This document discusses the topics of bioethics, morality, and the evolution of bioethics. It begins by defining bioethics as dealing with the application of ethical and legal concepts to issues in healthcare practice. It then discusses morality and ethics, distinguishing between them. The document outlines the evolution of bioethics through three phases - medical ethics, research ethics, and public policy. It provides details on the development of concepts like the Hippocratic Oath, the Nuremberg Code, and informed consent through these phases.
This document discusses the topics of bioethics, morality, and the evolution of bioethics. It begins by defining bioethics as dealing with the application of ethical and legal concepts to issues in healthcare practice. It then discusses morality and ethics, distinguishing between them. The document outlines the evolution of bioethics through three phases - medical ethics, research ethics, and public policy. It provides details on the development of concepts like the Hippocratic Oath, the Nuremberg Code, and informed consent through these phases.
This document discusses the topics of bioethics, morality, and the evolution of bioethics. It begins by defining bioethics as dealing with the application of ethical and legal concepts to issues in healthcare practice. It then discusses morality and ethics, distinguishing between them. The document outlines the evolution of bioethics through three phases - medical ethics, research ethics, and public policy. It provides details on the development of concepts like the Hippocratic Oath, the Nuremberg Code, and informed consent through these phases.
This document discusses the topics of bioethics, morality, and the evolution of bioethics. It begins by defining bioethics as dealing with the application of ethical and legal concepts to issues in healthcare practice. It then discusses morality and ethics, distinguishing between them. The document outlines the evolution of bioethics through three phases - medical ethics, research ethics, and public policy. It provides details on the development of concepts like the Hippocratic Oath, the Nuremberg Code, and informed consent through these phases.
BIOETHICS 208 – Ma’am Jocelyn Cataraja, RN • ethics of life - from the beginning to the
MN end of life • ethics of medical care – care of the - deals with the application of ethico-moral and patient from womb to tomb legal concepts and principles in issues that affect the practice of health care SCOPE OF BIOETHICS • Initial Stage - Bioethics was concerned with MORALITY ethical problems associated with medical • refers to the area of right and wrong in the practice theory and practice of human behavior • Later Stage - expanded to include social - there are only two possible answers: either it issues related to health, animal welfare, and is right or wrong environmental concerns • Gives label to the nature of the human action, not the person itself. EVOLUTION OF BIOETHICS • If action is right – moral and ethical A. Medical Ethics • If action is wrong – immoral and unethical • oldest phase of bioethical exploration • If no morality (Non moral) – neither is moral • the formulation of ethical norms for the and ethical; neither right or wrong (ex. conduct of health care professionals in the psychiatric patient, pediatric patient: peed treatment of patients everywhere) • Hippocratic Oath by Hippocrates • Human acts = Knowledge, Deliberation, - no prescription of fatal drugs Freedom - rule out any form of abortifacient • Acts of human = devoid of knowledge, - no sexual relations between doctors and deliberation, and freedom patients - moral significance of confidentiality or ETHICS medical secrecy • Parameter of determining right and wrong; provides norms and standards B. Research Ethics • a practical and normative science based on • second phase in bioethical studies reason which studies human act and provides • Biomedical Research – refers to the use of norms for its goodness and badness humans as experimental specimens a. Practical science – a normative science • Third Reich Era/Dark Era (1935-1945) that can be applied to human action; - Friedrich Nietzsche: “superman” establishes norms or standards for the philosopher who strengthened Hitler’s direction and regulation of human actions conviction that the German is the super b. Normative Science - establish norms race and standards for the direction and - forced marriages to produce super regulation of human action offspring; • Based on reason - does not rely on divine - divided to upper class and lower class revelation; investigates and analyzes facts (Jewish people used to human • Applied only to human acts - they are experimentation) performed with intellectual deliberation and - goal is to eliminate lower class and freedom. invest more to upper class • Nuremburg Code (1947) BRANCHES OF ETHICS - humanize the cruel and barbaric nature 1. Health Ethics – with regards to health of experiments practices - it takes into account the experimental 2. Professional Ethics – regulates the actions objects’ consent (informed of professionals consent/decision/choice) 3. Bioethics - contribution: respect of patients right thru • bio = life informed consent, right of the patient to decline/ not submit to any procedure C. Public Policy - emphasizes the participatory aspect of decision making in a democratic set-up with regard to the formulation of public policies
