Comparative Study On Dynamic Analysis of Composite, RCC & Steel Structure

Inte rnational Journal of Engineering Technology, Manage ment and Applied Sciences
www.ijetmas.com August 2015, Volume 3, Issue 8, ISSN 2349-4476
Comparative Study on Dynamic Analysis of Composite, RCC

& Steel Structure
Varsha Patil, Post Graduate Student in Structural Engineering, Saraswati College of Engineering, Kharghar
Shilpa Kewate , Assistant Professor, Saraswati College of Engineering, Kharghar
ABSTRACT
Reinforced concrete and steel are the materials that are mostly used in the framing system for most of the building. Steel
members have the advantages of high tensile strength and ductility, while concrete members have the advantages of
high compressive strength and stiffness. Composite members combine steel and concrete, resulting in a member that
has the beneficial qualities of both materials. The present study is based on structural behavior of Composite, RCC
and Steel structure when subjected to earthquake. In the present work RCC, steel and composite materials are
considered for comparative study of G+5 story commercial building which is situated in earthquake zone III, The
provisions of IS:1893 (Part 1) is considered. A three dimensional modeling and analysis of the structure are carried out
with the help of Etabs 2013 software. Equivalent static analysis and Response spectrum analysis are carried out on all
three structures. The results are compared in terms of base shear, Lateral force distribution, maximum displacement,
Time period and frequency, and found that composite structure gives better performance compare to RCC and steel.
Keywords
Composite beam, Composite column, Deck slab, Base shear, displacement
1.INTRODUCTION
In India reinforced concrete members are mostly used in the framing system for most of the buildings since
this is the most convenient & economic system for low-rise buildings. However, for medium to high rise
buildings this type of structure is no longer economic because of increased dead load, high stiffness, span
restriction and hazardous formwork.
Whereas in case of steel structures, steel has a high strength/weight ratio. Thus, the dead weight of steel
structures is relatively small. This property makes steel a very attractive structural material for High-rise
buildings ,long-span bridges, structures located in highly seismic areas where forces acting on the structure
due to an earthquake are in general proportional to the weight of the structure. steel can undergo large plastic
deformation before failure, thus providing a large reserve strength. This property is referred to as ductility.
Properly designed steel structures can have high ductility, which is an important characteristic for resisting
shock loading such as blasts or earthquakes. Steel in fact shows elastic behavior up to a relatively high and
usually well-defined stress level. Also, in contrast to reinforced concrete, steel properties do not change
considerably with time. But due to high strength/weight ratio, steel compression members are in general more
slender and consequently more susceptible to buckling than, say, reinforced concrete compression members.
Another disadvantage of steel is that, the strength of steel is reduced substantially when heated at temperatures
commonly observed in building fires. Also, steel conducts and transmits heat from a burning portion of the
building quite fast.
Though these materials may have different properties and characteristics, they both seem to complement each
other in many ways. steel has excellent resistance to tensile loading but lesser weight ratio so thin sections are
used which may be prone to buckling phenomenon. On the other hand concrete is good in resistance to
compressive force. Steel may be used to induce ductility an important criteria for tall building, while corrosion
protection and thermal insulation can be done by concrete. Similarly buckling of steel can also be restrained
by concrete. In order, to derive the optimum benefits from both materials composite construction is widely
preferred.
With the latest requirements in the market, it has become a necessity of time in India to reduce the
construction time by adopting fast track construction methodologies as well as allowing parallel construction
activities. The saving in construction time yields two fold benefits like reduction in investment in the form of
interest and early return of the capital invested. Steel-concrete composite construction being a faster
135 Varsha Patil, Shilpa Kewate
technology saves lot of time of construction and hence adoption of such methodology will help the planner to
narrow the gap between demand and supply. It also provides more carpet areas that means more usable space.
Hence ,steel-concrete composite construction is the answer of the future development in India.
1.1 Composite structure & it's elements
A composite member is defined as consisting of a rolled or a built-up structural steel shape that is either filled
with concrete, encased by reinforced concrete or structurally connected to a reinforced concrete slab.
Composite members are constructed such that the structural steel shape and the concrete act together to resist
axial compression and or bending.
1.1.1 Composite beam
ISMB/ISWB steel section is made composite with the RCC slab or steel deck with the help of shear studs.
The beams are considered effective as composite against sagging moment and the hogging moments are being
resisted by the steel section alone.
1.1.2 Profiled Deck
Composite floors using profiled sheet decking is use where the concrete floor has to be completed quickly and
where medium level of fire protection to steel work is sufficient. In composite floors, the structural behavior is
similar to a reinforced concrete slab, with the steel sheeting acting as the tension reinforcement.
1.1.3 Shear Connectors
Shear connectors are steel elements such as studs, bars, spiral or another similar devices welded to the top
flange of the steel section and intended to transmit the horizontal shear between the steel section and the cast
in-situ concrete and also to prevent vertical separation at the interface.
Figure 1: Profiled Deck & Shear Connectors

1.1.4 Composite Column
A steel-concrete composite column is conventionally a compression member in which the steel element is a
structural steel section. There are three types of composite columns used in practice which are Concrete
Encased, Concrete filled, Battered Section.
Figure 2: Composite Column

1.2 Advantages of composite structure

 Most effective utilization of materials viz. concrete in compression and steel in tension.
 Steel can be deformed in a ductile manner without premature failure and can withstand numerous loading
cycles before fracture. Such high ductility of steel leads to better seismic resistance of the composite section.
 Steel component has the ability to absorb the energy released due to seismic forces.
 Ability to cover large column free area. This leads to more usable space. Area occupied by composite
column is less than the area occupied by RCC column.
 Quality of steel is assured since it is produced under controlled environment in the factory. Larger use of
steel in composite construction compared to RCC option ensures better quality control for the major part of
the structure.
 Smaller structural steel sections are required compared to non-composite construction, therefore
reduction in overall weight of the composite structure compared to the RCC construction results in less
structural and foundation cost.
 Faster construction by utilizing rolled and/or pre-fabricated components. Also speedy construction
facilitates quicker return on the invested capital.
2. BUILDING DESCRIPTION
The basic planning and the loading conditions are considered same for RCC, Steel and Steel-concrete,
composite structure. In case of RCC structure, the structural members slab, beam and column are considered
RCC and designed as per IS456:2000, in case of steel structure RCC slab, laterally supported steel beams and
steel column have considered and designed as per IS800:2007 and in case of steel concrete composite
structure the composite beams are designed with structural steel section anchored to the steel deck slab with
the help of shear studs and columns are considered made of RCC having structural steel section in its core and
reinforcement in the concrete outside and designed as per AISC360:10.The lateral loads are considered to be
carried by the beam column frame as a moment resisting frame.
For the analysis and design, the following design basis have considered:
Table 1 : Design basis

Type of building Office
Type of frame Moment Resisting Frame
Total height of building 25.5 m
Plan of the building 30m × 18m
Thickness of external walls 230m
Live load in office area 4 kN/sq.m
Floor finish load 1.5 kN/ sq.m
Grade of Concrete M30
Grade of reinforcing Steel Fe415
Grade of structural steel Fu = 410 N/mm2 , Fy = 250 N/mm2
Density of Concrete 25 kN/m3
Density of brick masonry 20 kN/m3
Zone III
Soil type Medium soil
Importance factor 1.5
Seismic zone factor 0.16 for zone III
5% (For RCC structure)
Damping ratio
: 2% (For Steel and Composite structure)

3.MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Figure 3: Building model plan and 3-D view
3.1 Structural member sizes

Table 2: Structural member sizes
Member RCC Steel Composite
Secondary beam 200mm X400mm ISWB350 ISWB 250
Main Beam (X- 300mm X700mm ISWB 500 ISWB 550

Direction)
Main Beam (Y- 250mm X 600mm ISWB450 ISWB450

Direction)
Column 400mm X750mm ISHB 400-2 with 40mm 450mmX600mm with

plate attached to both ISHB400 encased
flanges

The explained 3D building model is analyzed using Equivalent Static Method and response spectrum method
a per IS 1893 (PART-1): 2002 . Different parameters such as Base shear, deflection, Time period and
frequency are studied for the models.
4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A) Equivalent Static Analysis : Equivalent static analysis is performed on all three types of structures. Loads
are calculated and distributed as per the code IS1893: 2002 and the results obtained are compared with respect
to the following parameters.
 Base shear
Figure 4: Comparison of base shear

Base shear due to earthquake load ,for composite building is found to be 1185.68kN which is lower than RCC
by 30%,while for steel by 2%.
 Lateral forces acting on structure
Figure 5: Comparison of lateral forces

From graph it is clear that the lateral forces acting on a RCC structure are much more than steel and composite
structure, hence composite structure is less susceptible against seismic forces action on structure.
 Lateral displacement in X-direction
Figure 6: Comparison of maximum displacement due to Eqx

From the graph of displacement v/s story, it is observed that composite structure has less displacement
compared to RCC & steel building.Percentage reduction in top story displacement along longitudinal direction
of composite building is 25% and 1.5% compared to RCC and steel building.
 Lateral displacement in Y-direction
Figure 7: Comparison of maximum displacement due to Eqy

Percentage reduction in top story displacement along transverse direction of composite building is 14% and
7.8% compared to RCC and steel building.
B) Response spectrum analysis
Response spectrum analysis is performed on all three type of structures and the results obtained are compared
with respect to the following parameters:

 Time period
Figure 8: Comparison of Time period

 Modal Frequency
Figure 9: Comparison of frequency

The increased stiffness of composite structure results in increased frequency and reduction in time period than
RCC and steel structure.
The frequency of composite structure is increased by 14% than RCC and 7% than steel structure.
5.CONCLUSION
 In case of composite structure system, because of lesser magnitude of beam end forces and moments
compared to RCC and steel structure system, one can use lighter sections in a composite structure. Thus it
reduces the self weight of structure component.

 Composite frames are light weight structure with good strength and stiffness. Due to this reason,
composite structure is less susceptible against seismic forces action on the structure.
 From graph ,it is clear that the maximum displacement at top in a composite structure, compare to RCC
and steel are less which is due to higher stiffness of members in a composite structure compared to RCC and
steel structure..
 The increased stiffness of composite structure results in increased frequency and reduction in Time period
than RCC and steel structure.
REFERENCES
[1] Daniel L.Schodek,"Structures".
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[5] Abraham J. Rokach, "Structural steel design"
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Inte rnational Journal of Engineering Technology, Manage ment and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com August 2015, Volume 3, Issue 8, ISSN 2349-4476