Adhesive Testing Method

Pressure sensitive labeling of terminally sterilized medical
device packaging:
“Testing label materials for adhesion and durability over time”

Presented by:
Dave Olson - Advanced Web
Minneapolis, MN
March 2-4, 2010
www.healthpack.net
Presentation Overview
• The Requirements
• The Issues
• Adhesion and Adhesives 101
• Printing on the Label Stock
• Printing Tests
• Adhesive Tests
• Industry Practices
• Questions on the ‘Nuts & Bolts’ of Label Systems
What the FDA requires……
Quality System Regulations, CFR 21, Part 820,

Subpart K. “Label Integrity”.
“Labels shall be printed and applied so as to remain

legible and affixed during the customary conditions of
processing, storage, handling, distribution, and where
appropriate, use”
Some unique issues with medical device
package labeling:
• Government agencies are very interested in how your packages

are labeled and tested
• Numerous substrates that need to be adhered to
• Demand printing of label sets requires that one adhesive work for
all substrates.
• Harsh sterilization and transportation environments for terminally
sterilized products
• Detailed qualification and validation records required by folks
mentioned in bullet point #1
Adhesives 101
Ad·he·sion (n): is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials. The
strength of the attraction is determined by the surface energy of the material.
. the surface energy the more attraction. The unit of measure is dynes.
The higher
Image Source: 3M Converter Markets Guide, pages 4-5, copyright 3M 2008

Fundamental adhesive properties
Pressure sensitive adhesives
Tack or ‘quick stick’ – the property that controls the instant
formation of a bond when the adhesive and substrate are brought
into contact.

Shear – Pull directed across the adhesive, forcing the substrates

to slide over each other.

Peel – The force concentrated along a thin line at the edge of

the bond, typically where one substrate is flexible.

Peel, tack, and shear balance
PEEL
SHEAR
TACK
Printing on label stocks
• Flexographic water based ink is the standard for the majority of label
printers. Additives can be mixed in for better film adhesion, increased
temperature resistance, various catalyzers, or fade resistant pigments.
• Varnish, either water based or UV cured, can be added for protection

and abrasion resistance.
• Thermal transfer ribbons are typically used to demand print

manufacturing data at the device manufacturer. Wax or wax/resin for
paper and typically pure resin for films.
• Standard laser toner is used for demand printing laser sheets.

Testing the printed package label
(Time to play with the sample packet!)
Ink, thermal transfer ribbon, and laser toner

adhesion to label facestocks
ASTM F2252 – The Tape Test

• Cover the printed area to be tested
• Apply with a smooth even motion
• Hold label with one hand and peel at a 120-150 degree angle
• Peel with an even, moderate motion at 12-18” per second
• Inspect both tape and label for adhesive transfer
ASTM D5264 The Sutherland Rub Test
Used to determine the abrasion resistance of inks,

coatings, and other printing.
• Dry rub
• Wet smear
• Wet rub
• Functional rub
Testing the adhesive bond
Tack or ‘quick stick’ is measured with a
loop tack tester.
A loop of label stock one inch

wide is applied to the substrate
and then immediately
removed.
Parameters are below
Contact Area: 1 inch Square
Delamination Speed: 12 inches/ min
Dwell Time: “0” minutes
Temperature: 23 degrees C
Humidity: 50% RH
Shear test
2 from
Measures cohesion, or ability of vertical
the adhesive to resist
Glass or Steel
movement under a force. plate
0.5 Adhesive contact

Test Area: 0.5 inches X 1.0 inches in.
area
Load: 1.0 Kg
Test
Dwell Time: 20 minutes Specimen
(width 1 inch)
Temperature: 23 degrees C
Humidity: 50% RH
X kg
Peel testing
Measures the strength of the adhesive
bond with applied pressure
PSA Label
Bond strength increasing over time
dwell time: peel strength in lb / in:
10 min 0.71
30 min 0.81
1h 0.94
3h 0.97
24 h 1.42
Label testing in the industry
The Labeling Task Group of the IOPP Medical Device
Technical Committee did a survey early last year.
24 companies ranging from startups to Fortune 500’s
responded. Results are posted on the web site.
Results synopsis and feedback:

• 80% of respondents formally evaluate label stock for acceptable
performance throughout the supply chain
• The same 80% have this process described in a formal test
protocol.
• 60% perform a smudge or abrasion test on the printed text
• 60% test for specific performance or attributes based upon field
experience or known risk areas
Survey results continued…………
• Conditioning criteria – 86% use ASTM 4169 Distribution simulation, 28%
use ISTA distribution simulation practices, 93% use ASTM F1980-
Accelerated Aging, 7% use unspecified TAPPI criteria
• 28% control for humidity and perform a freeze/thaw cycle
• Evaluation of label samples - 47% pre sterilization, 73% post sterilization,

87% post distribution, and 13% after several pre defined conditioning
events. 27% evaluate at more than one milestone.
• 67% determine sample size by statistical methods.
• 33% determine sample size by fixed sample size, eg n=30
• 90% have a simple visual inspection for legibility
• 13% require delamination or fracture/tearing of the face stock as part of

the adhesive evaluation.
Conclusions and recommendations
FDA, EU, and ISO offer a general requirement for terminally

sterilized device labeling but not many specifics
• Label testing seems to be a bit hit and miss, with no ‘official’

guidance or accepted standard
• Companies have developed their protocols based on a

cafeteria type choice of test methods and procedures
• Most protocols are practical and based upon experience with

the device manufacturers particular product
Thank you
Select graphics provided by 3M Converter Products Division
Select illustrations and technical data provided by Green Bay Packaging
Other information heisted, manipulated, and regurgitated from a number of

sources, within as well as outside of the public domain.
Dave Olson
VP-Technical Sales | Advanced Web
600 Hoover Street NE, Suite 500
Minneapolis, MN 55413
Phone: 612.706.3742
Email: [email protected]
Follow the blog: “Ask Dr.O”
http://awblogger.wordpress.com/

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Pressure sensitive labeling of terminally sterilized medical

“Testing label materials for adhesion and durability over time”

Quality System Regulations, CFR 21, Part 820,

“Labels shall be printed and applied so as to remain

• Government agencies are very interested in how your packages

Image Source: 3M Converter Markets Guide, pages 4-5, copyright 3M 2008

Image Source: 3M Converter Markets Guide, pages 4-5, copyright 3M 2008

Shear – Pull directed across the adhesive, forcing the substrates

Image Source: 3M Converter Markets Guide, pages 4-5, copyright 3M 2008

Peel – The force concentrated along a thin line at the edge of

Image Source: 3M Converter Markets Guide, pages 4-5, copyright 3M 2008

Peel, tack, and shear balance

• Varnish, either water based or UV cured, can be added for protection

• Thermal transfer ribbons are typically used to demand print

• Standard laser toner is used for demand printing laser sheets.

Ink, thermal transfer ribbon, and laser toner

ASTM F2252 – The Tape Test

Used to determine the abrasion resistance of inks,

A loop of label stock one inch

Parameters are below

Contact Area: 1 inch Square

Delamination Speed: 12 inches/ min

Dwell Time: “0” minutes

0.5 Adhesive contact

dwell time: peel strength in lb / in:

Results synopsis and feedback:

• 28% control for humidity and perform a freeze/thaw cycle

• Evaluation of label samples - 47% pre sterilization, 73% post sterilization,

• 67% determine sample size by statistical methods.

• 33% determine sample size by fixed sample size, eg n=30

• 90% have a simple visual inspection for legibility

• 13% require delamination or fracture/tearing of the face stock as part of

FDA, EU, and ISO offer a general requirement for terminally

• Label testing seems to be a bit hit and miss, with no ‘official’

• Companies have developed their protocols based on a

• Most protocols are practical and based upon experience with

Select illustrations and technical data provided by Green Bay Packaging

Other information heisted, manipulated, and regurgitated from a number of

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