels.
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ESSAY:
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TOTAL: 16
Assignment
1.3 References
CORD, 2016
https://www. Edglossary.org/curriculum
K to 12 Curriculum Guide: EDukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan, Department of
Education, Dep.Ed. Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasay City: May 2016
Corpuz, Brenda B., Ph.D., et.al. (2014) Principles of Teaching 2, 776 Aurora Blvd., cor.
Boston St. Cubao,Quezon City, Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing Inc.
Mary Firestone -https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-experiential-learning-definition-
theories-examples.html
Steve Revington 2016-http://authenticlearning.weebly.com/
https://intranet.ecu.edu.au/learning/curriculum-design/teaching-strategies/integrative-learning
https://study.com/academy/lesson/distinguishing-selecting-integrated-learning-approaches.html
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1.4 Acknowledgment
The images, tables, figures and information contained in this module were
taken from the references cited above.
DISCLAIMER
This module is not for commercial, and this is only for educational purposes.
Some technical terminologies and phrases were not changed, but the author of this
module ensures that all the in-text citations are in the reference section. Even photos or
figures are within text citations to abide by the intellectual property law.
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