Communication

Processes,
Principles, and
Ethics
 At the end of the lesson you are expected to:

• increase knowledge in communication, its

processes and principles hence become

Outcomes more skillful communicators;

• heighten awareness on communication
ethics resulting conscientious and
respectful interactions; and
• apply the gained knowledge through class
exercises
 “If you can communicate, you
Sabi can get by.
But if you can communicate
nga… skillfully, you can work miracles.”
-- Jim Rohn
 • Man can not communicate.
• Communication is very powerful.
• Everything created by the great
True or Creator is incessantly engaged in
various forms of communication.

False? • We are always engaged in almost all

sorts of communication.
• Communication is something
continuous and may not have a
definite end.
 • Is a human act of sending (verbal or
nonverbal; online of offline) and
receiving of messages where
interpretations are normally constructed
in the process.

What is • Is a process whereby people create and

Communication? transmit meaning through the exchange
of verbal and nonverbal messages in
particular context (Oetzel, 2009:11).

• A natural activity of people

 is an intentional
communication
that happens
within the
bounds of
specific
contexts.

What is purposive
communication?
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 Settings or environment – family, school,
workplace, religious communities

Social relationships – friends, husband and

wife, parent child, colleagues/boss-subordinate
Context in the office

includes: Scenes which include place, time and occasion

– business meeting, job interview, social
gathering – parties, weddings, etc.)
Culture – history, tradition, beliefs, norms,
values
 Elements of
Communication
Elements of Communication
1. Sender – source of idea (from WHOM)
2. Message - the idea being communicated
(WHAT)
3. Channels – the medium (HOW)
4. Receiver – where the message is going (to
WHOM)
5. Feedback – the response of the receiver
6. Noise – the barrier in the communication
process
 • The source of idea
• Must be able to use the language
that the receiver understands.
• Correct grammar
Sender • Phonetics
• Choice of words or jargons for an
appropriate audience
• Sentence construction
• Discourse competence
 • Delivery
• Good voice projection
• Use of appropriate eye contact
• Proper articulation of words
Sender and emphasis on important
words

“It’s not always what you say but

how you say it.”
--
sabi nga
 • Involves those verbal and non-
verbal behaviors, enacted by
communicators, that are
interpreted with meaning by
Message others.
 • Involves those verbal and non-
verbal behaviors, enacted by
communicators, that are
interpreted with meaning by
Message others.
 The FIVE C’s in communication:
1. Courtesy
2. Clarity
3. Conciseness
Message 4.
5.
Concreteness
Completeness
 Courtesy also known as politeness.
Ways to demonstrate courtesy:
• using polite words and tone to show respect
to the receiver of the message.
• applying tact and diplomacy
1. Courtesy • developing the “WE” attitude using positive
words instead of negative
• being considerate of the feelings of the
receiver
• selecting gender-free terms
• responding promptly to important messages
 Clarity may involve correct word usage,
grammar, pronunciation, sentence
construction and delivery.

2. Clarity Messages which are unclear oftentimes do

not achieve their desired effect.
 Conciseness is saying what needs to be said in
as few words as possible. Avoid flowery
words.

3. Conciseness Remember:
“Our goal is to communicate and not to
impress.”
-- yari ka
 Concreteness. This refers to being specific.
4. Concreteness - providing example when necessary
makes a message more comprehensible.
 Completeness. To avoid ambiguity, messages
should not leave out important details that a
receiver expects to know.
5. Completeness
Answer:
What, Who, When, Where, Why and How
 The choice of channel may
depend on the availability,
practicality, and its impact on the
receiver.
Channels:
Channels • Telephone
• Radio
• Television
• Printed texts (books, newspapers,
magazines, journals, posters, etc.)
• Communication technologies (smart phones,
tablets, computers)
 • Must have good listening and
comprehension skills
• Eliminate all possible distractions
or noises
Receiver • Types of noise (physical, environmental,
psychological, emotional)
• Sharpness of cognition through
continuous studies and acquisition
of information and knowledge
 • The return process in
communication in which the
sender and receiver give both
verbal and nonverbal signals to
Feedback show whether the message is
understood or not.
 • Refers to anything that interferes
with the communication process.
Noise is considered a barrier to
communication.
Noise
 Types of
Communication
Types of
Communication
• Verbal Communication – is
sending a message through
spoken language that is
understood by both sender and
receiver of the message.
Types of
Communication
• Written Communication – is
sending a message by the use of
symbols that are understood by
both the sender and receiver of
the message.
Types of
Communication
• Nonverbal
Communication – can be
used to send a message.
Examples are eye contact,
gestures, body
movements, facial
expressions, silence and
the like.
Types of
Communication
• Computer-based
Communication – is the
exchange of information
using computers
Types of
Communication
• Audio Communication – is a type
of communication uses audio or
sound to convey information.
Types of
Communication
• Audio/Visual Communication –
is a type of communication refers
to the combination of audio and
visual content with the purpose
of transmitting certain
information to an audience.
 Means of
Communication
Means of
Communication
• Postal Communication – This
type of communication enables
people to send messages through
written letters and the like.
Means of
Communication
• Telecommunication – Refers to
the exchange of information over
a significant distance with the use
of electronic devices.
Means of
Communication
• Mass Communication – Refers to
transmitting messages to a large
audience through various media
outlets and platforms.
 Communication is a interaction situation
wherein the participants are effected by
each one’s behavior.

One does communicate.

Principles of
Communication The message received is not necessarily
the message sent.

Communication occurs simultaneously at

more than one level.
 Honesty

Openness to other views

Key Principles
Commitment
of Ethics in
Communication
Respect

Golden rule
Questions?
Journal
Entry # 2