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In The Case of Darwin

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98 views4 pages

In The Case of Darwin

Uploaded by

gracelyn ravelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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In the case of Darwin's finches, an ancestral finch species from the mainland arrived on

the Galápagos Islands and later evolved into many new species via adaptive radiation.
The ancestral finch species apparently did NOT undergo adaptive radiation back on the
mainland. What is the most plausible biological explanation?
Competition from many other bird species on the mainland provided stabilizing selection
that was absent on the islands
Which of the following is/are true about natural selection?
On average, it favors the survival of individuals that can produce the most
reproductively viable young that possess adaptive characteristics and can themselves
reproduce
Neo-Darwinism
consists of Darwin's basic principles coupled with an understanding of genetics
What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool
of a species over time?
Microevolution
For the sake of this genetics problem, consider that right-handedness (RR, Rr) is
dominant to left-handedness (rr). A teacher surveys her class of 24 students and finds
that six (one-fourth, or 0.25) are left-handed. How many of the remaining right-handed
students are likely to be carriers for a left-handedness gene?
Twelve, since q2 = 0.25, then q = 0.5, and 2pq or 2(0.5 x 0.5) = 0.5 of a class of 24
If Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met, what is the net effect?
✓ No evolution because the allele frequencies in the population remain the same from
generation to generation
Which of the following contribute(s) to evolution?
Mutations

Gene flow

Genetic drift

Natural selection

✓ All of the choices are correct


Ecology
study of the relationship of organisms to their environment
Populations
localized groups of interbreeding species
Communities
populations of different species
ecosystems
all populations in a community along with the physical environment
abiotic factors
physical factors of the environment, space, energy, heat, wind, soil
biotic factors
other organisms as food, competitors, predators
expendable
used up resources
Niches
physical space where an animal lives and is defined by the animals normal activities
Fundamental Niche
describes animals potential to live within a conditions
Realized niche
the narrower subset of suitable environments where animals actually exists
demes
local, geologically, disjunctive population that interbreed
Emigration
Source of replacement among demes within a region
demography
characteristics of a deme
age structure, sex ration, and growth rate
Cohort
group of individuals born at the same time followed until the last death
Type 1
hippos/mammals (few offspring, parental care
Many reproductive events)
Type 2
birds
Type 3
fish/insects (many offspring, no parental care,Often 1 reproductive event)
exponential growth
assumes unlimited resources
oscillations
as carrying capacity of an environment changes over time
Commensalism
an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives
neither benefit nor harm.
facultative mutualism
where one species could survive without the other species, but it is better for both
species to maintain the relationship
obligate mutualism
where one species cannot survive without the other species
amensalism
any relationship between organisms of different species in which one organism is
inhibited or destroyed while the other organism remains unaffected
Ectoparasites
-secure nutrition from host and are dispersed by the hose
Endoparasites
generally, the parasite and hose co evolve toward a less virulent relationship
Keystone species
usually predators-increase diversity by reduce competition
Energy
always flows
Eltonian pyramid
based on numbers of individuals
pyramid of biomass
can be built on the mass of organisms
energy pyramids
depicts rate of energy flow between levels
3 conditions to be common
1. geographic range
2. habitat tolerance
3. population size
Questions concerned with proximate causation of a behavior would focus on
Its physiological cause and effect using experimentation
The effort to experiment with animals to determine general laws of behavior that might
also apply to humans is
Comparative psychology
What is a stimulus that triggers a stereotypical behavior called?
A release or sign stimulus
Tinbergen's male stickleback fish would attack models of other males if the models had
A red underside
If a behavior is most closely associated with an organism's genetic makeup and is
identical to behavior in other members of the species, the behavior is referred to as
Innate
At first puppies crouch in fear when a leaf flutters overhead. Later they learn to
disregard it. This mode of learning is termed What is this called?
Habituation
If a male white-crowned sparrow is hatched and reared in isolation but allowed during a
critical period of imprinting (10 to 50 days after hatching) to hear the song of a male
from another species, the bird most likely will
develop an abnormal song.
A benefit of social organization may be
Protection from predators

Cooperation in hunting for food

To facilitate contact between males and females

✓ All of the choices are benefits

None of the choices are correct


Aggressive behavior between sexual rivals
Is characteristically nonviolent and ritualized
The function of territoriality may be
To reduce intraspecific fighting

To ensure food supply


For mating and rearing of young

✓ All of the choices are correct

None of the choices are correct


A territory
Is a defended area from which animals of the same species are excluded
When many female seals gather on a small island so the few dominant males can gain
access and defend their groupings of females, this represents
Female defense polygyny
The leader of a troop of baboons defends his family, or honeybees defend their hive "to
the death", what is this apparent behavior of risking one's life for others is called
Altruism
Altruistic behaviors between closely related animals
Increase the frequency of the altruistic genes in the next generation
Evolutionary modification of a normal behavior into a display to improve communication
is called
Ritualization
The waggle dance helps bees
Communicate the location of food
Chemicals produced by cells to affect their own immediate region, or local tissue
factors, are called
Parahormones
Hormones travel by
Floating everywhere in the blood stream, but only the target tissues will respond to their
presence
Peptide hormones and epinephrine
Are too large to pass across the plasma membrane
The second messenger that relays a hormone's message to the cell's biochemical
machinery
Can be any of six different molecules

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