STORAGE TANK DESIGN CALCULATION

1 .0 DESIGN CODE & SPECIFICATION

DESIGN CODE : API 650 11th Edition

1 .1 TANK
Item number : 7061T-3901
Roof ( Open/Close ) : Close
Type of roof : Cone-roof

1 .2 GEOMETRIC DATA
Inside diameter , Di ( corroded ) (@ 23,000 mm ) = 23,002 mm
Nominal diameter, Dn ( new ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 23,012 mm
Nominal diameter, Dc ( corroded ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 23,013 mm
Tank height (tan/tan), H = 16,000 mm
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Actual) = 1.050
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Design) = 1.050
Nominal capacity , V = 6337 m³
Maximum design liquid level, HL = 15,250 mm

1 .3 PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE

Design pressure : Upper , Pu (Atmospheric) = 0.00 mbarg
: Lower , Pl = 0.00 mbarg Vac
Design temperature : Upper , Tu = 70 °C
: Lower , Tl = -17 °C

1 .4 MATERIAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Component Material Tensile Yield Corrosion

Stress Stress Allowance
St(N/mm²) Sy(N/mm²) c.a.(mm)
PLATE
Shell Plate ( Mat'l Code # 1 ) (bot) ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 1.000
( Mat'l Code # 2 ) (top) ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 1.000
Annular Plate ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 1.000
Bottom Plate ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 1.000
Roof Plate ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 1.000
STRUCTURE MEMBERS
Roof structure (rafter,bracing,etc ) ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 0.00
Top Curb Angle ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 0.00
Intermediate Wind Girder ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 0.00
 SHELL THICKNESS CALCULATION BY ONE-FOOT METHOD
2 .0 SHELL DESIGN
2 .1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Plate size used : 2,500 mm
Shell plate min. width as per PTS 34.51.01.31 clause 6.3 : 1,500 mm

2 .2 MATERIAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

No Material Specified Specified Yield stress Max. allow Max. allow Corrosion
used min. tensile min. yield reduction fac design hydro.test allowance
stress stress ( App. M ) stress stress
St (N/mm²)Sy (N/mm²) k Sd (N/mm²) St (N/mm²) c.a (mm)

1 ASTM A36 400.00 248.00 1.000 160.00 171.00 1.00

2 ASTM A36 400.00 248.00 1.000 160.00 171.00 1.00
3 ASTM A36 400.00 248.00 1.000 160.00 171.00 1.00
4 ASTM A36 400.00 248.00 1.000 160.00 171.00 1.00
5 ASTM A36 400.00 248.00 1.000 160.00 171.00 1.00
6 ASTM A36 400.00 248.00 1.000 160.00 171.00 1.00
7 ASTM A36 400.00 240.00 1.000 160.00 171.43 1.00
8 - - - - - - -
9 - - - - - - -
10 - - - - - - -

2 .3 SPECIFIED MINIMUM SHELL THICKNESS

Specification : API 650 11th Edition
Minimum thickness as per API 650 cl 5.6.1.1 = 6.00 mm
Minimum thickness as per PTS 34.51.01.31 = 7.00 mm

2 .4 SHELL THICKNESS CALCULATION BY ONE-FOOT METHOD ( CLAUSE 5.6.3.1 )

SI METRIC UNIT :-
Design shell thickness, ( in mm )
4.9Dc ( [H+Hi] - 0.3 ).G
td = + c.a
Sd
Hydrostatic test shell thickness , ( in mm ) t.min = Min. of t.design, t.hydo &
4.9Dn ( H - 0.3 ) min. thickness as per PTS.
tt =
St tsc = Thicknes selected & used
Gravitational force = 9.81 m/s

2 .5 CALCULATION & RESULTS

No.Mat'l Material Width Height t.design t.hydro. t.min tsc. Result

Code (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
No.

1 1 ASTM A36 2,500 15,250 12.07 9.87 12.07 12.00 not O.K.
2 1 ASTM A36 2,500 12,750 10.22 8.21 10.22 12.00 O.K.
3 1 ASTM A36 2,500 10,250 8.37 6.56 8.37 10.00 O.K.
4 1 ASTM A36 2,500 7,750 6.52 4.91 7.00 8.00 O.K.
5 1 ASTM A36 2,000 5,250 4.66 3.26 7.00 8.00 O.K.
6 1 ASTM A36 2,000 3,250 3.18 1.94 7.00 8.00 O.K.
7 1 ASTM A36 2,000 1,250 1.70 0.62 7.00 11.00 O.K.
8 1 - 2,020 -750 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 11.00 #VALUE!
9 1 - -2,770 -2,770 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 11.00 #VALUE!
2 .6 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS

No. Height t.min tsc. H' H' max ∆H P'max Pmax

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) N/m² N/m²

1 15,250 12.07 12.00 15,250 15,169.43 -80.57 -790.41 -790.41

2 12,750 10.22 12.00 12,750 15,169.43 2419.43 23,734.59 -790.41
3 10,250 8.37 10.00 10,250 12,466.77 2216.77 21,746.50 21,746.50
4 7,750 7.00 8.00 7,750 9,764.11 2014.11 19,758.41 19,758.41
5 5,250 7.00 8.00 5,250 9,764.11 4514.11 44,283.41 19,758.41
6 3,250 7.00 8.00 3,250 9,764.11 6514.11 63,903.41 44,283.41
7 1,250 7.00 11.00 1,250 13,818.10 12568.10 123,293.05 63,903.41
8 0 #VALUE! 11.00 -750 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
9 0 #VALUE! 11.00 -2,770 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

H' = Effective liquid head at design pressure

H' max = Max. liquid head for tsc.
P'max = Max. allowable stress for tsc.
Pmax = Max. allowable stress at shell course.
 BOTTOM & ANNULAR PLATE DESIGN
3 .0 BOTTOM PLATE & ANNULAR PLATE DESIGN
Annular plate used ? ( yes/no ) : yes

BOTTOM PLATE
(i) Minimum thickness as per API 650 Clause 5.4.1 = 6.00 mm
Minimum thickness required (@ 1.00 mm c.a ) = 7.00 mm
Therefore, use thickness of 10.00 mm (tb) is satisfactory.

(ii) - =- mm
(iii) Min. width of overlapping (cl. 5.1.3.5) = 25 mm
(iv) Min. width of plate (cl. 5.4.1) = 1800 mm
(v) - = 50 mm

ANNULAR PLATE
(i) Nominal thickness of 1st shell course, tsc1 = 12.00 mm
Hydro. test stress in 1st shell course,
4.9Dn(H-0.3) = 140.48 N/mm²
St =
tsc1
where
Dn = Nominal diameter, Dn ( new ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 23.012 m
H = Design liquid level = 15.250 m
tsc1 = Nominal thickness of 1st shell course = 12.000 mm

Annular plate thickness ( As per Table 5-1a ) = 6.00 mm

Minimum thickness required (@ 1.00 mm c.a. ) = 7.00 mm
Therefore , use thickness of 10.00 mm (ta) is satisfactory.

(ii) Min. shell-to-bottom fillet welds size (cl. 5.1.5.7) = 10.00 mm

(iii) Min. width projected inside of shell to edge of overlapping (cl. 5.5.2) = 600 mm
(iv) Min. radial width of annular plate (cl. 5.5.2)
215 ta
La = = 537.29 mm
(HL. SG )0.5
where
ta = Annular plate thickness = 10.000 mm
HL = Maximum design liquid level = 15.25 m
SG = Design specific gravity = 1.05
(v) Min. width projected outside of shell ( cl. 5.5.2) = 50 mm
 ROOF TO SHELL JUNCTION CALCULATION

4 .1 DESIGN OF OPEN ROOF TANK - TOP STIFFENER RING

4 .1.1 TOP CURB ANGLE
If the top wind girder is located 600 mm below top of the tank, top curn angle shall be provided.
Location of top wind girders from top of tank, L = 1000 mm

Since L is > 600mm from top of tank, top curb angle is required.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
Minimum required size as per API 650 clause 5.9.3.2 = 76 x 76 x 6.4
Section modulus,Z min = 8380 mm3

MEMBER SIZE USED FOR TOP CURB ANGLE

Actual size for top curb angle = 75 x 75x 10
Section modulus, Za = 13500 mm3

Since Za > Zmin , therefore the angle size selected is satisfactory.

4 .1.2 TOP WIND GIRDER

The required minimum section modulus of the stiffening ring shall be as follows:-

2
Z= Dc².H2 V = 271 cm³
17 190 = 270,624 mm³
where
Dc = Nominal Tank Diameter = 23.013 m
H2 = Height of tank shell = 16 m
V = Wind Velocity = 140.00 km/hr

MEMBER SIZE USED FOR TOP WIND GIDER

Available section modulus
Fabricated Tee- Girder : T 825 x 250 x 8 x 10
Web plate length, L2 = 825 mm
Toe plate length, L3 = 250 mm
Web plate thk, t2 = 8 mm
Toe plate thk, t3 = 10 mm
Min. shell thickness where top wind girder located, tsc.cor = 7.00 mm
tsc.cor = 7.00 mm

10 mm D= 23015 mm
X
2 C1
8
250 mm

1 L1=16.tsc.cor = 112 mm
3 X
825 m
m
A Y AY h A.h² I = (bd³)/12
(mm²) (mm) (mm³) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
1 1568 3.50 5488 452.69498 321334537.82 6,403
2 6600 419.5 2768700 36.694976 8887040.1599 374343750
3 2,500 837.00 2,092,500 380.81 362,531,166 20,833
TOTAL 10,668 4,866,688 692,752,744 374,370,986
Neutral axis of combined section, C1 = 456 mm
Moment of inertia of section , Ix-x = 1,067,123,730 mm4
Section modulus available, Za = 2,339,183 mm³
Since Za > Zmin , therefore the angle size selected is satisfactory.
 INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS CALCULATION
5 .0 INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS DESIGN
5 .1 MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THE UNSTIFFENED SHELL ( CLAUSE 5.9.7.1 )

SI METRIC UNIT :-

H1 = (9.47 ts.cor ts.cor 3

190 ² = 14.525 m
x
Dc V = 14525 mm

where ts.cor = Top shell course thickness = 7.00 mm

Dc = Nominal tank diameter = 23.01 m
V = Wind design speed = 140.00 km/hr

5 .2 LOCATION OF INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS

Shell Shell Actual Transposed Since H1 > H2, therefore the intermediate
course thickness width width wind girder is/are not required
tsc.cor W Wtr
(mm) (mm) (mm) Minimum number of intermediate wind
1 11.00 2,500 808 girders required,
2 11.00 2,500 808 = 0
3 9.00 2,500 1,334
4 7.00 2,500 2,500 Location of intermediate wind girders from
5 7.00 2,000 2,000 top of tank,
6 7.00 2,000 2,000 L1 = - mm
7 10.00 0 L2 = - mm
8 10.00 0 L3 = - mm
9 10.00 -2,770 L4 = - mm
10 - - - L5 = - mm
11 - - -
12 - - -
13 - - -
14 - - -
15 - - -

Height of transformed shell, H2 = 9,449 mm

5 .3 SIZE OF INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS
(a) Required minimum section modulus of intermediate wind girder ( clause 5.9.7.6 )
SI METRIC UNIT :-

2
Z.min = Dc². H1 V = #VALUE! cm³
17 190 = #VALUE! mm³
where
Dc = Nominal tank diameter = 23.013 m
H1 = Vertical dist. between inter. wind girder & top angle = #VALUE! m
V = Wind design speed = 140.40 km/hr

(b) Available section modulus for intermediate wind girder

Fabricated Tee- Girder : T 405 x 150
Web plate length, L2 = 450 mm
Toe plate length, L3 = 150 mm
Web plate thk, t2 = 8 mm
Toe plate thk, t3 = 8 mm
Min. shell thickness where top wind girder located, tsc.cor = 7.00 mm
tsc.cor = 7.00 mm

8 mm D= 23015 mm
X
2 C1
8
150 mm

1 L1=16.tsc.cor = 112 mm
3 X
450 m
m
A Y AY h A.h² I = (bd³)/12
(mm²) (mm)(mm³) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
1 1568 3.505488 215.38945 72743618.722 6,403
2 3600 232
835200 13.110553 618791.73758 60750000
3 1,200 461.00
553,200 242.11 70,341,024 6,400
TOTAL 6,368 1,393,888 143,703,434 60,762,803
Neutral axis of combined section, C1 = 219 mm
Moment of inertia of section , Ix-x = 204,466,237 mm4
Section modulus available, Za = 830,790 mm³
Since Za #VALUE! Zmin , therefore the angle size selected is ###
 WIND LOAD CALCULATION (OVERTURNING STABILITY)
6 .1 WIND DESIGN CALCULATION
Internal design pressure, Pi ( @ 0.0 mbarg. ) = 0 N/mm²
Insulation thickness, ti = 0 mm

Nominal diameter of tank, D = 23,013 mm

Tank height , Hs = 16,000 mm
Roof slope, ß° = 10.000 °
Roof height, Hr = 2,029 mm
Height from tank bottom to shell centre, Ls = 8,000 mm
Height from tank bottom to roof centre,Lr = 16,676 mm
Min. depth of product (always present in tank) , Hw = 3000 mm

Weight of tank,Wt (corroded condition) (@ 207,636 kg ) = 2,036,907 N

Weight of product (always present in tank) , Ww = 12,841,053 N
Weight of shell + top angle (corroded ), WDL (@ 86,850 kg ) = 851,995 N

6 .2 WIND FORCE CALCULATION

As per API 650 clause 5.2.1(j), the wind pressure are as follows:-
Wind pressure on conical surfaces, wr (@ 30.00 psf ) = 0.0014369 N/mm²
Wind pressure on cylindrical surfaces, ws (@ 18.00 psf ) = 0.0008621 N/mm²
Wind correction factor, kw (= V /190)² = 1.00

Projected area of roof, Ar ( = 0.5.k.Do.Hr ) = 23,356,771 mm²

Projected area of shell, As ( = k.Do.Hs ) = 368,384,000 mm²

Total wind load exerted on roof, Fr ( = wr.kw.Ar ) = 33,561 N

Total wind load exerted on shell, Fs ( = ws.kw.As ) = 317,598 N
Total wind moment on tank, Mw ( = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls ) = 3,100,464,627 Nmm

6 .3 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST WIND LOADING

Wind Uplift Load

Internal Pressure Load

D/2

Wind load on H
shell, Fr

H/2 Momment about

shell to bottom joint

Dead Load (WDL)

Liquid hold down weight (wa)

For tank to be structurally stable without anchorage, the following uplift criteria shall satisfy:
Criteria 1: 0.6 Mw + Mpi < MDL / 1.5
Criteria 2: Mw + 0.4 Mpi < (MDL +MF) / 2

where:

Mpi = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from design internal pressure
= Uplift thrust on roof due to internal pressure x 1/2 tank diameter
= ( 1/4 p. D2. Pi ). 1/2. D = 0 Nmm

Mw = Overturning moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from horizontal

plus vertical wind pressure
 = Total wind moment on tank, ( = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls ) = 3,100,464,627 Nmm

MDL = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from the weight of the
shell and the roof supported by the shell.
= 0.5. D. WDL = 9,803,476,607 Nmm
Weight of roof = 0,since it is floating on liquid

MF = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from liquid weight (wa) = ### Nmm
= (wa. p D). D
1000 2

wa = Weight of liquid = 59 tb Fby. H = 64,214.21 N/m

H= Design liquid height = 19.2 m
tb = Thickness of Bottom plate under the shell = 16 mm
Fby = Minimum specified yeid stress of the bottom plate under the shell = 241 N/mm2

FOR CRITERIA 1 0.6 Mw + Mpi < MDL / 1.5

0.6 Mw + Mpi = 1,860,278,776 Nmm
MDL / 1.5 = 6,535,651,071 Nmm

FOR CRITERIA 2 Mw + 0.4 Mpi < (MDL +MF) / 2

Mw + 0.4 Mpi = 3,100,464,627 Nmm
(MDL +MF) / 2 = ### Nmm

Since,
0.6 Mw+ Mpi < MDL/1.5, and
Mw+0.4 Mpi < 1/2 (MDL+ MF)

The tank anchorage is NOT REQUIRED.

 SEISMIC FORCE CALCULATION
7 .1 SEISMIC LOADS DESIGN
### .1.1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Seismic peak ground acceleration, Sp = 0.3 g
Importance factor, I = 1.50
Site Class = D
Seismic Use Group, SUG = III

Nominal diameter of tank, D = 23,013 mm

Total height of tank shell, Ht = 16,000 mm
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of shell,Xs = 8,000 mm
Maximum design liquid level, H = 15,250 mm
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of roof,Xr = 0 mm
Design specific gravity of liquid, G = 1

Total weight of tank shell, Ws (@ 90,227 kg ) = 885,129 N

Total weight of tank roof, Wr (@ 0 kg ) = 0N
Total weight of tank contents, Wp (@ 6,652,804 kg ) = 65,264,002 N
Total weight of tank bottom, Wf (@ 32,985 kg ) = 323,579 N

Note: The total weight of the tank roof will be added to the weight of tank content,
since the roof is floating on the liquid.
7 .1.2 DESIGN SPECTRAL RESPONSE ACCELERATIONS

Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter, Ai

I
Ai = 2.5 Q Fa So = 0.34
Rwi

Convective spectral acceleration parameter, Ac

When Tc ≤ TL
Ts I
Ac = 2.5 K Q Fa So ≤ Ai = -
Tc Rwc

When Tc > TL
Ts .TL I
Ac = 2.5 K Q Fa So ≤ Ai = 0.1100871871
2
Tc Rwc

where
Q = Scaling factor = 1
K = Coefficient to adjust the spectral damping from 5% - 0.5% = 1.5
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient as per Table E-1 = 1.2
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient as per Table E-2 = 1.65
So = Substitution for seismic peak ground acceleration Sp = 0.3
Rwi = Force reduction coefficient for impulsive mode as per Table E-4 = 4
Rwc = Force reduction coefficient for convective mode as per Table E-4 = 2
TL = Regional dependent transition period for longer period = 4s
ground motion
Tc = First mode sloshing wave period for convective mode = 5.03 s
Ts = Fv. S1/ Fa. Ss = 0.69
7 .1.3 CONVECTIVE (SLOSHING ) PERIOD
The first mode sloshing wave period,

Tc = 1.8 Ks √ D = 5.03 s

where,
Ks = sloshing period coefficient

0.578
Ks = 3.68 H = 0.58
tanh
D

Fv . S1
Ts =
Fa . Ss
= 0.69
where,
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient (at 0.2 sec perios)
as per Table E-1 = 1.2
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient (at 1 sec. period) as per Table E-2 = 1.6500

S1 = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response

acceleration parameter at the period of one second, %g
Ss = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response
acceleration parameter at shorts period of 0.2 second, %g

For regions outside USA, sites not defined by ASCE 7 method,

S1 = 1.25 Sp = 0.375
Ss = 2.5 Sp = 0.75

Since Tc > TL , the convective spectral acceleration parameter Ac = 0.11

and the impulsive spectral acceleration parameter Ai = 0.34

7 .2 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST SEISMIC LOADING

7 .2.1 EFFECTIVE MASS OF TANK CONTENTS
Effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight,

For D/H ≥ 1.333,

tanh (0.866.D/H)
Wi = . Wp = 43,122,216.35 N
0.866. D/H

For D/H < 1.333,

D
Wi = 1.0 - 0.218 . Wp = - N
H

Since D/H > 1.333 , effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight, Wi = 43,122,216.35 N

Effective convective weight,

D 3.67H
Wc = 0.230 tanh . Wp = 22,304,866.18 N
H D
7 .2.2 CENTER OF ACTION FOR EFFECTIVE LATERAL FORCES
The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the impulsive liquid force for ringwall moment,

For D/H ≥ 1.333,

Xi = 0.375H = 5718.75 mm

For D/H < 1.333,

D
Xi = 0.5 - 0.094 .H = - mm
H

Since D/H > 1.333 , Xi = 5,718.75 mm

The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the convective liquid force for ringwall moment,

3.67 H
cosh -1
D
Xc = 1.0 - .H = 9,992.32 mm
3.67H 3.67 H
sinh
D D

7 .2.3 OVERTURNING MOMENT

The seismic overturning moment at the base of the tank shell shall be the SRSS summation of the impulsive and
convective components multiplied by the respective moment arms to the center of action of the forces.

Ringwall moment,

Mrw = [Ai ( Wi. Xi + Ws. Xs + Wr. Xr)]2 + [Ac (Wc. Xc)]2 = 89065378118 Nmm

= 89065378.118 Nm

7 .2.4 SHEAR FORCE

The seismic base shear shall be defined as the SRSS combination of the impulsive and convective components.

V= Vi2 + Vc2 = 15,161,842.22 N

where, Vi = Ai (Ws + Wr +Wf + Wi) = 14,961,686.99 N

Vc = Ac. Wc = 2,455,479.98 N

7 .3 RESISTANCE TO OVERTURNING
7 .3.1 THICKNESS OF THE BOTTOM PLATE UNDER THE SHELL & ITS RADIAL WIDTH
Bottom/Annular plate thickness , ta = 16.00 mm
Thickness of bottom shell course, ts = 28.00 mm
Bottom/Annular plate radial width, Ls = 1200.0 mm
Min. specified yield strength of bottom annulus, Fy = 241.0 N/mm2
Min. specified yield strength of bottom shell course, Fty = 241.0 N/mm2

Anchorage Ratio, J

Mrw
J= = 1.86
D2 ( Wt (1 - 0.4 Av) + Wa )

where,
Av = Vertical earthquake acceleration coefficient = 0.7
Wt = Tank and roof weight acting at base of shell = 12.24 N/mm
wa = Resisting force of the annulus = 81.48 N/mm
 Weight of tank shell and portion of roof supported by the shell,
Ws
Wt = + wrs = 12.24 N/mm
p. D

wrs = Roof load acting on the shell, including 10% of specified

= 0 N/mm
snow load. ( Zero for floating roof)

The resisting force of the annulus,

wa = 99 ta Fy. H. Ge ≤ 196. H. D. Ge = 81,482.60 N/m

wa < 196.H.D.Ge = 49,525,817,040.00

Ge = Effective specific gravity including vertical seismic effect

= G. (1 - 0.4 Av) = 0.72

Since the anchorage ratio, > 1.54, the tank is not stable and cannot be self-anchored
for the design load. The tank shall be mechanically anchored.

7 .3.2 ANNULAR PLATE REQUIREMENT

If the thickness of the bottom plate under the shell is thicker than the remainder
of the bottom, then the minimum radial width of the bottom plate,

Fy
L= 0.01723 ta = 1,291.55 mm
H. Ge

The maximum width of annulus for determining the resisting force, 0.035 D = 805.46 mm

Since L < 0.035 D, the minimum radial width should be = 1,291.55 mm

And,
Since Ls < L, the bottom/ annular plate width is insufficient!!

7 .3.3 SHELL COMPRESSION

MECHANICALLY-ANCHORED TANKS

Maximum longitudinal shell compression,

1.273 Mrw 1
sc = wt ( 1 + 0.4 Av) + 2
D ts = 8.21 N/mm

7 .3.4 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SHELL COMPRESSION

GHD² ( D in m ) = 10.301 m³/mm²

A=
ts²

For GHD²/(ts²) < 44 m³/mm²,

83.ts
Fc = + 7.5{G.H}½
2.5D = 69.68 N/mm²

For GHD²/(ts²) ³ 44 m³/mm²,

83.ts = - N/mm²
Fc =
D

Therefore, Fa ( < 0.5Fty ) = 69.68 N/mm²

Since sc < Fc, therefore the tank is structurally stable.

7 .4 FREE BOARD FOR SLOSHING WAVE HEIGHT

Sloshing wave height above the product design height,

ds = 0.5 D. Af = 1,688.96 mm

where:
For SUG I and II,
When Tc ≤ 4
1 Ts
Af = K. SD1. I. = 2.5 K Q Fa So I = 0.28
Tc Tc

When Tc > 4
4 4Ts
Af = K. SD1. I. = 2.5 K Q Fa So I = 0.22
Tc 2 Tc 2

For SUG III

When Tc ≤ TL
1 Ts
Af = K. SD1 = 2.5 K Q Fa So = 0.18
Tc Tc

When Tc > TL
TL Ts. TL
Af = K. SD1 = 2.5 K Q Fa So = 0.15
Tc 2 Tc 2

Since SUG is III and Tc > TL , Af = 0.15

For SDS = Q Fa Ss = 0.9 > 0.33g,

Minimum required freeboard, dsreq ( as per Table E-7) = 1,688.96 mm

7 .5 TANK ANCHORAGE
7 .5.1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Number of bolts , N = 86
Dia. of anchor bolt, d = 64 mm
Dia. of anchor bolt,d.corr (less c.a.= 3.000 mm) (min.size.25.4 mm ) = 58 mm
Bolts circle diameter, Da = 39,320 mm
Root area of each hold down bolt, Ab = 2,642 mm²
Spacing between anchor bolts, Sp = 1,436 mm

7 .5.2 MATERIAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Material used : SA 320 Gr L7
Specific minimum yield stress, Sy = 551.5 N/mm²
Allowable tensile strength, St.all ( 0.80Sy ) ( Table 5-21a ) = 441.20 N/mm²

Uplift force due to seismic loading,

WAB = 1.273 Mrw - wt ( 1 - 0.4 Av) + w = 14,840,675 N

int
Dc²

where
Mrw = Overturing moment due to seismic = 89065378118 Nmm
Dc = Nominal diameter of tank = 23,013 mm
wt = Tank and roof weight acting at base of shell, = 12.24 N/mm
Av = Vertical earthquake acceleration coefficient = 0.70
wint = Uplift thrust due to internal pressure = 0 N/mm

Tensile stress,
sb = WAB / N.Ab = 65.31 N/mm²

Since sb < St.all,therefore the anchor bolt size is satisfactory.

 DESIGN OF SINGLE DECK FLOATING ROOF FOR A STORAGE TANK

75
1
64 Top pontoon plt 8
Rafter L 75 x 75 x 6

Outer Rim Inner Rim 15

975 Post
525
Btm Angle Deck Plate 8
Bulkhead

198 2181 18248

22610

Shell I.D 23006

( All dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated. )

8 .1 TANK GEOMETRY DATA

Inside diameter , Di ( corroded ) (@ 23,000 mm ) = 23,006 mm
Tank height (tan/tan), H =

Material of Construction : SA 516 Gr 65N

Specific Minimum Yield Stress, Sy = 275 N/mm²
Modulus of Elasticity = 209,000 N/mm²
Density of Material, r (plate) = 7,850 kg/m³

Corrosion Allowance = 3 mm
Min. Specific Gravity of product = 0.7
Max. Specific Gravity of product = 1

### .2 GEOMETRY DATA

Outer Rim Height, Hor = 975 mm
Inner Rim Height, Hir = 525 mm
Pontoon width, w = 2181 mm
Rim Gap = 198 mm
Outer Rim Extend above pontoon, Hext = 75 mm

No. of Pontoons, N = 22

Outer Rim Diameter, Øor = 22610 mm

Inner Rim Diameter, Øir = 18248 mm

Bulkhead Outer heigh, Boh = 884 mm

Bulkhead Inner heigh, Bih = 509 mm
Bulkhead Width, wb = 2157 mm

8 .3 MEMBER SIZE & PROPERTIES

Outer Rim Thk, Tor = 9 mm
Inner Rim Thk, Tir = 15 mm
Top Pontoon Thk, Ttp = 8 mm
Btm Pontoon Thk, Tbp = 8 mm
Bulkheads Thk, Tb = 8 mm
Deck Plate Thickness, Td = 8 mm
Circumferential Truss Plates = 8 mm

Rafter 44 Nos. of L 75 x 75 x 6 @ unit weight of 6.85 kg/m

Posts 44 Nos. of L 75 x 75 x 6 @ unit weight of 6.85 kg/m
8 .4 ROOF SUPPORT LEG ( Refer to Design of Supporting Legs)
8 .4.1 PONTOON LEG
No. of Pontoon Leg, Np = 22
Pontoon Leg Size 3" pipe x Sch. 80 @ unit wt 15.27 kg/m
Pontoon Leg Housing 4" pipe x Sch. 80 @ unit wt 22.32 kg/m
Pontoon Leg length = 2940 mm
Pontoon Leg Housing length = 1084 mm

8 .4.2 DECK LEG

No. of Deck Leg, Nd (Area od deck / 30m² / leg ) = 30
Deck Leg Size 3" pipe x Sch. 80 @ unit wt 15.27 kg/m
Deck Leg Housing 4" pipe x Sch. 80 @ unit wt 22.32 kg/m
Deck Leg length = 2927 mm
Deck Leg Housing length = 823 mm

8 .5 WEIGHT CALCULATION

Top Pontoon = p/4 x( Øor² - Øir²) x Ttp x r(plate) = 8,790.47 kg

Bottom Pontoon p/4 x( Øor² - Øir²) x Tbp x r(plate) = 8,790.47 kg

Inner Rim = p x Øir x Hir x Tir x r = 3,543.93 kg

Outer Rim = p x Øor x Hor x Tor x r = 4,892.91 kg

Bulkheads = 1/2 x (Boh - Bih)x wb x Tb x r x N = 2,075.65 kg

Deck Plate = p/4 x Øir x Td x r = 16,424.04 kg

Pontoon Legs = 987.66 kg

Pontoon Legs housing = 532.29 kg
Deck Legs = 1340.86 kg
Deck Legs housing = 551.08 kg

TOTAL WEIGHT
Pontoon Components: - (Wpontoon) = 55,248.45 kg
Deck Components: - (Wdeck) = 16,424.04 kg
Total Weight of Floating Roof, (Wroof) = 71,672.49 kg

9 .0 PONTOON VOLUME
O. Rim Ø 22610 mm

I. Rim Ø + 2 x 2/3 w 21156 mm

h3 = 0.03
3
I. Rim Ø 18248 mm
h2 = 0.53 2

h1 = 0.35 1

Volume 1 = 23.17 m³

Volume 2 = 67.39 m³

Volume 3 = 2.19 m³

Total Pontoon Volume, Vol(pontoon) = 92.76 m³

SETTING DECK LEVEL

9 .1 OPERATION FLOATATION LEVEL - DECK

Deck Floatation Depth Density of Deck

=
 =
Deck Thk Density of Product

r (deck)
Floatation Depth, D(deck) = x Td = 89.71 mm
r (product)

9 .2 OPERATION FLOATATION LEVEL - PONTOON

Buoyant Force, FB = Fpontoon

r x Vdisplacement x g = W (Pontoon) x g

Pontoon Weight, W(pontoon)

Product Displacement, Vdisplacement = = 78.93 m³
r (product)

To find Floatation Depth of Pontoon from Inner Corner of Pontoon,

Vol. Displacement above Inner corner of Pontoon

D(pontoon) =
Pontoon Cross Area in Vol. 2

Vdisplacement - Vbackslope (Vol.1)

D(pontoon) = = 398.31 mm
1/4 x p x (Øor² - Øir²)

Freeboard above deck,

3 249.41
Product Level
2 89.71
398.31 Deck Level

1
308.59m

The Deck is set at the difference of floation depth in Pontoon & Deck,

D(deck) - D(pontoon) = 308.59 mm

9 .3 NORMAL OPERATION FLOATATION LEVEL FOR ROOF - PONTOON & DECK

Actual Product
Level 102.39 m³
Deck
Level Deck

H, Floatation Height Above Deck

Total Volume Displaced by the roof

=
Volume Displaced by the Backslope, V1
+
Partial Volume Displaced in Pontoon below the deck level, Va
+
Volume Displaced by the Deck, Vb

Total Volume Displaced by the roof, Vdisplacement (roof):

Roof Total Weight, W(roof)

Vdisplacement (roof) = = 102.39 m³
r (product)
 i) Volume Displaced by the Backslope, Volume 1 = 23.17

ii) Partial Volume Displaced in Pontoon below the deck level:

Deck level Height, h

x Vol. 2 = 40.86 m³
Bulk head outer height, Bih

iii) Volume Displaced by the Deck:

Area of Deck Plate x Floatation Height Above Deck

p/4 x Øir2 x H = 261.53 H

Hence, The Floatation Height Above Deck, H = 0.15 m

146.68 mm

94 FLOATATION LEVEL FOR ROOF - PONTOON & DECK FOR 10" (254MM) OF ACCUMULATED RAIN WATER

For deck to support 10" (254mm) of rain water:

Volume of rain water collected at the deck, Vrain =
Vrain = Adeck x Hrain = 66.43 m³

where
Adeck = Area of deck = p/4 x Øir2 = ### mm2
Hrain = Rain accumulation of 10" = 254.00 mm

Total Volume Displaced by the roof with the 10" of rain water accumulation, Vdisplacement (rain):
W(roof) + Wt(rain)
Vdisplacement (rain) = = 197.29 m³
r (product)
where
W(roof) = Total weight of roof
Wt(rain) = Weight of 10" rain water

Floatation Height above Deck,

H(rain) = Vdisplacement (rain) - Vol.1 - partial of Vol.2 (ii) = 0.33 m
Area of roof = 331.90 mm

CHECKING THE STRESSES AND DEFLECTION IN THE CENTRE DECK

(Ref. to Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, 7th Edition)
10 1 CASE 1: NORMAL CASE - NO PONTOON PUNCTURED

3
q 4
y  y  ( 11.11.1)
4
 K 1  K 2  
Et t  t 

2
 2
y  y 
2
 K 3  K 4   ( 11.11.2)
Et t  t 

Where:
t= Plate thickness, Deck (mm) = Td = 8
a= Outer radius of the deck plate = Øir / 2 = 9124
q= Unit lateral pressure (equiv. weight of deck that float on product)
= Td x ( r(plate) - r(product) ) = 0.000561 N/mm2
y= Maximum deflection
sb = bending stress
sd = diaphragm stress
s= sb + sd = Maximum stress due to flexure and diaphragm tension combined
v= Poisson's ratio = 0.3
E= Modulus of Elasticity = 209,000 N/mm²
The deck plate is fixed and held at its outer edge by the pontoon, hence condition is consider as:
Fixed and Held. Uniform pressure q over entire plate (Case 3 in Roark's Formulas)

5.33
K1 = = 5.86
1 - n2
2.6
K2 = = 2.86
1 - n2

At the Centre,
K3 = 2
= 2.86
1- n

K4 = 0.976

At the edge,
K3 = 4
= 4.40
1 - n2

K4 = 1.73

For q α4
= 4,542.55
Et4

And
K1 y + K2 y 3
q α4
= 56,249.31
t t = Et4

y = 215.81 mm

Solving equation 11.11.2

σα² = K3 y + K4 y 2
E. t 2 t t

= 787.3494954 (at Deck Center)

= 1377.567315 (at Deck Edge)

At Deck Center,
σtotal = 126.51 N/mm2
σbending = 12.38 N/mm2
σdiaphgram = 114.13 N/mm2

At Deck Edge,
σtotal = 221.34 N/mm2
σbending = 19.05 N/mm2
σdiaphgram = 202.29 N/mm2

It is the diaphragm stress at the edge which causes the tension at the outer edge of the Deck.
Hence, the radial force on the inner rim,
Rh = σ diaphgram x deck thickness = 1618.33 N/mm
10 2 PONTOON STRESS DESIGN - CASE 1
10 .2.1 PONTOON PROPERTIES

Nominal diameter of Inner Rim, Øir = 18248 mm

2 2160 Pontoon Inside Width = 2160 mm
525 Inner Rim Thickness, Tir = 12 mm
4 Outer Rim Thickness, Tor = 9 mm
900 Top Pontoon Thk, Ttp = 8
a Btm Pontoon Thk, Tbp = 8
2187 3
Top Pontoon slope angle @ 1 : 64 = 0.02 rad
Backslope angle, a = 0.16 rad

A Y AY h A.h² I = (bd³)/12
(mm²) (mm) (mm³) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
1 6300 6 37,800 1,126 ### 75,600
2 17282 1092 18,872,063 40 26,969,435 6,720,924,525
3 17494 1092 19,103,800 40 27,300,602 6,971,562,462
4 8100 2176.5 17,629,650 1,045 ### 54,675
TOTAL 49,176 55,643,313 16,880,189,001 ###
Neutral axis of combined section, C1 = 1132 mm
Moment of inertia of section , Ix-x = ### mm4
Section modulus available, Za = 27,019,626 mm³

10 .2.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Material Properties : SA 516 Gr. 65N
Specified minimum yield stress, Sy = 275.00 N/mm²
Yield strength reduction factor, k ( Table M-1 ) = 1.000
Allowable stress reduction factor ( App. M.3.5 ), Ks ( = k.Sy/206.7 ) = 1.00
Allowable bending stress, Fb = 183.33 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress, Fc = 165.00 N/mm²

10 .2.3 PONTOON RING DESIGN

The uniform radial force acting on the Inner Rim is modelled as load point at each mm of circumference,
with a very small angle between load point approximtaed to uniform distributed load in the circular ring design.

Rh
Number of load point @ each mm,
a° Nlp = p x Øir = 57,327.78
Mid Point Angle a° = /2 x 360/ Nlp = 0.003140 °
Radial load on rim, Rh = 1618.33 N
( Note : Rh is negative for inward force )

(Reference to Roark's Formulas For Stress and Strain, 7th Edition, Table 9.2 Case 7)

At Mid-Point,
Bending moment, Circ. tensile force,
Rh.Do 1 1 Rh
Mm = - Tm =
4 sin a a 2.sin a

At Reaction-Point,
Bending moment, Circ. tensile force,
Rh.Do 1 1 Rh
Mr =- - Tr =
4 a tan a 2 tan a
( Do= Qir, nonimial diamter of inner ring)
10 .2.4 RESULT

RING STABILITY CHECK MID-POINT LOAD-POINT

Bending Moment ( Nmm ) 67.43 -134.86
Circumferential force (N) 14,765,658 14,765,658
Bending Stress ( N/mm² ) 0.0000025 -0.000005
Circumferential stress ( N/mm² ) 300.26 300.26

Allow. bending stress ( N/mm² ) 183 183.33

Allow. axial stress ( N/mm² ) 165 165
Unity Check 1.82 1.82
Condition Not OK ! Not OK !

10 .3 CASE 2: INFLUENCE OF 10" (254mm) OF RAIN ACCUMULATED ON CENTER DECK

10" Rain

For deck to support 10" (254mm) of rain water:

Volume of rain water collected at the deck,
Vrain = Adeck x Hrain = 66.43 m³

where
Adeck = Area of deck = p/4 x Øir2 = ### mm³
Hrain = Rain accumulation of 10" = 254 mm

Weight of 10" accumulated rain water, Wrain = Vol.rain x r rain = 66,428.45 kg

Upward Bouyant Load = Deck Area x Floatation Height x Product density

= p/4 x (Øir)2 x H(rain) x r = 60,760.49 kg

Downward load due to deck steel and rain water,

= Wdeck + Wrain = 82,852.50 kg

Nett downward force acting on deck =

(Upward bouyant load - Downward Load)
= = 84.47 kg/m2
75 Deck Area

3
q 4
y  y  ( 11.11.1)
4
 K 1  K 2  
Et t  t 
2
 2
y  y 
2
 K 3  K 4   ( 11.11.2)
Et t  t 
Where:
t = Plate thickness, Deck (mm) = Td = 8
a = Outer radius of the deck plate = Øir / 2 = 9124
q = Unit lateral pressure = 0.000829 N/mm2
y = Maximum deflection
sb = bending stress
sd = diaphragm stress
s = sb + sd = Maximum stress due to flexure and diaphragm tension combined
v = Poisson's ratio = 0.3
E = Modulus of Elasticity = 200,000 N/mm²
The deck plate is fixed and held at its outer edge by the pontoon, hence condition is consider as:
Case 3 - Fixed and Held. Uniform pressure q over entire plate

K1 = 5.33
= 5.86
1 - n2

K2 = 2.6 2
K 3  = 2.86
1 - n2
1  v
At the Centre,
K3 = 2
= 2.86
1- n

K4 = 0.976

At the edge,
K3 = 4
= 4.40
1 - n2

K4 = 1.73

For q α4
= 7,010.27
Et4

And
K1 y + K2 y 3 q α4
= 55,140.73
t t = Et4

y = 214.3832 mm

Solving equation 11.11.2

σα² = K3 y + K4 y 2
E. t 2 t t

= 777.4581306 (at Deck Center)

= 1360.154003 (at Deck Edge)

At Deck Center,
σtotal = 119.54 N/mm2
σbending = 11.77 N/mm2
σdiaphgram = 107.77 N/mm2

At Deck edge,
σtotal = 209.14 N/mm2
σbending = 18.11 N/mm3
σdiaphgram = 191.02 N/mm4

It is the diaphragm stress at the edge which causes the tension at the outer edge of the Deck.
Hence, the radial force on the inner rim,
Rh = σ diaphgram x deck thickness = 1528.19 N/mm
10 4 PONTOON STRESS DESIGN - CASE 2
10 .4.1 PONTOON PROPERTIES
Nominal diameter of Inner Rim, Øir = 18248 mm
Section modulus available, Za2 = = 27019626.01 mm3
Cross sectional area, Aa = 49,176 mm²

10 .4.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Material Properties : SA 516 Gr. 65N
Specified minimum yield stress, Sy = 275.00 N/mm²
Yield strength reduction factor, k ( Table M-1 ) = 1.000
Allowable stress reduction factor ( App. M.3.5 ), Ks ( = k.Sy/206.7 ) = 1.00
Allowable bending stress, Fb = 183.33 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress, Fc = 165.00 N/mm²

10 .4.3 PONTOON RING DESIGN

The uniform radial force acting on the Inner Rim is modelled as load point at each mm of circumference,
with a very small angle between load point approximtaed to uniform distributed load in the circular ring design.

Rh
Number of load point @ each mm,
Nlp = p x Øir = 57327.78
a° Angle a° = /2 x 360/ Nlp = 0.003140 °
Mid Point Radial load on rim, Rh = 1528.19 N/ load pt
( Note : Rh is negative for inward force )

(Reference to Roark's Formulas For Stress and Strain, 7th Edition, Table 9.2 Case 7)

At Mid-Point,
Bending moment, Circ. tensile force,
Rh.Do 1 1 Rh
Mm = - Tm =
4 sin a a 2.sin a

At Reaction-Point,
Bending moment, Circ. tensile force,
Rh.Do 1 1 Rh
Mr = - Tr =
4 a tan a 2 tan a

10 .4.4 RESULT

RING STABILITY CHECK MID-POINT LOAD-POINT

Bending Moment ( Nmm ) 63.67 -127.35
Circumferential force (N) 13,943,201 13,943,201
Bending Stress ( N/mm² ) 0.0000024 -0.000005
Circumferential stress ( N/mm² ) 283.53 283.53

Allow. bending stress ( N/mm² ) 183 183

Allow. axial stress ( N/mm² ) 165 165
Unity Check 1.72 1.72
Condition Not OK ! Not OK !

10 .4.5 STRESSES SUMMARY

LOAD CASE 1 LOAD CASE 2

Deck Center Deck Edge Deck Center Deck Edge
σtotal ( N/mm² ) 126.51 221.34 119.54 209.14
σbending ( N/mm² ) 12.38 19.05 11.77 18.11
σdiaphgram ( N/mm² ) 114.13 202.29 107.77 191.02
 ROOF SUPPORT LEG DESIGN

22 Nos. at R4 18541.00
15 Nos. at R3 13716.00
10 Nos. at R2 8839.00
5 Nos. at R1 4267.00

11 .1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Support leg size = 3" Sch. 80
Pipe outside diameter = 88.9 mm
Pipe Thickness, = 7.62 mm
Pipe Area, Aleg = 1,945.76 mm2
Radius of gyration, r = I Do2 - Di2
= 24.89
Aleg 4

11 .2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Material of Construction for roof support leg : SA 333 Gr 6
Specific Minimum Yield Stress, Sy = 241 N/mm²
Modulus of Elasticity = 209,000 N/mm²
Density of Material, r (plate) = 7,850 kg/m³
Leg Material

11 .3 LOADING DATA
Support leg length at
i) R1 : Lsp1 = 2927 mm
ii) R2 : Lsp2 = 2927 mm
iii) R3 : Lsp3 = 2927 mm
iv) R4 : Lsp4 = 2940 mm

Deck O.D = 34231 mm

Deck Thickness, td =8 mm
Deck Area, Adeck = ### mm2
Center deck weight, Wdeck = 57,794.79 kg

Design Live Load, Llive = 1.2 KN/m2

Effective radius for area of deck supported by leg:

R3eff = 1/2(Øir/2-R3) = 15415.75

R2eff = 1/2(R3-R2) = 11277.5
R1eff= 1/2(R2-R1) = 6553

Area of deck supported by legs at

2
i) R1 = p(R1eff) = ### mm2
2 2
ii) R2 = p((R2eff) - (R1eff) ) = ### mm2
2 2
iii) R3 = p((R3eff) - (R2eff) ) = ### mm2
2 2
iv) R4 = p((Ødeck) - (R3eff) ) = ### mm2
11 .4 SUPPORT LEG AT INNER DECK R1
No. of legs at R1 = 5
Area of deck supported by legs at R1, A1 = ### mm2
Deck area on each leg, A1' = 26,981,134.34 mm2
A1'
Deck load on one leg = Wdeck x = 1,694.42 kg
Adeck
= 16.62 KN
Live load on one leg = Llive x A1' = 32.38 KN
Total load on one leg = Deck load + Live load = 49.00 KN

Stress on support leg at inner deck R1, P1 = Total Load / Aleg = 25.18 N/mm2

11 .4.1 ALLOWABLE STRESS

As per AISC code,
Slenderness ratio,
l = K.Lsp1 / Rx-x = 118
where
K = 1
Column slenderness ratio dividing elastic and inelastic buckling,
2p²E
Cc = = 130.84
Sy
When l £ Cc,
[ 1 - l² / 2Cc² ].Sy
Sc.all = (i) = 75.08 N/mm²
5/3 + 3l /8Cc - l³/8Cc³
When Cc £ l £ 120,
12p²E
Sc.all = (ii) = 77.80 N/mm²
23 l²
When 120 £ l £ 200,
Smaller of (i) or (ii)
Sc.all = = 74.20 N/mm²
1.6 - l/200
In this case, the allowable stress Sc.all is = 75.08 N/mm²

Since P1 < Sc.all, the support leg at inner deck R1 is satisfactory.

11 .5 SUPPORT LEG AT INNER DECK R2

No. of legs at R2 = 10
Area of deck supported by legs at R2, A2 = ### mm2
Deck area on each leg, A2' = 26,464,838.48 mm2
A2'
Deck load on one leg = Wdeck x = 1,661.99 kg
Adeck
= 16.30 KN
Live load on one leg = Llive x A2' = 31.76 KN
Total load on one leg = Deck load + Live load = 48.06 KN

Stresses on support leg at inner deck R2, P2 = = 24.70 N/mm2

11 .5.1 ALLOWABLE STRESS

As per AISC code,
Slenderness ratio,
l = K.Lsp2 / Rx-x = 118
where
K = 1
Column slenderness ratio dividing elastic and inelastic buckling,
2p²E
Cc = = 130.84
Sy
 When l £ Cc,
[ 1 - l² / 2Cc² ].Sy
Sc.all = (i) = 75.08 N/mm²
5/3 + 3l /8Cc - l³/8Cc³
When Cc £ l £ 120,
12p²E
Sc.all = (ii) = 77.80 N/mm²
23 l²
When 120 £ l £ 200,
Smaller of (i) or (ii)
Sc.all = = 74.20 N/mm²
1.6 - l/200
In this case, the allowable stress Sc.all is = 75.08 N/mm²

Since P2 < Sc.all, the support leg at inner deck R2 is satisfactory.

11 .6 SUPPORT LEG AT INNER DECK R3

No. of legs at R3 = 15
Area of deck supported by legs at R3, A3 = ### mm2
Deck area on each leg, A3' = 23,135,388.21 mm2
A3'
Deck load on one leg = Wdeck x = 1,452.90 kg
Adeck
= 14.25 KN
Live load on one leg = Llive x A3' = 27.76 KN
Total load on one leg = Deck load + Live load = 42.02 KN

Stresses on support leg at inner deck R3, P3 = Total Load / Aleg = 21.59 N/mm2

11 .6.1 ALLOWABLE STRESS

As per AISC code,
Slenderness ratio,
l = K.Lsp3 / Rx-x = 118
where
K = 1
Column slenderness ratio dividing elastic and inelastic buckling,
2p²E
Cc = = 130.84
Sy
When l £ Cc,
[ 1 - l² / 2Cc² ].Sy
Sc.all = (i) = 75.08 N/mm²
5/3 + 3l /8Cc - l³/8Cc³
When Cc £ l £ 120,
12p²E
Sc.all = (ii) = 77.80 N/mm²
23 l²
When 120 £ l £ 200,
Smaller of (i) or (ii)
Sc.all = = 74.20 N/mm²
1.6 - l/200
In this case, the allowable stress Sc.all is = 75.08 N/mm²

Since P3 < Sc.all, the support leg at inner deck R3 is satisfactory.

11 .7 SUPPORT LEG AT PONTOON
No. of legs at R4 = 27
Area of deck supported by legs at R4, A4 = ### mm2
Deck area on each leg, A4' = 6,433,864.49 mm2
A4'
Deck load on one leg = Wdeck x = 404.05 kg
Adeck
= 3.96 KN
Pontoon weight, Wpontoon = 55,248.45 kg
Pontoon weight on one leg, Wpontoon' = 5,022.59 kg
= 49.27 KN
Live load on one leg = Llive x A4' = 7.72 KN
Total load on one leg = Deck load + Live load + Pontoon weight = 60.96 KN

Stresses on support leg at Pontoon, P4 = Total Load / Aleg = 31.33 N/mm2

11 .7.1 ALLOWABLE STRESS

As per AISC code,
Slenderness ratio,
l = K.Lsp4 / Rx-x = 118
where
K = 1
Column slenderness ratio dividing elastic and inelastic buckling,
2p²E
Cc = = 130.84
Sy
When l £ Cc,
[ 1 - l² / 2Cc² ].Sy
Sc.all = (i) = 74.62 N/mm²
5/3 + 3l /8Cc - l³/8Cc³
When Cc £ l £ 120,
12p²E
Sc.all = (ii) = 77.12 N/mm²
23 l²
When 120 £ l £ 200,
Smaller of (i) or (ii)
Sc.all = = 73.93 N/mm²
1.6 - l/200
In this case, the allowable stress Sc.all is = 74.62 N/mm²

Since P3 < Sc.all, the support leg at inner deck R3 is satisfactory.

11 .8 STRESSES SUMMARY

Actual Allowable
Leg at radius No. of leg stress, stress, RESULT
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
4267.00 5.00 25.18 75.08 OK
8839.00 10.00 24.70 75.08 OK
13716.00 15.00 21.59 75.08 OK
18541.00 22.00 31.33 74.62 OK
 BLEEDER VENT CALCULATION
12 .0 DESIGN OF AIR VENTING SYSTEM
12 .1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Design Code : API STD 2000
Inside diameter, Di = 39000 mm
Tank height, H = 20700 mm
Nominal Capacity 24000 m³
Design pressure, Pi = 2.50 mbarg
Flash point (FP)/Normal boiling point (NBP) (@ FP ) = 67 °C
Filling rate ( Pumping in/Flow rate to tank ), Vi = 427 m³/hr
Emptying rate ( Pumping out/Flow rate from tank ), Vo = 1,100 m³/hr

OPERATING VENTING
12 .2 NORMAL VACUUM VENTING
12 .2.1 Maximum liquid movement out of a tank
Flow rate of free air, Vv1 ( = Vo/15.9 x 15.89 ) = 1097.23 m³/hr

12 .2.2 Thermal inbreathing

Tank capacity, V = 155,535 barrels
From Table 2, column 2 (Thermal Venting Capacity Req't ),
Flow rate of free air,Vv2 (@ 0 ft³/hr ) = 0 m³/hr

Total vacuum flow required, Vv ( = Vv1 + Vv2 ) = 1,097 m³/hr

12 .3 NORMAL PRESSURE VENTING

12 .3.1 Maximum liquid movement into a tank
Rate of free air per 0.159m³/hr of product import rate, m = 0.17 m³/hr
Flow rate of free air, Vp1 ( = Vi/0.159 x m ) = 457 m³/hr

12 .3.2 Thermal outbreathing

From Table 2, column 3 (Thermal Venting Capacity Req't),
Flow rate of free air,Vp2 (@ 0 ft³/hr ) = 0 m³/hr

Total pressure flow required, Vp ( = Vp1 + Vp2 ) = 457 m³/hr

OPEN VENT SIZING ( BLEEDER VENT SIZING )

12 .4 OPEN VENT SIZING CALCULATION
Maximum flow, Q ( @ Vacuum flow at ( @ 2.50 mbarg. ) = 1,097 m³/hr

Q= K. A. 2. g. H
where
K= Discharge coefficient 0.62
A= cross sectional area of vent
g= acceleration due to gravity
H= Head as measure pressure differential
Dp
H= = 21 m
g

Minimum require cross sectional area of vent,

Q Q g = 0.0241 m²
Av_req = =
K. 2. g. H K 2. g. Dp = 24,124 mm²
where
Q= Max. Air flow required = 0.3048 mm³/s
g = Specific weight of Air = r g = 11.812 kg/m2s2
r = Air density = 1.204 kg/m³
Dp = Differential pressure = 250 N/m²

12 .5 BLEEDER VENT SELECTED

Selected bleeder vent size : 8" Sch Std
Number of vent, N = 1
Outside diameter of the vent, do 219
Inside Dia. of one vent , di( @ vent pipe thickness = 8.18 mm ) = 202.64 mm
Total cross sectional area of vents, Av_actual = 32,251 mm²
Since Av_actual > Ar_gnv, therefore the nos. & size of vents is satisfactory.
 ROOF DRAIN DESIGN

Rigid Pipe

1275 Flexible pipe

225
Rigid Pipe
13 .1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Tank Nominal Diameter = 39,000 mm
Tank Height, = 20,100 mm
Roof lowest height, H = 1500 mm
Drain outlet nozzle elevation, z = 225 mm
Roof Deck Area = 920.30 m2

Design Rain Fall = 50 mm/hr

Design drainage required, Qreq. = 46.01 m3/ hr

No. of Roof Drain, N = 2

Roof drain pipe size (rigid & fitting) = 4" Sch 80
Dain Pipe Outside Diameter, Do = 101.6 mm
Drain pipe thickness = 8.56 mm

Drain Pipe length :

L1 = Rigid 20 m x 2 nos. = 40 m
L2 = Flexible 23.14 m x 1 nos. = 23.14 m

13 .2 Number of Fitting & Accessories per drain pipe

- 45º elbow N45º = 2
- 90º elbow N90º = 1
- Valve Nv = 1
- Rigid pipe = 2
- Flexible pipe = 1

13 .3 TOTAL HEAD

V2
H = h+
2g
13 .4 TOTAL HEAD LOSS OF ROOF DRAIN PIPE

V2 K L'
h= x
2g D

Where
H = Total head between the lowest position of deck and the = 1.275 m
roof drain nozzle
G = Gravity acceleration
K = Friction Coefficient
- For rigid pipe : K1 = 0.0168
- For flexible pipe : K2 = 0.03
L' = Total equivalent length of drain pipe
D = Inside Diameter of drain pipe = 0.08448 m

13 .5 EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTH OF VALVE AND FITTING

Accordance to NFPA 15 Table 8.5.2.1,
Equivalent length for 4" 45º elbow, L45º = 3.1
90º elbow, L90º = 1.2
Valve, Lv = 0.6

Total equivalent pipe length for RIGID PIPE:

L1' = L1 + N45º x L45º + N90º x L90º + Nv x Lv = 48 m

Total equivalent pipe length for Flexible PIPE:

L2' = L2 = 23.14 m

13 .6 TOTAL HEAD LOSS OF ROOF DRAIN PIPE

V2 K1 L1' K2 L2'
h = 2g x D
+
D

H=
V2 K1 L1' K2 L2'
H= + + 1
2g D D

13 .7 FLOW VELOCITY
2gH
V= K1 L1' K2 L2' = 1.15 m/s
+ + 1
D D

13 .8 DRAINAGE FLOW RATE PER DRAIN PIPE

Q = AREA x Velocity
= p/4 x D2 x V x 3600 (s/hr) = 23.30 m3 / hr

13 .9 MINIMUM ROOF DRAIN REQUIRED

Drainage flow rate required
Nreq = = 1.97
Actual flow rate per drain

MINIMUM REQUIRED = 2
 Page

WEIGHT ANALYSIS

ITEM NO : 7061T-3901

1 GENERAL
Design Type of roof support : Type of roof
code : API 650 11th Edition NA : Cone-roof
Inside Tank height
diameter : 23,000 mm : 16,000 mm
Steel density Roof plates lapping Annular/Bottom plates lapping
Shell / Btm : 7,850 kg/m³ factor : 15.25 factor : 1
Roof : 8,027 kg/m³
2 SHELL COURSES

ONE - FOOT METHOD (OUTER TANK) Y

Course No. Material Thickness Width Weight
(mm) (mm) (kg)
1 ASTM A36 12.00 2,500 17,025
2 ASTM A36 12.00 2,500 17,025
3 ASTM A36 10.00 2,500 14,187
4 ASTM A36 8.00 2,500 11,348
5 ASTM A36 8.00 2,000 9,079
6 ASTM A36 8.00 2,000 9,079
7 ASTM A36 11.00 2,000 12,485
8 - 11.00 2,020 -
9 - 11.00 -2,770 -
10 - - - -

Total weight of shell plates = 90,227 kg

3 BOTTOM PLATES Y
Material Thickness Outside Dia. Weight
(mm) (mm) (kg)
ASTM A36 10.00 23,130 32,985 = 32,985 kg

4 TOP CURB ANGLE Y

Material Size Qty Length Unit Weight Weight
(mm) (kg/m) (kg)
ASTM A36 76 x 76 x 6.4 1 72,543 10.33 749 = 749 kg

5 TOP WIND GIRDERS Y

Material Size Qty Length Unit Weight Weight
(mm) (kg/m) (kg)
ASTM A36 T 825 x 250 x 8 x 10 1 74,899 83.74 6,272 = 6,272 kg

6 INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS Y

Material Size Qty Length Unit Weight Weight
(mm) (kg/m) (kg)
ASTM A36 T 405 x 150 1 74,192 49.99 3,709 = 3,709 kg

7 NOZZLES Y
Total weight of nozzles 1,500 = 1,500 kg

8 MISCELLANEOUS Y
Assuming 5.00 % of total weight 6,772 = 6,772 kg

9 STAIRWAY & PERIMETER PLATFORM Y

Platform Weight 165.00 KN 16,820 = 16,820 kg

10 OPERATING LIQUID WEIGHT

Operating liquid height (@ = 15,250 mm & sg @= 1.05 ) = 6,652,804 kg

11 HYDROSTATIC WATER WEIGHT

Hydrostatic water height (@ 16,000 mm ) = 6,647,610 kg

ERECTION WEIGHT (Exclude roof) = 159,034 kg

OPERATING WEIGHT = 6,811,837 kg
FIELD HYDROSTATIC TEST WEIGHT = 6,806,644 kg

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