A Report on

Structural Design
Of
Residential Building (Mrs. Nani Maya Maharjan)
Godawari Municipality, Nepal

Date: February, 2018

i
Contents
1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
2. Description of the Building...........................................................................................................................1
3. Construction Site.........................................................................................................................................1
4. Dimension of Structural Members...............................................................................................................1
5. Material.......................................................................................................................................................2
6. Modeling......................................................................................................................................................2
7. Loads...........................................................................................................................................................2
a). Dead Loads............................................................................................................................................2
b). Live loads................................................................................................................................................2
c). Seismic Loads..........................................................................................................................................3
8. Load Cases...................................................................................................................................................4
9. Load Combination........................................................................................................................................4
10. Relevant Codes followed..........................................................................................................................4
11. Analysis and Design...................................................................................................................................5
a). Analysis...................................................................................................................................................5
b). Design & Detailing..................................................................................................................................7
c). Design Results.........................................................................................................................................7
12. Storey Drift & Maximum Deflection.........................................................................................................15
13. Foundation Design:..................................................................................................................................16
14. Design of Slab...........................................................................................................................................19
15. Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................20
16. References..............................................................................................................................................20

ii
1. Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to building a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost,
durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. The construction of any building
consists of three phases; a) Design b) Drawing with proper detailing and c) Construction as per
drawing and details. The design of structure consists of two parts. I) Analysis and ii) Design. At
first the preliminary size of various member for specific structure are fixed and the analysis is
carried out. With the result obtained from analysis, necessary design is carried out.

2. Description of the Building

1.1. Type of Building : Residential Building
1.2. Building Structure : Framed structure
1.3. Number of stories : 2 & 1/2
1.4. Storey Height : 9’-4”
1.5. Height of Parapet Wall : 1000 mm
1.6. Total Height of Building : 8.54 m (28’)
1.7. External Wall : Normal Brick 230mm & 115mm
1.8 Internal Wall : Normal Brick 230 & 115mm
1.9 Plaster : 12 mm

3. Construction Site
Location Godawari Municipality
Soil Type Medium (Type II)
Allowable Bear Capacity Assumed 150.0 KN/m2

4. Dimension of Structural Members

Slab Thickness 125 mm
Footing Strap
Tie beam 230 mm x 300 mm
Main Beam Size 230 mm x 400 mm
Secondary Beam size 230 mm x 300 mm
Column Size 300 mm x 300 mm

1
5. Material
Grade of Concrete : M20
Grade of Reinforcement : TMT (FE 500).
Unit weight (Concrete) = 25 KN/m3
Unit weight (Masonry wall) = 19.0 KN/m3

6. Modeling
Building is modeled as special moment resisting frame with the standard software SAP2000 V 14.
Beam & columns are modeled as line element while slab are modeled as area element.

For the purpose of analysis, following material properties are assumed for concrete:

Grade of Concrete = M20

Grade of Steel = Fe500

Unit weight (Concrete) = 25 kN/m3

Young’s Modulus of Elasticity (Concrete) = 5000 √fck

Poisson’s Ratio (Concrete) = 0.2

Unit weight (Masonry wall) = 19.0 KN/m3

7. Loads
a). Dead Loads
Slab / Beam / Column = Program Calculated by unit wt. given (25 kN/m3)

Brick Masonry (Unit Wt.) = 19.0 KN/m3

Floor Finish = 0.8 KN/m2

Partition & internal walls = 0.5 KN/m2

b). Live loads

Shop/Hall = 4 KN/m2

Stairs = 3 KN/m2

Rooms = 2 KN/m2

` Roof (with Access) = 1.5 KN/m2

2
c). Seismic Loads
Earthquake analysis has been done using Seismic Coefficient method. According to this method
base shear is calculated using the formula given in IS1893:2002, which is as, follows:

V = Cd W

Design seismic coefficient is given by:

Cd = CZIK

Height of the building (H) =8.54 m, L= 13.13m, B= 7.39m

Time Period (T) = 0.09H/ √d

Tx = 0.2121 sec & Ty = 0.2827 sec

Basic Seismic coefficient (C) = 0.08 (Assuming Subsoil 2) for Tx

(C) = 0.08 (Assuming Subsoil 2) for Ty

Zone Factor (Z) = 1 (Kathmandu Valley Towns)

Importance Factor (I) = 1.00

Structural Performance Factor (K) = 1.0

Design horizontal seismic

Force coefficient, (Cd) = CZIK = 0.08 along x direction

= 0.08 along y direction

Table- Seismic Load Calculation

Weight Seismic weight

Load Case
(KN) (KN)
DEAD 1553.964 1553.964
WALL 911.205 911.205
PARTITION 47.807 47.807
PARAPETT 107.358 107.358
FLOORFINISH 218.872 218.872
STAIRDEAD 33.068 33.068
STAIRLIVE 22.47 5.6175
LIVE 1 247.117 61.77925
LIVE2 208.047 0
Total 3349.908 2939.67075

3
Total Seismic Weight (W) = 3349.908KN

Base shear (Cd) = 235.174 along x direction (taken from Sap)

= 235.174 along y direction (taken from Sap)

= 2939.67075*0.08=235.1737 along x direction (Manual

calculation)

= 2939.67075*0.08=235.1737 along y direction (Manual

calculation)

8. Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS456-2000 and NBC
105.

1. Dead Load (DL): It includes self-weight, Floor Finish, Partition wall, Wall load.

2. Live load (LL)

3. Seismic Load (Ex & Ey): For Earthquake Load, 100% of Dead Load and 50% & 25% of Live Load
is taken into account. Seismic Coefficient method using NBC 105 is
applied directly through software (SAP 2000 V 14) for Earthquake
analysis of the structure.

9. Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105.

1. 1.5DL + 1.5LL

2. (DL +1.3 LL ± 1.25EQ)

3. 0.9DL ±1.25 EQ

10. Relevant Codes followed

a. IS 456: 2000 : For Design of Structural Elements

b. SP 16 : Design Aid

c. SP 34 and IS 13920:1993 : For Detailing

d. NBC 105 : For Lateral Loading

e. IS 875 part I : For Dead Load

f. IS 875 part II : For Live Load

4
11. Analysis and Design
a). Analysis
A three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out using the standard software SAP
2000 V14 .Seismic coefficient method was used to determine the earthquake load. The Structure is
assumed to be fixed at the plinth level. The brick wall is considered as the filler wall only. The
beams are modeled as rectangular beams. Center to center dimension of the structure has been
considered. The rigid end effect has also been considered in the analysis.

3D Model

5
Deformed Shape for Load Case Dead

Moment Diagram for combo 4

6
 Shear Force Diagram for combo 4

b). Design & Detailing

The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method. For the design
of the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used extensively.
Footings have been designed for vertical loads developed at the base due to dead load and live
load only. Isolated/Strip/ Raft footings have been adopted for ground load transfer. Longitudinal
reinforcement in columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among the load
combinations adopted. A symmetric arrangement of the reinforcement has been adopted from
seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur. Longitudinal reinforcement in beams is also
based on critical load combination. It is calculated from the envelope of bending moment diagram.
Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility principle. IS 13920 -1993
have been used for this purpose.
The Reinforcement detailing of all the important structural components have been shown on the
drawing. They conform to the relevant sections of the IS 456:1975, NBC 105:1994, IS 13920:1993, SP:
16, and SP 34:1987

c). Design Results

Sample Design

Beam & Slab Design Result from SAP 2000: Size of Column= 300mm x300mm, Size of
Beam= 230x400

7
Design output for Grid 1-1 in mm2

Design output for Grid 2-2 in mm2

8
Design output for Grid 3-3 in mm2

Design output for Grid 4-4 in mm2

9
Design output for Grid A-A in mm2

Design output for Grid B-B in mm2

10
Design output for Grid C-C in mm2

Design output for Grid D-D in mm2

11
 Design output for Grid E-E in mm2

Design output for First Floor Beam in mm2

12
Design output for Second Floor Beam in mm2

Design output for Top Floor Beam in mm2

13
Typical Detail Calculation of Beam A/1-2 of First Floor

Typical Detail Calculation of Column A-1 of Ground Floor

14
12. Storey Drift & Maximum Deflection

The maximum allowable storey drift as per IS1893:200 (C.I 7.11.1) =0.004H (H= Storey Ht.= 2.84m)
= 0.004x 2.84
= 0.01136m
The maximum inter storey drift obtained from SAP 2000= 0.0013 m < 0.01136m

The maximum deflection obtained from SAP= 5.9309mm< 0.004H

< 0.004 X 8.54 m
< 34.16mm

15
13. Foundation Design:
Design of Strap Foundation

Allowable Bearing Capacity=150 KN/m2

Design of Strap Foundation has been done through SAFE V12.2.0

Summary of Strap foundation (SF2)
Size of Beam=400mm x 600mm
Top bar= 7 nos 16ɸ bar throughout
Bottom bar= 3-16 ɸ bar throughout
Stirrups= 2 legged 8ɸ bar @ 125mm c/c
Thickness of slab= 350 mm
Rebar in slab= 12ɸ bar @ 150mm c/c both ways

Load Diagram

16
 Stress Distribution of Footing Slab

Moment Diagram of beam of Strap foundation

Shear Force Diagram of beam of Strap foundation

17
Reinforcement values of beam of Strap foundation from SAFE analysis.

18
14. Design of Slab
Slab thickness= 125mm, Rebar=8ɸ @150 mmc/c both ways

Design Table

19
 Moment Coeffi cient

Ast provided
Minim steel
L-bar Dia.

provided

Mu/bd2
Spacing
Neg short

Pos. short

Neg. long

Pos. long

required

R-bar
short

Ly/Lx
Load

long

Ast
fck
ID Mu pt

depth

D
b

N/mm2

mm/m
KN/ KN.m/

mm2
mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm
m m mm

N-
%
m2 m
Two 9.823 Neg short 1000 125 20 227 8 132 221 150 0.3 0.81 335
Adjacent 7.367 Pos. short 1000 125 20 168 8 132 299 150 0.3 0.61 335
S1 7.3 3.86 4.64 1.2 0.06 0.045 0.047 0.04 52.8
Edges 7.694 Neg. long 1000 125 20 176 8 132 286 150 0.3 0.64 335
Discontinu 5.73 Pos. long 1000 125 20 130 8 132 381 150 0.3 0.47 335
Two 8.982 Neg short 1000 125 20 207 8 132 243 150 0.3 0.74 335
Adjacent 6.764 Pos. short 1000 125 20 154 8 132 327 150 0.3 0.56 335
S2 7.3 3.53 4.64 1.31 0.066 0.049 0.047 0.04 48.3
Edges 6.435 Neg. long 1000 125 20 146 8 132 344 150 0.3 0.53 335
Discontinu 4.792 Pos. long 1000 125 20 108 8 132 381 150 0.3 0.4 335
One Short 5.522 Neg short 1000 125 20 125 8 132 381 150 0.3 0.46 335
Edge 4.136 Pos. short 1000 125 20 93 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.34 402
S3 7.3 3.27 3.86 1.18 0.047 0.035 0.037 0.03 39.7
Discontinu 4.347 Neg. long 1000 125 20 97 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.36 402
ous 3.29 Pos. long 1000 125 20 73 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.27 402
One Long 7.886 Neg short 1000 125 20 181 8 132 278 125 0.37 0.65 402
Edge 6.065 Pos. short 1000 125 20 137 8 132 366 125 0.37 0.5 402
S4 7.3 3.53 4.64 1.31 0.058 0.044 0.037 0.03 42.8
Discontinu 5.066 Neg. long 1000 125 20 114 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.42 402
ous 3.834 Pos. long 1000 125 20 86 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.32 402
Two 6.472 Neg short 1000 125 20 147 8 132 342 125 0.37 0.53 402
Adjacent 4.867 Pos. short 1000 125 20 109 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.4 402
S5 7.3 3.07 3.83 1.25 0.063 0.047 0.047 0.04 42
Edges 4.867 Neg. long 1000 125 20 109 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.4 402
Discontinu 3.624 Pos. long 1000 125 20 81 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.3 402
Two 7.092 Neg short 1000 125 20 162 8 132 311 125 0.37 0.59 402
Adjacent 5.34 Pos. short 1000 125 20 120 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.44 402
S6 7.3 3.53 3.83 1.08 0.052 0.039 0.047 0.04 48.3
Edges 6.435 Neg. long 1000 125 20 146 8 132 344 125 0.37 0.53 402
Discontinu 4.792 Pos. long 1000 125 20 108 8 132 381 125 0.37 0.4 402

15. Conclusion
Given building is analyzed & designed as per the NBC / IS codal provision to ensure the overall
structural safety & serviceability for all the possible load combinations. Max Drift is is within limit
specified by code (i.e. less than 0.004H).
It is strongly recommended to consult the structural engineer prior any change in structural
details; if required during construction phase.

16. References

IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings

and structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

20
IS: 4236 – 1976 Code of Practice for Earthquake resistant Design and Construction of

Buildings
IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic

forces - Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing Jain, A.K. Reinforced

Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and Bros, Roorkee,

1999

21