Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 2 – Module 22 :
Magnetic Property of Atoms

MELC: Determine the magnetic property of atom based on its

electronic configuration.
(K to 12 BEC CG:STEM_GC11ES-IIa-b-57)

Prepared by:

LOVELLA M. AGUITE
Teacher III
Pagudpud National High School
General Chemistry 1
Quarter 2 – Module 22: Magnetic Property of Atoms
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Lovella M. Aguite
Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz
Joye D. Madalipay
Arnel S. Bandiola
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
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Schools Division of Ilocos Norte

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
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General Chemistry
1
Quarter 2 – Module 22:
Magnetic Property of Atoms
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Module on Magnetic Property of Atoms. This

module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public
and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Note to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding
the learners

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Module on Magnetic Property of Atoms. This

module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you
Know are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you
already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
 module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in

Whats New
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This

What is it
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts
and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice to

What’s More
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You
may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I have This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be

Learned filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will help you

What I Can Do
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

in achieving the learning competency.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Activities enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

 References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in
the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
nature of quantum numbers. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module focuses on:

 Lesson 22 - Magnetic Property of Atoms

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 1. understand the difference between paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and ferromagnetism;
and
2. predict the magnetic properties of atoms based on their electronic configuration

What I Know

Directions: Write the letter of the best answer.

1. What is a diamagnetic atom?

A. An atom where all of the electrons are paired.
B. An atom where some of the electrons are paired.
C. An atom where none of the electrons are paired.
D. An atom attracted to a magnetic field.

2. Which rule states that electrons will go into empty orbitals of the same energy before
entering into an orbital with an electron present?
A. Hand’s Rule C. Pauli Exclusion Principle
B. Hund’s Rule D. Aufbau Principle

3. Which of the following electron configuration is not possible for an atom?

A. 1s2 2s2 2p1 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 2d5
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1

4. Which of the following is not paramagnetic?

A. Cl B. Zn C. Br D. Na

5. Which element has a completely filled subshell?

A. Li B. N C. He D. F

Lesson Magnetic Property of Atoms

 22
The magnetic moment of a system measures the strength and the direction of its
magnetism. The term itself usually refers to the magnetic dipole moment. Anything that is
magnetic, like a bar magnet or a loop of electric current, has a magnetic moment. A magnetic
moment is a vector quantity, with a magnitude and a direction. An electron has an electron
magnetic dipole moment, generated by the electron's intrinsic spin property, making it an
electric charge in motion. There are many different magnetic behavior including
paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and ferromagnetism.

What’s In

Let’s review on how much you know about the quantum numbers.

Direction: Perform the given tasks.

A. Fill out the table below.

Element n l ml ms

Potassium ( 19K )

Arsenic ( 33As )

B. Write their electronic configuration.

1. 19K =

2. 33As=

What is New
Direction: Answer each item correctly. Find your answer from the answer pool below.

magnetism attraction proton

ferromagnetism paramagnetism electron
diamagnetism

________________1. It refers to the magnetic state of an atom having one or more unpaired
electrons.

________________2. The electrons of this substance are paired resulting to no net on

magnetic moment.

________________3. It happens when unpaired electrons of an atom are being affected by

the orientation of electrons of its neighboring atoms.

________________4. The ability of a material to be attracted by a magnet and act as a

magnet.

________________5. The spinning of what atomic particle that causes magnetic force of
material.

What is It

Ferromagnetism (Permanent Magnet)

Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron)

form permanent magnets. This means the compound shows permanent magnetic properties
rather than exhibiting them only in the presence of an external magnetic field (Figure 1). In a
ferromagnetic element, electrons of atoms are grouped into domains in which each domain has
the same charge. In the presence of a magnetic field, these domains line up so that charges are
parallel throughout the entire compound. Whether a compound can be ferromagnetic or not
depends on its number of unpaired electrons and on its atomic size.

Figure 1: Ferromagnetism (a) nonmagnatized material and (2) Magnetized material with corresponding
magnetic fields shown.

Ferromagnetism, the permanent magnetism associated with nickel, cobalt, and iron, is a
common occurrence in everyday life. Examples of the knowledge and application of
ferromagnetism include Aristotle's discussion in 625 BC, the use of the compass in 1187, and
the modern-day refrigerator. Einstein demonstrated that electricity and magnetism are
inextricably linked in his theory of special relativity.

Paramagnetism (Attracted to Magnetic Field)

Paramagnetism refers to the magnetic state of an atom with one or more unpaired
electrons. The unpaired electrons are attracted by a magnetic field due to the electrons'
magnetic dipole moments. Hund's Rule states that electrons must occupy every orbital
singly before any orbital is doubly occupied. This may leave the atom with many unpaired
electrons. Because unpaired electrons can spin in either direction, they display magnetic
moments in any direction. This capability allows paramagnetic atoms to be attracted to magnetic
fields. Diatomic oxygen, O2 is a good example of paramagnetism (described via molecular
orbital theory).

Diamagnetism (Repelled by Magnetic Field)

 Molecular oxygen (O2 is paramagnetic and is attracted to the magnet. In contrast,
molecular nitrogen, N2, has no unpaired electrons and is diamagnetic; it is therefore unaffected
by the magnet. Diamagnetic substances are characterized by paired electrons, e.g., no
unpaired electrons. According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle which states that no two
electrons may occupy the same quantum state at the same time, the electron spins are
oriented in opposite directions. This causes the magnetic fields of the electrons to cancel out;
thus there is no net magnetic moment, and the atom cannot be attracted into a magnetic field. In
fact, diamagnetic substances are weakly repelled by a magnetic field.

How to Tell if a Substance is Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic?

The magnetic properties of a substance can be determined by examining its electron

configuration: If it has unpaired electrons, then the substance is paramagnetic and if all
electrons are paired, the substance is then diamagnetic. This process can be broken into four
steps:
1. Write down the electron configuration.
2. Draw the valence orbitals.
3. Identify if unpaired electrons exist.
4. Determine whether the substance is paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

Example 1: Chlorine Atoms ( 17Cl)

Step 1: Find the electron configuration.
For Cl atoms, the electron configuration is 3s23p5
Step 2: Draw the valence orbitals.
Ignore the core electrons and focus on the valence electrons only.

Step 3: Look for unpaired electrons.

There is one unpaired electron.
Step 4: Determine whether the substance is paramagnetic or diamagnetic.
Since there is an unpaired electron, Cl atoms are paramagnetic.
Example 2: Zinc Atoms (30Zn)
Step 1: Find the electron configuration.
 For Zn atoms, the electron configuration is 4s23d10
Step 2: Draw the valence orbitals.

Step 3: Look for unpaired electrons.

There are no unpaired electrons.
Step 4: Determine whether the substance is paramagnetic or diamagnetic.
Because there are no unpaired electrons, Zn atoms are diamagnetic.

What’s More

Direction: Complete the table by filling in the correct electronic configuration then identify if their
subshell are completely filled or not.

Element Electron Configuration Filled/Not Filled

Li

He

Mg
 What I have Learned

Direction: Complete the table below. Given the element, write its abbreviated electron
configuration. Write either filled or not filled on the third column and the number of unpaired
electrons in the fourth. In determining the magnetic property, write P if it is paramagnetic and D
if it is diamagnetic.

Element Electron Configuration (use Subshell Number Magnetic

the shorthand notation) (Filled/Not of Property
Filled) unpaired (P/D)
electrons
Cl

Zn

Br

Na

What I Can Do
Direction: Explain the following:
Relate the type of magnetism displayed by an element with its electronic configuration.
Prove your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________

Assessment

Direction. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. It refers to the magnetic state of an atom having one or more unpaired electrons.
A. Paramagnetism C. Ferromagnetism
B. Diamagnetism D. Magnetism

2. Which of the following electron configuration is not possible for an atom?

A. 1s2 2s2 2p1 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 2d5
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s
2 2 6 1
D. 1s 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1
2

3. Which of the following is not paramagnetic?

A. Cl B. Zn C. Br D. Na

4. Which element has a completely filled subshell?

A. Li B. N C. He D. F

5. The electrons of this substance are paired resulting to no net on magnetic moment.
A. Magnetism C. Ferromagnetism
B. Diamagnetism D. Paramagnetism

Additional Activities

Direction. Explain the following.

1. Determine whether fluorine ion (F-) is a diamagnetic or paramagnetic.

2. Fe2+ ion is paramagnetic. Why?

3. Considering you do not focus on the electron configuration to determine the magnetic
property of atom, instead, you are to determine it experimentally.

4. How does a diamagnetic substance react to a magnetic field?

5. How will a molecule react if it contains more unpaired electrons?

 Answer Key

What I Know

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C

What’s In

Element n l ml ms
Potassium ( 19K ) 4 0 0 1/2
Arsenic ( 33As ) 4 1 1 1/2
Write their electronic configuration.
1. 19K = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
2. 33As=1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3

What is New

1. Paramagnetism 3. Ferromagnetism 5. Electron

2. Diamagnetism 4.Magnetism

What’s More

1. 1s2 2s1 - Unfilled 4. 1s2 2s2 2p5 - Unfilled

2. 1s - Filled 5. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 - Filled
3. 1s2 2s2 2p3 - Unfilled

What I Have Learned

Element Electron Configuration (use the Subshell Number Magnetic

shorthand notation) (Filled/Not of Property
Filled) unpaired (P/D)
electrons
Cl [ Ne] 3s2 3p5 Not Filled 1 P
Zn [Ar] 4s 2
3d10
Filled 0 D
 F [ He] 2s2 2p5 Not Filled 1 P
Br [ Ar ] 4s2 3d10 4p5 Not filled 1 P
Na [Na ] 3s1 Not Filled 1 P

What I Can Do
(Answers may vary)

Rubric for Rating Output:

Point Descriptor
5 Answers the question correctly. Logical, in-depth, and
comprehensive interpretations to the question with complete
supporting statement is present
4 Answers the question correctly. Explains a logical interpretation
to the question
3 Understands the question. Uses all appropriate information
correctly but fails to provide a logical explanation to the
question
2 Uses some appropriate information correctly. Understands a part
of the question
1 Answer is inaccurate or confusing. Does not understand the
question and uses inappropriate information

References:
Brown, Theodore L., et.al., 2000 Chemistry: The Central Science. USA. Prentice- Hall, Inc.

Redmore, Fred H. 1980. Fundamentals of Chemistry. USA. Prentice-Hall, Inc

https://www.livescience.com

https://chem.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/Essential_Chemistry

chemed.chem.purdue.edu
18
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