Maths 1a MLM For 1st Year

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The document provides the content of mathematics exam paper for intermediate public exam including topics, questions and answers.

The topics covered in the mathematics exam include functions, matrices, vectors, trigonometry, transformations, hyperbolic functions and properties of triangles.

The exam paper is divided into three sections - Section A contains Very Short Answer Type Questions, Section B contains Short Answer Type Questions and Section C contains Long Answer Type Questions.

MINIMUM LEARNING MATERIAL

(MLM) FOR (1st YEAR) INTERMEDIATE


PUBLIC EXAMINATION 2020-21

MATHS
1A

www.tmreis.telangana.gov.in
MATHS-IA​ BLUEPRINT (For IPE 2020-21 Only)

S.No TOPIC NAME VSAQ SAQ LAQ TOTAL


(2M) (4M) (7M) MARK
S

1. ​Functions 2 -- 1 11

2. Matrices 2 2 3 33

3. Addition of vectors 2 1 1 15

4. Product of vectors 1 2 2 24

5. Trigonometric ratios upto Transformations 2 2 1 19

6. Hyperbolic Functions 1 1 -- 06

7​. Properties of triangles -- 2 2 22

Total 10 10 10 130
0166
Total No. of Questions - 30 Regd.
Total No. of Printed Pages - 4 No.

Part - III
MATHEMATICS, Paper - IA
(English Version)
MODEL QUESTION PAPER (FOR IPE 2020-21 ONLY)
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 75
Note: This question paper consists of three section A, B and C.
Section - A
Very short answer type questions.
(i) Answer all questions.
(ii) Each question carries 2 marks. 10×2=20

    
1. If A  0, , , ,  and F : AB is a surjection defined by f(x) = cos x, then find
 6 4 3 2
B.

1
2. Find the domain of the real valued function f  x   .
log  2  x 

 2 3 1 1 0 1
3. If A    and B    then find A+B.
7 8 5  2 4 1

 i 0
4. If A    , find A2.
0 i 

5. if a  2i  5 j  k and b  4i  m j  nk are collinear, then find m and n.


6. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2i  3 j  k and parallel
to the vector 4i  2 j  3k .

Turn Over
1
7. If a  i  2 j  3k and b  3i  j  2k then show that a  b and a  b are perpendicular
to each other.
cos 9º  sin 9º
8. Prove that  cot 36º .
cos 9º  sin 9º

9. Find the period of the function defined by f  x   tan  x  4 x  9 x  ......  n 2 x  .

10. 
If sinhx = 3, then show that x  log e 3  10 . 
Section - B
Short answer type questions. 5×4=20
(i) Answer any FIVE questions.
(ii) Each question carries four marks.

1 0 0 1 
11. If I    and E    , then show that (aI + bE)3 = a3I + 3a2bE where ‘I’ is unit
0 1 0 0 
matrix of order 2.

1 2 1 
12. Show that A  3 2 3  is non-singular and find A–1.
1 1 2 

13. Let ABCDEF be regular hexagone with centre O, show that


AB  AC  AD  AE  AF  3AD  6AO .
14. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point a  2i  3 j  k and
perpendicular to the vector 3 i  2 j  2k and the distance of this plane from the origin.

15. If the vectors a  2i  j  k , b  i  2 j  3k and c  3 i  p j  5k are coplanar, then find


‘P’.

16. If A is not an integral multiple of , then prove that
2
(i) tanA + cotA = 2 cosec2A
(ii) cotA – tanA = 2 cot2A
17. Find the range of 7 cos x  24sin x  5 .
cosh x sinh x
18. Prove that   sinh x  coth x for x  0.
1  tanh x 1  coth x

Turn Over
2
A B C s2
19. Prove that cot  cot  cot  .
2 2 2 

a 2 bc A
20. If sin   then show that cos   cos .
b+c b+c 2
Section - C
Long Answer type questions. 5×7=35
(i) Answer any FIVE questions.
(ii) Each question carries seven marks.

21. If f  1, 2  ,  2,  3 ,  3,  1 then find (i) 2f (ii) 2+f (iii) f2 (iv) f

1 2 1 
22. If A  0 1 1 , then find A3 – 3A2 – A – 3I, where I is unit matrix of order 3.
 3 1 1 

23. Solve the following system of equations by Cramer’s rule


x  y  z  1, 2 x  2 y  3 z  6 , x  4 y  9 z  3 .
24. Solve the following system of equations by Matrix Inversion method
2 x  y  3 z  9, x  y  z  6 , x  y  z  2 .

25. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through points 4 i  3 j  k , 3 i  7 j  10k
and 2 i  5 j  7 k and show that the point i  2 j  3k lies in the plane.

26. If a  7 i  2 j  3k , b  2i  8k and c  i  j  k , then compute a  b, a  c and

 
a  b  c . Verify whether the cross product is distributive over vector addition.

27. If [ b c d ] + [ c a d ] + [ a b d] = [ a b c ]. Then show that the points with position


vectors a, b, c and d are coplanar.
28. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
A B C
sinA + sinB – sinC = 4sin sin cos .
2 2 2

A B C
29. If cot : cot : cot  3 : 5 : 7 , then show that a:b:c = 6:5:4.
2 2 2

65 21
30. If a = 13, b = 14, c = 15, show that R  , r  4, r1  , r2  12 and r3 = 14.
8 2

3
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)

FUNCTIONS

VSAQ (2 Marks)

1. If � = { − �, − �, �, �, �} and �: � → � is a surjection defined by � � = �� + � + �, then find B.


Sol: Given �: � → � is a surjection (onto) and � = { − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2}

Also given � � = �2 + � + 1

� −2 = ( − 2)2 + −2 + 1 = 4 − 2 + 1 = 3

� −1 = ( − 1)2 + −1 + 1 = 1 − 1 + 1 = 1

� 0 = (0)2 + 0 + 1 = 1

� 1 = (1)2 + 1 + 1 = 3

� 2 = (2)2 + 2 + 1 = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7

Since �: � → � is a surjection � = {1,3,7}

2. � � � �
If � = {�, � , � , � , � } and �: � → � is a surjection defined by � � = ��� �, then find B.
Sol: Given � � = cos �

Now � 0 = cos 0 = 1

� � 3
� 6
= cos 6 = 2

� � 1
� 4
= cos 4 = 2

� � 1
� 3
= cos 3 = 2

� �
� 2
= cos 2 = 0

Since f is a surjection,

� � =�

3 1 1
⇒ � = {1, 2
, 2
, 2 , 0}

�� − �, �>�
3. If � � = �� − �, −� ≤ � ≤ � then find � � , � �. � , � −� , � −� , � � , � −�
�� + �, � <− �
Sol:
(i) � 4 = 3 4 − 2 = 10
(ii) � 2.5 = ��� �������
(iii) � −2 = (−2)2 − 2 = 2
(iv) � −4 = 2 −4 + 1 =− 8 + 1 =− 7
(v) � 0 = 02 − 2 =− 2
(vi) � −7 = 2 −7 + 1 =− 13

4. If �: � → � and �: � → �are defined by � � = �� − � and � � = �� + �, then find (i) ��� (�)


(ii) ��� (�)
Sol: Given � � = 3� − 1, � � = �2 + 1

(i) ��� � = � � � = � �2 + 1 = 3 �2 + 1 − 1 = 3�2 + 2


(ii) ��� � = � � � = �[3� − 1]
= (3� − 1)2 + 1

= 9�2 + 1 − 6� + 1

= 9�2 − 6� + 2.

5. If � → �: � and � → �: �are defined by � � = �� − � and � � = �� + �, then find

(i) ���(�2 + 1)
(ii)���(2)
(iii) ��� 2� − 3
Sol: Given � � = 3� − 1, � � = �2 + 1

(i) ��� �2 + 1 = �[� �2 + 1 ]


= �[3 �2 + 1 − 1]

= � 3�2 + 2

= 3 3�2 + 2 − 1

= 9�2 + 5.

(ii) ��� 2 = � � 2 = � 22 + 1 = � 5 = 3 5 − 1 = 14

(iii) ��� 2� − 3 = �[� 2� − 3 ]

= �[3 2� − 3 − 1]

= �[6� − 10]

= (6� − 10)2 + 1

= 36�2 − 120� + 101.


6. If � � = �� − �, � � = �� + � then find

(i) ���(�)

�+�
(ii)���( �
)

(iii) ���(�)

Sol: Given � � = 4� − 1, � � = �2 + 2

(i) ��� � = � � �

= � 4� − 1

= (4� − 1)2 + 2

= 16�2 + 1 − 8� + 2

= 16�2 − 8� + 3

�+1 �+1
(ii) ��� 4
= �[� 4
]

�+1
= �[4 4
− 1]

= �(� + 1 − 1)

= �(�)

= �2 + 2.

(iii) ��� � = �[� � ]

= � 4� − 1

= 4 4� − 1

= 16� − 5.

7. �+�
If � � = �−� then find ����� � , ������� �

�+1
Sol: Given � � = �−1

(i) ����� � = ��� � �


�+1
= ��� �−1

�+1
= �[� �−1
]

�+1
+1
= �[ �−1
�+1 ]
−1
�−1

�+1+�−1
= �[ �−1
�+1−�+1 ]
�−1

2�
= �( )
2

= �(�)

�+1
=
�−1

(ii) ������� � = � ����� �

�+1
= �[ ]
�−1

�+1
+1
= �−1
�+1
−1
�−1

�+1+�−1
= �−1
�+1−�+1
�−1

2�
= = �.
2

8. Find the domain of � − ��

Sol: Let � � = 9 − �2

The function � � is defined for 9 − �2 ≥ 0

⇒ −(�2 − 9) ≥ 0

⇒ �2 − 9 ≤ 0

⇒ �2 − 32 ≤ 0
⇒ (� + 3)(� − 3) ≤ 0

⇒ � − −3 [� − 3] ≤ 0

⇒ � ∈ [ − 3, 3]
∵ � − � � − � ≤ 0 ⇒ � ∈ [�, �]

9. Find the domain of the real valued function � � = �� − ��

Sol: Given � � = �2 − 25

The function � � is defined for �2 − 25 ≥ 0

⇒ �+5 �−5 ≥ 0

⇒ � − −5 [� − 5] ≥ 0

⇒ � ∈ � − ( − 5, 5)

10. Find the domain of �� − ��

Sol: Let � � = 4� − �2

The function � � is defined for 4� − �2 ≥ 0

⇒ −(�2 − 4�) ≥ 0

⇒ �2 − 4� ≤ 0

⇒ �(� − 4) ≤ 0

⇒ (� − 0)(� − 4) ≤ 0

⇒ � ∈ [0, 4] ∵ � − � � − � ≤ 0 ⇒ � ∈ [�, �]
11. Find the domain of

�� −� �+�

1
Sol: Let � � = �2 −1 �+3

The function � � is defined for �2 − 1 � + 3 ≠ 0

⇒ (� + 1)(� − 1)(� + 3) ≠ 0
⇒ � ≠− 1 and � ≠ 1 and � ≠− 3

∴ Domain = � − { − 1, 1, − 3}

12. Find the domain of


�+�+ �−�

2+�+ 2−�
Sol: Let � � = �

The function � � is defined for 2 + � ≥ 0 ⇒ � ≥− 2__________(1)

and 2 + � ≥ 0 ⇒ � ≤ 2______(2)

and � ≠ 0_________________(3)

From Equation 1, 2 and 3

� ∈ −2, 2 − {0}

Or � ∈ [ − 2, 0) ∪ 0, 2

MQ

13. Find the domain of


�+�+ �−�

Ans: [-3, 0)∪(0, 3]

14. Find the domain of ��� (�� − �� + �)

Sol: Let � � = log (�2 − 4� + 3)

The function � � is defined for �2 − 4� + 3 > 0

⇒ �−1 �−3 >0 (∵log � is defined for � > 0.)

⇒ � ∈ ( − ∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞)

[ ∵ � − � � − � > 0 ⇒ � ∈ −∞, � ∪ �, ∞ ]
15. Find the Range of

�� −�
(i) �−�

�� −��
(ii) �−�

�2 −4
Sol: (i) Let � � = �−2

The function � � is not defined for � = 2

Hence, Domain = � − {2}

(�+2)(�−2)
Now � � = (�−2)
= (� + 2)

But � 2 = 2 + 2 = 4

i.e., The value of � � is never be 4.

∴ Range = � − {4}

�2−�2
(ii) Let � � = �−�

The function � � is not defined for � = �.

Hence, Domain= � − {�}

(�+�)(�−�)
Now, � � = (�−�)
=�+�

But � � = � + � = 2�

i.e., The value of � � is never be 2�.

∴ Range = � − {2�}.

16. If � = { �, � , �, − � , �, − � } then find

(i) ��

(ii)��

(iii) �+�
(iv) �

Sol: Given � = { 1, 2 , 2, − 3 , 3, − 1 }

(i) Take 2� 1 = 2 � 1 =2 2 =4

2� 2 = 2 � 2 = 2 −3 =− 6

2� 3 = 2 � 3 = 2 −1 =− 2

∴ 2� = { 1, 4 , 2, − 6 , 3, − 2 }

(ii) Take �2 1 = [� 1 ]2 = (2)2 = 4

�2 2 = [� 2 ]2 = (−3)2 = 9

�2 3 = [� 3 ]2 = (−1)2 = 1

∴ �2 = { 1, 4 , 2, 9 , 3, 1 }

(iii) Take 2 + � 1 = 2 + � 1 = 2 + 2 = 4

2 + � 2 = 2 + � 2 = 2 − 3 =− 1

2+� 3 =2+� 3 =2−1= 1

∴ 2 + � = { 1, 4 2, − 1 3, 1 }

(iv) Take �(1) = �(1) = 2

�(2) = �(2) = −3 (Not Valid)

�(3) = �(3) = −1 (Not Valid)

∴ �= 1, 2 .

17. If � = �, � �, � �, − � , � = �, − � �, � �, � then find

(i) � + 4

(ii)��


(iii) �
Sol: Given � = 4, 5 5, 6 6, − 4 , � = 4, − 4 6, 5 8, 5

Here Domain of � ∩ � = {4, 6}

(i) Take � + 4 4 = � 4 + 4 = 5 + 4 = 9

� + 4 5 = � 5 + 4 = 6 + 4 = 10

� + 4 6 = � 6 + 4 =− 4 + 4 = 0

∴ � + 4 = { 4, 9 5, 10 6, 0 }

(ii)Take �� 4 = � 4 � 4 = 5 −4 =− 20

�� 6 = � 6 � 6 = −4 5 =− 20

∴ �� = { 4, − 20 6, − 20 }

� �(4) 5 −5
(iii) Take �
4 =
�(4)
=
−4
=
4

� �(6) −4

6 = =
�(6) 5

� −5 −4
∴ = {(4, )(6, )}
� 4 5

��−�
18. Determine the function � � = �( ��+� ) is even or odd.

�� −1
Sol: Given � � = �( ��+1 )

�−� −1
Take � −� =− �( �−� +1 )

1
−1
��
=− �[ 1 ]
+1
��

1−�� ��−1
=− � =� = �(�)
1+�� ��+1

Clearly � −� = �(�) ⇒ � is an even function.


LAQ (7 Marks)

1. If �: � → �, �: � → � are two bijective functions then prove that ���: � → � is a bijective function.

Sol: Given �: � → � is a bijective

i.e., � is one – one and onto.

Let �1 , �2 ∈ �, such that � �1 = � �2 ⇒ �1 = �2 __________(1)

For � ∈ �, ∃ � ∈ � such that � � = � ___________(2)

Also given �: � → � is bijective

i.e., � is one-one and onto.

Let �1 , �2 ∈ �, such that � �1 = � �2 ⇒ �1 = �2 ________(3)

For � ∈ �, ∃ � ∈ � such that � � = �_________(4)

To Prove ���: � → � is a bijection:

Let �1 , �2 ∈ �, take ��� �1 = ��� �2

⇒�[� �1 = �[� �2 ]

⇒ � �1 = �(�2 ) [∵ From (3) ]

⇒ �1 = �2 [∵ From (1 ) ]

∴ ��� is one – one __________(5)

Let � ∈ �, take � = �(�) [ From (4) ]

= �[� � ] [ From(2) ]

= ���(�)

� = ���(�)

i.e., for � ∈ � then ∃ � ∈ � such that ��� � = �


∴ ��� is onto_________(6)

∴ from (5)&(6) ���: � → � is bijective.

2. If �: � → � is a function and �� , �� are two identity functions then prove that ���� = �� �� = �.

Sol: Given �: � → � is a function.

i.e., for � ∈ �, �(�) ∈ �

also �� : � → � is an identity function.

i.e., for for � ∈ �, �� � = �.

And �� : � → � is also an identity function.

i.e., for � ∈ �, �� � = �

���� = �:

We have �� : � → �, �: � → � ⇒ ���� : � → �

∴ The domains of ���� , � are same _________(1)

Let � ∈ �,

Take ���� � = �[�� � ] [∵�� � = �]

= �(�)

∴ ���� � = �(�)___________(2)

From (1) & (2)


���� = �
�� �� = �:

We have �: � → �, �� : � → � ⇒ �� ��: � → �

∴ The domain of �� ��, f are same._________(3)

Let � ∈ �,
Take �� �� � = �� [� � ] [ ∵ �� � = �]

= �(�)

�� ��(�) = �(�) ___________(4)


�� �� = �
From (3) & (4)

3. If �: � → �, �: � → �, �: � → � then prove that �� ��� = ��� ��

Sol: Since �: � → �, �: � → �, ℎ: � → � such that

���: � → � and ℎ: � → � ⇒ ℎ� ��� : � → �

Also, �: � → � and ℎ��: � → � ⇒ ℎ�� ��: � → �

Hence ℎ� ��� , ℎ�� �� domains are same.

Let � ∈ �,

Take [ℎ� ��� � = ℎ[��� � ]

= ℎ[� � � ]

= (ℎ��)(� � )

= [ ℎ�� ��](�)

∴ ℎ� ��� = ℎ�� ��.

4. Determine whether the function �: � → � is defined by � � = �� + � is a bijection.

Sol: Given that � � = 5� + 4

Let �1 , �2 ∈ �

Take � �1 = �(�2 )

⇒ 5�1 + 4 = 5�2 + 4

⇒ 5�1 = 5�2

⇒ �1 = �2
∴ � �1 = � �2 ⇒ �1 = �2

⇒ � is one – one._________(1)

Let � ∈ �, � � = �

⇒ 5� + 4 = �

⇒ 5� = � − 4

�−4
⇒�= 5
∈�

�−4
Now, � � = 5 5
+4

= �−4+4

=�

∴ � � = � ⇒ � is onto.________(2)

From (1) &(2) � is a bijection.

MQ
��+�
5. If �: � → �defined by � � = �
, verify � � is bijective (or) not.
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)

MATRICES
VSAQ (2 Marks)
� − � �� − � � �
1. If = then find x, y, z and a.
�+� � −� � − �
Sol:

� − 3 2� − 8 5 2
Given that =
�+2 6 −2 � − 4
Equating the corresponding elements, then

x-3=5 ; 2y-8=2 ;z+2=-2 ; 6=a-4

x=5+3 2y=2+8 z=-2-2 a=6+4

x=8 2y=10 z=-4 a=10

y=5
� � � �
2. If A = ,B== and 2X+A=B then find X.
� � � �
Sol:

1 2 3 8
Given that A = ,B=
3 4 7 2

Also given 2x+A = B

⇒ 2x = B-A

3 8 1 2
⇒ 2x = ̶
7 2 3 4

3−1 8−2
⇒ 2x =
7−3 2−4

2 6
⇒ 2x =
4 −2

1 3
⇒x=
2 −1

� � −�
3. Define trace of a matrix and find the trace of � −� �
� � �
Sol: The sum of the elements in the Principal diagonal of a square matrix is called trace of a matrix.

1 3 −5
Let A = 2 −1 5 Then Tr (A) = 1+ (-1) +1 = 1
1 0 1

4. Construct a 3x2 matrix whose elements are given by ��� = � i – 3j
1
Sol: Given that ��� = 2 i – 3j

�11 �12
Take a 3x2 matrix A = �21 �22
�31 �32

1 1 5
Now, �11 = 2 1- 3(1) = 1, �11 =
2
1- 3(2) = 2

1 1 1
�21 = 2 2- 3(1) = 2, �11 = 2 2- 3 (2) = 2

1 1 3
�31 = 2 3 - 3(1) = 0, �32 = 2 3 - 3(2) = 2

5
1 2
1
∴ Required Matrix A = 2
2
3
0 2

� � �
5. If A = , � = � then find ‘k’.
−� �
2 4
Sol: Given that A=
−1 �

�2 = A.A
2 4 2 4
=
−1 � −1 �
2 2 + 4( − 1) 2 4 + 4(�)
=
−1 2 + �( − 1) −1 4 + �(�)
4−4 8 + 4�
=
−2 − � −4 + �2
0 8 + 4� 0 0
Given �2 = 0, Then =
−2 − � −4 + �2 0 0
⇒ 8+4k = 0

⇒ 4k = -8


k = -2
� −�
6. If A = then find � + �� and ���
−� �
2 −4 2 −5
Sol: Given A = then �� =
−5 3 −4 3

2 −4 2 −5
Now (i) � + �� = +
−5 3 −4 3

4 −9
=
−9 6
2 −4 2 −5
(ii) ��� =
−5 3 −4 3

2 2 + ( − 4)( − 4) 2 −5 + ( − 4)(3)
=
−5 2 + 3( − 4) −5 −5 + 3(3)

4 + 16 −10 − 12 20 −22
= =
−10 − 12 25 + 9 −22 34

−� � �
7. Define symmetric Matrix. If A = � � � is a symmetric then find ‘x’.
� � �
Sol: A square Matrix A is said to be a symmetric if �� = �.

Given that A is symmetric so,

�� = �
−1 2 3 −1 2 3
2 5 � = 2 5 6
3 6 7 3 � 7

x= 6

� � �
8. Define skew – symmetric matrix, if −� � −� is skew – symmetric then find ‘x’.
−� � �
Sol: A square matrix A is said to be skew – symmetric if �� =− �

0 2 1
Given A = −2 0 −2 is skew – symmetric, so
−1 � 0
0 −2 −1 0 −2 −1
�� =− � ⇒ 2 0 � = 2 0 2
1 −2 0 1 −� 0
Clearly
x=2

�� �� ��
9. Find the determinant of �� �� ��
�� �� ��
12 22 32 1 4 9
Sol: Let A = 22 32 42 = 4 9 16
32 42 52 9 16 25

det A = 1(225-256) – 4(100 – 144) +9 (64 – 81)

= -31 – 4(-44) +9 (-17)

= -31 + 176 – 153

= 176 – 184 = - 8
� � �
10. If � � � = 45 then find ‘x’.
� −� �
1 0 0
Sol: Given 2 3 4 = 45
5 −6 �

⇒ 1(3x+24) – 0 (2x – 20) + 0 (-12 – 15) = 45

⇒ 3x + 24 = 45 ⇒3x = 21 x=7
� �
11. Find the adjoint and inverse of
� −�
1 2 � �
Sol: Let A = =
3 −5 � �

det A = ǀΑǀ = ad – bc = 1(-5) – 2(3) = -5 – 6 = - 11

� −�
Adj A =
−� �

−5 −2
= =
−3 1

��� �
∴ �−1 =
det �

1 −5 −2
= −11
−3 1

1 5 2
= 11
3 −1

� � �
12. Find the rank of � � �
� � �
1 1 1
Sol: Let A = 1 1 1
1 1 1

det A = ǀΑǀ = 1(1 – 1) – 1 (1 – 1) + 1(1 – 1) =0

1 1
So, take a Sub matrix [�1 ] = and ǀ[�1 ] ǀ = 1 – 1 =0
1 1

Also, Every 2x2 matrix is singular, so


Rank of (A) = 1
� � �
13. Find the rank of −� � �
� � −�
1 2 1
Sol: Let A = −1 0 2
0 1 −1

ǀΑǀ = 1 (0 – 2) – 2(1 – 0) +1 (-1 – 0)


=-2–2–1=-5≠0

ǀΑǀ ≠ 0

So
Rank of (A) = 3
� −� �
14. Find the minors of the elements -1, 3 in the Matrix � −� �
−� � �
2 −1 4
Sol: Given Matrix = 0 −2 5
−3 1 3
0 5
Minor of -1 = = 0+15 = 15
−3 3
2 −1
Minor of 3 = = - 4 + 0 = -4
0 −2

SAQ (4 Marks)

� � �
1. If A = � � � then show that�� − �� − �� = �.
� � �

1 2 2
Sol: Given A = 2 1 2
2 2 1

Now �2 = A x A

1 2 2 1 2 2
= 2 1 2 2 1 2
2 2 1 2 2 1
1+4+4 2+2+4 2+4+2
= 2+2+4 4+1+4 4+2+2
2+4+2 4+2+2 4+4+1
9 8 8
= 8 9 8
8 8 9
9 8 8 1 2 2 1 0 0
LHS = �2 − 4� − 5� = 8 9 8 - 4 2 1 2 - 5 0 1 0
8 8 9 2 2 1 0 0 1

9 8 8 4 8 8 5 0 0
= 8 9 8 - 8 4 8 - 0 5 0
8 8 9 8 8 4 0 0 5
9−4−5 8−8−0 8−8−0
= 8−8−0 9−4−5 8−8−0
8−8−0 8−8−0 9−4−5
0 0 0
= 0 0 0 = 0 = RHS
0 0 0
� −� �
2. If A = � � −� then find �� − ��� − � − ��, where I is unit matrix of order 3.
� −� �
1 −2 1
Sol: Given that A = 0 1 −1
3 −1 1
1 −2 1 1 −2 1
Now, �2 = A x A = 0 1 −1 0 1 −1
3 −1 1 3 −1 1
1 − 0 + 3 −2 − 2 − 1 1 + 2 + 1 4 −5 4
2
� = 0 + 0 − 3 0 + 1 + 1 0 − 1 − 1 = −3 2 −2
3 − 0 + 3 −6 − 1 − 1 3 + 1 + 1 6 −8 5
4 −5 4 1 −2 1
�3 = �2 x A = −3 2 −2 0 1 −1
6 −8 5 3 −1 1
4 − 0 + 12 −8 − 5 − 4 4+5+4
= −3 + 0 − 6 6+2+2 −3 − 2 − 2
6 − 0 + 15 −12 − 8 − 5 6+8+ 5
16 −17 13
= −9 10 −7
21 −25 19

16 −17 13 12 −15 12 1 −2 1 3 0 0
Now �3 − 3�2 − � − 3� = −9 10 −7 − −9 6 −6 _ 0 1 −1 _ 0 3 0
21 −25 19 18 −24 15 3 −1 1 0 0 3
0 0 0
=0 0 0 =0
0 0 0
� � � �
3. If I = ,E= then show that (�� + ��)� = �� � + ��� ��.
� � � �

Sol: Given that

1 0 0 1
I= , E=
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 � 0 0 � � �
�� + �� = � +� = + =
0 1 0 0 0 � 0 0 0 �
� � � � � �
LHS = (�� + ��)3 =
0 � 0 � 0 �
2
=� +0 �� + �� � �
0+0 0 + �2 0 �
3
= �
2
2�� � �
= � +0 �2� + 2�2 � = �3 3�2 �
0 �2 0 � 0+0 0 + �3 0 �3
1 0 0 1
RHS = �3 � + 3�2 �� = �3 + 3�2 �
0 1 0 0
3
= � 0 + 0 3�2 �
0 �3 0 0
3
= � 3�2�
0 �3
∴LHS=RHS.

� ���� � ���� ���� ���� ∅ ���� ���∅


4. If � − ∅ = then show that = �.
� ���� ���� ���� � ���∅ ���∅ ����∅


Sol: Given that � − ∅ = 2

⇒�=2+∅ Sin 90 + � = ����

Cos 90 + � =− ����

���2 � ���� ���� ���2 ∅ ���� ���∅


LHS =
���� ���� ���2 � ���∅ ���∅ ���2 ∅
� � �
���2 ( + ∅) ���( + ∅) ���( + ∅) ���2 ∅ ���� ���∅
2 2 2
= � � �
���( + ∅) ���( + ∅) ���2 ( + ∅) ���∅ ���∅ ���2 ∅
2 2 2

���2 ∅ −���∅���∅ ���2 ∅ ���� ���∅


= 2
−���∅���∅ ��� ∅ ���∅ ���∅ ���2 ∅

���2 ∅���2 ∅ − ���2 ∅���2 ∅ ���∅���3 ∅ − ���3 ∅���∅


=
−���∅���3 ∅ + ���3 ∅���∅ −���2 ∅���2 ∅ + ���2 ∅���2 ∅

0 0
= = 0 = RHS.
0 0

���� ����
5. If � = then prove that��� = �� � = �.
−���� ����
���� ���� ���� −����
Sol: Given � = then �� =
−���� ���� ���� ����

���� ���� ���� −����


��� =
−���� ���� ���� ����

= ���2 � + ���2 � −�������� + ��������


−�������� + �������� ���2 � + ���2 �

1 0
= =I
0 1
���� −���� ���� ����
�� � =
���� ���� −���� ����

= ���2 � + ���2 � �������� − ��������


�������� − �������� ���2 � + ���2�

1 0
= = I.
0 1

∴ ��� = �� � = I.

� � �
6. Show that � = � � � is non-singular and find �−� .
� � �

1 2 1
Sol: Given � = 3 2 3
1 1 2

ΙAΙ = 1(4-3) – 2 (6-3) +1 (3-2)

= 1 - 2(3) + 1

= 1 -6 + 1

= −4 ≠ 0.

∴ A is non-singular.

∴ �−1 exists.

Cofactor matrix =

(4 − 3) (3 − 6) (3 − 2)
Cofactor matrix = (1 − 4) (2 − 1) (2 − 1)
(6 − 2) (3 − 3) (2 − 6)

1 −3 1
= −3 1 1
4 0 −4

Adj A = (Cofactor matrix)�


1 −3 4
Adj A = −3 1 0
1 1 −4

1 −3 4
��� � 1
∴�−1 = ����
=
−4
−3 1 0
1 1 −4

−1 3 −4
−1 1
� = 4 3 −1 0
−1 −1 4

� � �
7. If 3A = � � −� then show that �−� = �ˡ
−� � −�
Sol:

1 2 2
Given 3A = 2 1 −2
−2 2 −1

1
1 2 2
A = 2 1 −2
3
−2 2 −1

1
1 2 −2
�ˡ = 2 1 2
3
2 −2 −1

1
1 2 2 1
1 2 −2
Now ��ˡ = 2 1 −2 2 1 2
3 3
−2 2 −1 2 −2 −1

1+4+4 2+2−4 −2 + 4 − 2
1
= 2+2±4 4+1+4 −4 + 2 + 2
9
−2 + 4 − 2 −4 + 2 + 2 4+4+1

1
9 0 0
= 0 9 0
9
0 0 9

1 0 0
=0 1 0 =I
0 0 1

Similarly, we prove that ��ˡ = I

Hence, ��ˡ = �ˡ� = I , �−1 = �ˡ { AB=BA=I⇒ �−1 = B}


LAQ (7 Marks)

�� �� ��
��� �
1. If A = �� �� �� is a non – singular matrix then Prove that �−� = .
����
�� �� ��
�1 �1 �1
Sol: Given A = �2 �2 �2 is a non – singular matrix ⇒ det A ≠ 0.
�3 �3 �3

Let the cofactors of �1 , �1 , �1 ……………….are �1 , �1 , �1 …………. respectively

�1 �1 �1 �
∴ Adj A = �2 �2 �2
�3 �3 �3

�1 �2 �3
= �1 �2 �3
�1 �2 �3

�1 �1 �1 �1 �2 �3
A (Adj A) = �2 �2 �2 �1 �2 �3
�3 �3 �3 �1 �2 �3

�1 �1 + �1 �1 + �1 �1 �1�2 + �1 �2 + �1 �2 �1 �3 + �1 �3 + �1 �3
= �2 �1 + �2 �1 + �2 �1 �2�2 + �2 �2 + �2 �2 �2 �3 + �2 �3 + �2 �3
�3 �1 + �3 �1 + �3 �1 �3�2 + �3 �2 + �3 �2 �3 �3 + �3 �3 + �3 �3

���� 0 0
= 0 ���� 0
0 0 ����

1 0 0
= ���� 0 1 0
0 0 1

= (����) �

Similarly we prove that (Adj A). A = (����) �

∴ A. (Adj A) = (Adj A). A = (����) �


����
⇒ A.
��� �
=
��� �
.A = � ⇒ �−ˡ =
���� ����
����

2. Solve the Equations �� − � + �� = � , � + � + � = �, � − � + � = � by using Cramer’s rule method.


Sol: Given system of equations can be written as

2 −1 3 � 9
1 1 1 � = 6
1 −1 1 � 2

2 −1 3
Now Δ = 1 1 1
1 −1 1

= 2(1+1) +1 (1-1) +3 (-1-1)

= 4+0-6= −2 ≠ 0.

9 −1 3
�1 = 6 1 1
2 −1 1

= 9(1+1) +1 (6-2) +3 (-6-2)

= 9(2) +1(4) +3(-8)

= 18+4+-24

= 22-24 = -2

2 9 3
�2 = 1 6 1
1 2 1

= 2(6-2) -9(1-1) +3(2-6)

= 2(4) -9(0) +3(-4)

= 8-0-12

= −4

2 −1 9
�3 = 1 1 6
1 −1 2

= 2(2+6) +1(2-6) +9(-1-1)


= 2(8) +1(-4) +9(-2)

= 16-4-18

= 16-22

= −6

Hence by Cramer’s Rule

�1 �2 �3
X= ; y= ; z=
Δ Δ Δ

−2 −4 −6
= −2 = −2 = −2

=1 =2 =3

∴ is the required solution.


x=1, y=2, z=3

MQ

3. Solve the system of equations using Cramer’s Rule.

(i) 3� + 4� + 5� = 18, 2� − � + 8� = 13, 5� − 2� + 7� = 20


Hints: Δ=136, Δ1 = 408, Δ2 = 136, Δ3 = 136
Ans: � = 3, � = 1, � = 1

(ii) � + � + � = 1, 2� + 2� + 3� = 6, � + 4� + 9� = 3
Hints: Δ=− 3, Δ1 =− 21, Δ2 = 30, Δ3 =− 12
Ans: � = 7,� =− 10,� = 4

(iii) � + � + � = 9, 2� + 5� + 7� = 52 2� + � − � = 0
Hints: Δ=− 4 Δ1 =− 4 Δ2 =− 12 Δ3 =− 20
Ans: � = 1,� = 3 � = 5

(iv) � − � + 3� = 5, 4� + 2� − � = 0, −� + 3� + � = 5
Hints: Δ= 50 Δ1 = 0 Δ2 = 50 Δ3 = 100
Ans: � = 0,� = 1,� = 2
4. Solve the Equations �� + �� + �� = ��, �� − � + �� = ��, �� − �� + �� = �� by using Matrix –
Inversion method.

Sol: Given system of equation can be written as Ax=B

3 4 5 � 18
2 −1 8 � = 13
5 −2 7 � 20

3 4 5 � 18
Where A = 2 −1 8 , X = � , B = 13
5 −2 7 � 20

3 4 5
ǀΑǀ = 2 −1 8
5 −2 7

= 3(-7+16) -4(14-40) +5(-4+5)

= 3(9) -4(-26) +5(1)

= 27 +104+5

= 136

≠ 0. So A is invertible.

Cofactor matix =

( − 7 + 16) (40 − 14) ( − 4 + 5)


Cofactor Matrix = ( − 10 − 28) (21 − 25) (20 + 6)
(32 + 5) (10 − 24) ( − 3 − 8)

9 26 1
= −38 −4 26
37 −14 −11

Adj A = [�������� ������]�


9 −38 37
Adj A = 26 −4 −14
1 26 −11

9 −38 37
∴� −1 ����
= ���� = 136
1
26 −4 −14
1 26 −11

We have Ax = B

⇒ x = �−1 B

9 −38 37 18
1
⇒ x = 136 26 −4 −14 13
1 26 −11 20

1
= 136 9(18)-38(13)+37(20)
26(18)-4(13)-14(20)
1(18)+26(13)-11(20)

408
1
= 136 136
136

3
x=1
1

� 3
� = 1
� 1

∴ x = 3, y=1, z=1 is the required solution.

MQ
5. Solve the system of equations using Matrix – Inversion method.
(i) � + � + � = 9, 2� + 5� + 7� = 52, 2� + � − � = 0.
Ans: � = 1,� = 3,� = 5

(ii) 2� − � + 3� = 8, −� + 2� + � = 4,3� + � − 4� = 0
Ans: � = 2,� = 2,� = 2

(iii) � + � + � = 1, 2� + 2� + 3� = 6,� + 4� + 9� = 3
Ans: � = 7,� =− 10, � = 4
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)

ADDITION OF VECTORS
VSAQ (2 Marks)
1. If � = �� + �� − ��, � = � + � + �, � = � + ��. Find the unit vector in the opposite direction of � + � + �.

Sol: Given that

� = 2� + 4� − 5�, � = � + � + �, � = � + 2�

∴ � + � + � = 3� + 6� − 2�

−(�+�+�)
The unit vector in the opposite direction of � + � + � is
�+�+�

−(3�+6�−2�)
∴ Required unit vector =
32+62+(−2)2

−(3�+6�−2�)
=
49

−(3�+6�−2�)
7

2. Find the unit vector in the direction of vector � = �� + �� + �

��+��+�
Ans:
��

3. If � = 2� + 5� + � and � = 4� + �� + �� are collinear vectors, then find m and n.

Sol: Given � = 2� + 5� + � and � = 4� + �� + ��

2 5 1
�, � are collinear ⇒ = =�
4 �

1 5 1
⇒ = =�
2 �

1 5 1 1
⇒ = ; =�
2 � 2

⇒ � = 10, �=2
∴ � = 10, �=2
MQ
4. If the vectors −�� + �� + ʎ� and �� + �� + �� are collinear, Then find ʎ and �
Ans: � =− �, ʎ=3
5. If �� = � + � + �, �� = �� − �� + �, �� = � + �� − ��, �� = �� + � + �� then find the
vector ��.

Sol: Given �� = � + � + �, �� = 3� − 2� + �, �� = � + 2� − 2�, �� = 2� + � + 3�

�� = �� + �� + �� + ��

= � + � + � + 3� − 2� + � + � + 2� − 2� + (2� + � + 3�)

∴ �� = 7� + 2� + 3�.

6. ABCDE is a Pentagon. If the sum of the Vectors ��, ��, ��, ��, �� and �� is ʎ��, then find the
value of ʎ.

Sol: Given �� + �� + �� + �� + �� + �� = ʎ��

⇒ (�� + ��) + �� + �� + �� + �� = ʎ��

⇒ �� + �� + �� = ʎ��

⇒ 3�� = ʎ��

⇒ ʎ=3

7. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’. Then show t��� �� + �� + �� + �� + �� =
��� = ���.

Sol: �� + �� + �� + �� + ��

= �� + �� + �� + �� + ��

= �� + �� + �� + �� + ��
= �� + �� + ��

= 3��

= 3 2�� = 6��

8. If the position Vectors of the points A, B, C are −�� + � − �, −�� + �� + ��, �� − �� − ���
respectively and �� = ��� then find ‘λ’.

Sol: Given that �� =− 2� + � − �, �� = − 4� + 2� + 2� , �� = 6� − 3� − 13�

�� = �� − ��

= 4� + 2� + 2� − ( − 2� + � − �)

=− 4� + 2� + 2� + 2� − � + �

=− 2� + � + 3�

�� = �� − ��

= 6� − 3� − 13� − ( − 2� + � − �)

= 6� − 3� − 13� + 2� − � + �

= 8� − 4� − 12�

Also given �� = ʎ ��

⇒ −2� + � + 3� = ʎ (8� − 4� − 12�)

⇒ −2� + � + 3� = ʎ. ( − 4)( − 2� + � + 2�)

⇒ 1 =− 4ʎ
−1
⇒ ʎ=
4
9. Find the Vector equation of the line passing through the point �� + �� + � and parallel to the vector
�� − �� + ��.

Sol: Let � = 2� + 3� + �, � = 4� − 2� + 3�

The Vector equation of the line passing through A(�) and parallel to be � is � = � + ��, � ∈ �.
⇒� = 2� + 3� + � + � 4� − 2� + 3� , � ∈ �.

10. Find the Vector equation of the line passing through the points �� + � + ��, and −�� + �� − �.

Sol: Let � = 2� + � + 3� and � =− 4� + 3� − �

The vector equation of the line passing through A � and B � is

� = 1 − � � + ��, � ∈ �

⇒ � = 1 − � 2� + � + 3� + � −4� + 3� − � , � ∈ �.

11. Find the equation of the Plane passing through � − �� + ��, − �� − � and −�� + ��

Sol: Let � = � − 2� + 5�, � =− 5� − �, � =− 3� + 5�

Equation of the plane passing through the points A(�), B(�), C(�) is

� = 1 − � − � � + �� + ��, �, � ∈ �

⇒ � = 1 − � − � � − 2� + 5� + � −5� − � + � −3� + 5� , �, � ∈ �.

SAQ (4 Marks)

1. Show that the Vectors �� + �� + �, − � − �, �� + �� + �� and −�� + �� + �� are coplanar.

Sol: Let �� = 4� + 5� + �, �� =− � − �, �� = 3� + 9� + 4�, �� =− 4� + 4� + 4�

Now �� = �� − �� =− � − � − 4� − 5� − �

=− 4� − 6� − 2�

�� = �� − �� = 3� + 9� + 4� − 4� − 5� − �

=− � + 4� + 3�

�� = �� − �� =− 4� + 4� + 4� − 4� − 5� − �

=− 8� − � + 3�

−4 −6 −2
Now �� �� �� = −1 4 3
−8 −1 3
=− 4 12 + 3 + 6 −3 + 24 − 2(1 + 32)

=− 4 15 + 6 21 − 2(33)

=− 60 + 126 − 66

=0

∴ The given vectors are coplannar.

2. If �, �, � are non – coplanar Vectors, then prove that the four points − � + �� − ��, �� + �� − ��,
−�� + �� − ��, −�� + �� + � are coplanar.

Sol: Let �� =− � + 4� − 3�, �� = 3� + 2� − 5�, �� =− 3� + 8� − 5�, �� =− 3� + 2� + �

Now,

�� = �� − �� = 3� + 2� − 5� + � − 4� + 3�

= 4� − 2� − 2�

�� = �� − �� =− 3� + 8� − 5� + � − 4� + 3�

=− 2� + 4� − 2�

�� = �� − �� =− 3� + 2� + � + � − 4� + 3�

=− 2� − 2� + 4�

4 −2 −2
Now �� �� �� = −2 4 −2 [ � � �]
−2 −2 4

= [ 4 16 − 4 + 2 −8 − 4 − 2 4 + 8 ] [ � � �]

= [ 4 12 + 2 −12 − 2 12 ] [ � � �]

= [ 48 − 24 − 24 ] [ � � �]

=0[� � �]

=0

∴ The given points are coplannar.


MQ.
3. Prove that the four points �� + �� − �, �� − � + ��,− � + �� − ��, −��� − � − �� are coplnar.
Given that �, �, � are non-coplanar.

4.If the points whose position vectors are �� − �� − �,�� + �� − ��, − � + � + �� and �� + �� + ʎ� are
−���
coplanar, then show that ʎ= ��
.

Sol: Let the given points be A, B, C and D respectively.

Then �� = 3� − 2� − �, �� = 2� + 3� − 4�, �� =− � + � + 2�,�� = 4� + 5� + ʎ�

Now, �� = �� − �� = 2� + 3� − 4� − (3� − 2� − �)

= 2� + 3� − 4� − 3� + 2� + �

=− � + 5� − 3�

�� = �� − �� =− � + � + 2� − (3� − 2� − �)

=− � + � + 2� − 3� + 2� + �

=− 4� + 3� + 3�

�� = �� − �� = 4� + 5� + ʎ� − (3� − 2� − �)

= 4� + 5� + ʎ� − 3� + 2� + �

= � + 7� + (ʎ + 1)�

A, B, C, D are coplannar ⇒ �� �� �� = 0

−1 5 −3
⇒ −4 3 3 =0
1 7 ʎ+1

⇒ −1 3ʎ + 3 − 21 − 5 −4ʎ − 4 − 3 − 3 −28 − 3 = 0

⇒ −1 3ʎ − 18 − 5 −4ʎ − 7 − 3 −31 = 0

⇒ −3ʎ + 18 + 20ʎ + 35 + 93 = 0

⇒ 17ʎ + 146 = 0

⇒ −146
ʎ=
17
4. Show that the line joining the pair of points �� − �� + �� and the line joining the pair of points
− � − �� − ��, � + �� − �� intersects at the point −��.

Sol: Equation of the line joining the first pair of points is

� = 1 − � 6� − 4� + 4� + � −4� , � ∈ �.________(1)

Equation of the line joining the second pair of point is

� = 1 − � � − 2� − 3� + � � + 2� − 5� , � ∈ �._________(2)

From equations (1) & (2) compairing �, � coefficients, we get

� ⇒ 1 − � 6 =− 1 − � + � ⇒ 6 − 6� =− 1 + � + � ⇒ 6� + 2� − 7 = 0______(3)

� ⇒ 1 − � −4 = 1 − � −2 + � 2 ⇒− 4 + 4� =− 2 + 2� + 2�

⇒ 4� − 4� − 2 = 0

⇒ 2� − 2� − 1 = 0_______(4)

Solving equation (3) & (4) , we get

� � 1

2 −7 6 2
−2 −1 2 −2

� � 1
−2−14
= −14+6 = −12−4

� � 1
= =
−16 −8 −16

� 1 � 1
−16
= −16 ; −8
= −16

−16 −8
�=
−16
; �=
−16

;
�=1 1
�=
2
∴ Point of intersection (1) ⇒ � = 1 − 1 6� − 4� + 4� + 1( − 4�)

� = 0 + 1( − 4�)

� =− 4�
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)

PRODUCT OF VECTORS
VSAQ (2 Marks)

1. Find the angle between the Vectors � + �� + �� and �� − � + ��.


Sol: Let � = � + 2� + 3� and � = 3� − � + 2�

If '�' be the angle between the vectors � and � then


�∙�
cos � = � �

(�+2�+3�)∙(3�−�+2�)
= �+2�+3� 3�−�+2�

1 3 +2 −1 +3(2)
=
12 +22 +32 32 +(−1)2 +22

3−2+6
=
1+4+9 9+1+4

7 7 1
= = =
14 14 14 2

1
∴ Cos � = 2

� = 60°
2. For what values of ʎ, the vectors �� + ʎ� − � and �� − �� + �� are perpendicular.
Sol: Let � = 2� + ʎ� − �, � = 4� − 2� + 2�

Given that � ⊥ � ⇒ � ∙ � = 0

⇒ 2� + ʎ� − � ∙ 4� − 2� + 2� = 0

⇒ 2 4 + ʎ −2 − 1 2 = 0

⇒ 8 − 2ʎ − 2 = 0

⇒ 6 − 2ʎ = 0

⇒ 2ʎ = 6


ʎ=3
MQ.

3. For what values of ʎ, the Vectors � − ʎ� + �� and �� + �� − � are right angles.


Sol: ʎ = 1

4. If the vectors ʎ� − �� + �� and �ʎ� − ʎ� − � are perpendicular to each, find ʎ.


−5
Sol: ʎ = 2 or 1.

5. If � = �� + �� − ��, � = �� − � + �� then find the angle between the vectors �� + � and � + ��.
Sol: Given that � = 2� + 2� − 3�, � = 3� − � + 2�

Now, 2� + � = 2 2� + 2� − 3� + (3� − � + 2�)

= 4� + 4� − 6� + 3� − � + 2�

= 7� + 3� − 4�

� + 2� = 2� + 2� − 3� + 2(3� − � + 2�)

= 2� + 2� − 3� + 6� − 2� + 4�

= 8� + �

If � is the angle between 2� + �, � + 2� then


(2�+�)∙(�+2�)
cos � = 2�+� �+2�

(7�+3�−4�)∙(8�+�)
=
(7)2 +(3)2 +(−4)2 (8)2 +(1)2

7 8 +3 0 −4(1)
=
49+9+16 64+1

56−4
=
74 65
52
cos � =
4810

52
∴ � = cos−1 ( )
4810

6. If � = �� − � + � and � = � − �� − �� then find ���


Sol: Given � = 2� − � + � and � = � − 3� − 5�

� � �
�x� = 2 −1 1
1 −3 −5
= � 5 + 3 − � −10 − 1 + �( − 6 + 1)

�x� = 8� + 11� − 5�
∴ �x� = (8)2 + (11)2 + ( − 5)2

= 64 + 121 + 25

= 210.

7. Find the unit Vector perpendicular to both � + � + � and �� + � + ��.


Sol: Let � = � + � + � and � = 2� + � + 3�
�x�
The unit vector perpendicular to both � and � is ± �x�

� � �
Now �x� = 1 1 1
2 1 3
= � 3 − 1 − � 3 − 2 + �(1 − 2)

= 2� − � − �

∴ �x� = (2)2 + ( − 1)2 + ( − 1)2 = 4 + 1 + 1 = 6

�x�
∴ Required unit vector =± �x�

(2�−�−�)
=± 6

MQ
8. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the vectors � = �� + �� − �,
� = �� − �� − ��
(��+��−��)
Sol: ± �

9. If �� +
��

� + �� is parallel to the vector � + �� + �� then find ‘P’.
2�
Sol: Given vectors 4� + 3
� + �� and � + 2� + 3� are parallel

2�
4 �
So, 1 = 2
3
=
3

4 �
⇒1=3

⇒ � = 12
10. Find the area of the triangle having �� + �� and −�� + �� as two of its sides.
Sol: Let � = 3� + 4�, and � =− 5� + 7�
1
Area of triangle having �, � as its sides is 2 �x�

� � �
Now �x� = 3 4 0
−5 7 0
= � 0 − 0 − � 0 + 0 + �(21 + 20)

= 41�
1
∴ Required Area = 2 �x�

1
= 2 41�

41
=
2
Sq. Units.

MQ.
11. If � = � + �� + ��, � = �� − �� − � are two sides of a triangle, then find its area.

Ans: � ��� ��. �����.

12. Find the area of the parallelogram having � = �� − � and � =− � + � as adjacent sides.
Sol: Given that � = 2� − �, � =− � + �

Area of the Parallelogram having �, � as adjacent sides = �x�

� � �
Now, �x� = 0 1 −1
−1 0 1
= � 2 + 0 − � 0 − 1 + �(0 + 2)

= 2� + � + 2�

∴ Required area = �x�

= 2 2 + (1)2 + (2)2

= 4 + 1 + 4 = 9 = 3 Sq. Units.

13. Find the volume of Parallelopiped having coterminus edge are � + � + �, � − � and � + �� − �.
Sol: Let � = � + � + �, � = � − �, � = � + 2� − �

Volume of the Parallelopiped having edges �, �, � is [� � �]

1 1 1
Here, � � � = 1 −1 0
1 2 −1
= 1 1 − 0 − 1 −1 − 0 + 1(2 + 1)

=1+1+3

=5

∴ Volume = 5 = 5 cubic units.


MQ.

14. Find the volume of Parallelopiped having coterminus edges are �� − ��, � + � − �, �� − �.
[Ans: 4 cubic units]
15.Find the volume of tetrahedron having edges � + � + �, � − � and � + �� + �
Sol: Let � = � + � + �, � = � − �, � = � + 2� + �
1
The volume of the tetrahedron having edges �, �, � is 6 [� � �]

1 1 1
Here, � � � = 1 −1 0
1 2 1
= 1 −1 − 0 − 1 1 − 0 + 1(2 + 1)

=− 1 − 1 + 3

=3−2

=1
1
∴ Volume of the tetrahedron = [� � �]
6

1
= (1)
6

1
= 6 cubic units.

16.Find ʎ in order that the four points � �, �, � , �(�, ʎ, �), �(�, �, − �) and �(�, �, − �) be
coplannar.
Sol: Given points A, B, C, D are coplannar, So �� �� �� = 0.

4−3 ʎ−2 5−1


⇒ 4−3 2 − 2 −2 − 1 = 0
6−3 5 − 2 −1 − 1

1 ʎ−2 4
⇒ 1 0 −3 = 0
3 3 −2

⇒ 1 0 + 9 − ʎ − 2 −2 + 9 + 4 3 − 0 = 0

⇒ 9 − ʎ − 2 7 + 12 = 0

⇒ 9 − 7ʎ + 14 + 12 = 0

⇒ −7ʎ + 35 = 0

⇒ 7ʎ = 35 ⇒


ʎ=5
SAQ (4 Marks)
1. If � = �, � = �, � = � and each of �, �, � is perpendicular to the sum of the other two
vectors. Then find the magnitude of � + � + �.
Sol: Given � = 2, � = 3, � = 4

� ⊥ � + � = � ∙ � + � = 0 ⇒ � ∙ � + � ∙ � = 0_________(1)

� ⊥ � + � = � ∙ � + � = 0 ⇒ � ∙ � + � ∙ � = 0_________(2)

� ⊥ � + � = � ∙ � + � = 0 ⇒ � ∙ � + � ∙ � = 0____________(3)

Equation (1) + (2) + (3) ⇒ 2 � ∙ � + � ∙ � + � ∙ � = 0_______(4)


2
Take � + � + � = � 2 + � 2 + � 2 + 2[� ∙ � + � ∙ � + � ∙ �]

= (2)2 + (3)2 + (4)2 + 0

= 4 + 9 + 16 [∵ from (4) ]
2
�+�+� = 29

⇒ � + � + � = 29.

2. If � = � + � + � and � = �� + �� + � then find,


(i) The Projection vector of � on � and its magnitude.
(ii)The components of � in the direction of � and perpendicular to �.
Sol: Given that � = � + � + � , � = 2� + 3� + �
�∙�
(i) The projection of � on � = �2
∙�
(�+�+�)∙(2�+3�+�)
= ∙ ( � + � + �)
�+�+� 2
2+3+1
= ( 3)2
∙ (� + � + �)
6(�+�+�)
= 3
= 2(� + � + �)
�∙� ( �+�+�)∙(2�+3�+�)
Magnitude = �
= �+�+�
2+3+1 6
= 3
= 3
= 2 3 Units
�∙� ∙�
(ii) The component vector of � in the direction of � = �2
= 2( � + � + �) (∵ from (i))
(�∙�)�
The component of � on a vector perpendicular to � is � − �2

= 2� + 3� + � − 2� − 2� − 2�

= � − �.

3. Prove by vector method the angle between any two diagonals of a cube is ���−� ( � ).
Sol: Let '��������' be a cube and

Let �� = �� = �� = 1 Unit

Take �� = �, �� = �, �� = �

Diagonal �� = �� + �� + ��

=�+�+�

Diagonal �� = �� + �� + ��

=�−�+�
��∙��
cos ��, �� = �� ��

(�+�+�)∙(�−�+�)
=
12 +12 +12 12 +(−1)2 +12

1−1+1
=
3 3
1
∴ ��, �� = cos−1 ( )
3

1
∴ Angle between any two diagonals of a cube is cos−1 ( 3 ).

4. If � = �� + � − �, � =− � + �� − ��, � = � + � + � then find (���). (���).


Sol: Given � = 2� + � − �, � =− � + 2� − 4�, � = � + � + �

� � �
�x� = 2 1 −1
−1 2 −4
= � −4 + 2 − � −8 − 1 + �(4 + 1)

=− 2� + 9� + 5�

� � �
�x� = −1 2 −4
1 1 1
= � 2 + 4 − � −1 + 4 + �( − 1 − 2)

= 6� − 3� − 3�

∴ �x� ∙ �x� = ( − 2� + 9� + 5�) ∙ (6� − 3� − 3�)

= −2 6 + 9 −3 + 5( − 3)

=− 12 − 27 − 15.

=− 54

5. If �, �, � are non-coplannar vectors then show that the points �� + �� − �,


� − �� + ��, �� + �� − ��, � − �� + �� are coplannar.
Sol: If A, B, C, D are the given points, then

�� = 2� + 3� − �, �� = � − 2� + 3�, �� = 3� + 4� − 2�, �� = � − 6� + 6�

∴ �� = �� − �� = � − 2� + 3� − (2� + 3� − �)

= � − 2� + 3� − 2� − 3� + �,

=− � − 5� + 4�

�� = �� − �� = 3� + 4� − 2� − (2� + 3� − �)

= 3� + 4� − 2� − 2� − 3� + �

=�+�−�

�� = �� − �� = � − 6� + 6� − (2� + 3� − �)

= � − 6� + 6� − 2� − 3� + �

=− � − 9� + 7�

−1 −5 4
Now, ��, ��, �� = 1 1 −1 [� � �]
−1 −9 −1
= −1 7 − 9 + 5 7 − 1 + 4 −9 + 1 [� � �]

= [ − 1 −2 + 5 6 + 4 −8 ] [� � �]

= [2 + 30 − 32] [� � �] = 0

∴ A, B, C, D are coplannar.

MQ.

6. Prove that the four points �� + �� + �, −(� + �), �� + �� + �� and −�� + �� + �� are coplanar.
LAQ (7 Marks)
1. A line makes angles �� , ��, �� and �� with the diagonals of a cube. Show that ������ + ���� �� +

������ + ���� �� =

Sol: Let OABCDEFG is a cube

Let �� = �� = �� = �

The coordinates of the vertices of a cube are � 0,0,0 , � �, 0, 0 , � 0, �, 0 ,

� 0, 0, � , � �, 0, � , � �, �, 0 , � 0, �, � , �(�, �, �)

i.e., �� = ��, �� = ��, �� = ��

�� = �� + ��, �� = �� + ��, �� = �� + ��, �� = �� + �� + ��

From the figure ��, ��, ��, �� are four diagonals.

�� = �� − �� = �� + �� − �� =− �� + �� + ��

�� = �� − �� = �� + �� − �� = �� + �� − ��

�� = �� − �� = �� + �� − �� = �� − �� + ��

Let (�, �, �) be the d.c’s of the given line and � = �� + �� + �� so that �2 + �2 + �2 = 1.

The line makes �1 , �2 , �3 , �4 with ��, ��, ��, �� respectively

��+��+�� �(�+�+�) �+�+�


Then cos �1 = = =
�2 +�2 +�2 �2 +�2 +�2 1 3�2 3

Similarly we get

−�+�+� �+�−� �−�+�


cos �2 =
3
, cos �3 =
3
, cos �4 =
3

Now

cos2�1 + cos2 �2 + cos2 �3 + cos2�4


�+�+� 2 −�+�+� 2 �+�−� 2 �−�+� 2
=(
3
) +(
3
) +(
3
) +(
3
)
1
= 3 [�2 + �2 + �2 + 2�� + 2�� ++ 2�� + �2 + �2 + �2 − 2�� + 2�� − 2�� + �2 + �2 + �2 − 2�� −
2�� + 2��]
1
= [4 �2 + �2 + �2 ]
3

4
= (1)
3
[∵ �2 + �2 + �2 = 1]

4
=
3

4
∴ cos2 �1 + cos2 �2 + cos2 �3 + cos2 �4 =
3

2. � = �� + �� − �, � = � − �� + �� and � = �� + � − �. Find the vector which is perpendicular to


both � and � whose magnitude is tewnty one times the magnitude of �.
Sol: Given that � = 4� + 5� − �, � = � − 4� + 5� and � = 3� + � − �

� = 32 + (1)2 + ( − 1)2 = 9 + 1 + 1 = 11

�x�
The unit vector perpendicular to both � and � is =
�x�

� � �
Now �x� = 4 5 −1
1 −4 5
= � 25 − 4 − � 20 + 1 + �( − 16 − 5)

= 21� − 21� − 21�

= 21(� − � − �)

�x� = 21 1 + 1 + 1 = 21 3
21 � (�x� )
The vector perpendicular both � and � and having the magnitude 21 times magnitude of � is =± �x�

21 11x21(�−�−�)
=± 21 3

21 11(�−�−�)

3

7x3x 11(�−�−�)
=± 3

=± 7 3 11(� − � − �)

=± 7 33(� − � − �).
3. G is the centroid ΔABC and �, �, � are the lengths of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Prove that
�� + �� + �� = � ��� + ��� + ��� − �(��)� . Where O is any point.

Sol: Given that �� = �, �� = �, �� = �

Let O be the origin

�� + �� + �� = 3��

�2 = ��2 = (�� − ��)2

= ��2 + ��2 − 2��. ��

�2 = ��2 = (�� − ��)2

= ��2 + ��2 − 2��. ��

�2 = ��2 = (�� − ��)2

= ��2 + ��2 − 2��. ��

Consider

�2 + �2 + �2 = 2 ��2 + ��2 + ��2 − 2[��. �� + ��. �� + ��. ��]________(1)

We have �� + �� + �� = 3��

Squarring on both sides

��2 + ��2 + ��2 + 2 ��. �� + ��. �� + ��. �� = 9��2

��2 + ��2 + ��2 − 9��2 =− 2 ��. �� + ��. �� + ��. �� __________(2)

Substituting in quation (1) , we get

�2 + �2 + �2 = 2 ��2 + ��2 + ��2 + ��2 + ��2 + ��2 − 9��2

�2 + �2 + �2 = 3[��2 + ��2 + ��2 ] − 9��2.

4. �, �, � are three vectors of equal magnitude and each of them is inclined at an angle of ��° to the
others. If � + � + � = �, then find � .
Sol: Given � + � + � = 6

Squaring on both sides


2
⇒ �+�+� = ( 6)2

⇒ �2 + �2 + �2 + 2�� + 2�� + 2�� = 6

Let � = � = � = �

⇒ �2 + �2 + �2 + 2�2 cos �. � + 2�2 cos �. � + 2�2 cos �. � = 6

⇒ 3�2 + 2�2 cos 60° + 2�2 cos 60° + 2�2 cos 60° = 6

⇒ 3�2 + 6�2 cos 60° = 6


1
⇒ 3�2 + 6�2 2
=6

⇒ 3�2 + 3�2 = 6

⇒ 6�2 = 6

⇒ �2 = 1 ⇒ � = 1 ⇒ � = 1

5. � = �� − � + ��, � =− � + �� + ��, � = �� + �� − �� and � = � + �� + ��, then compute the


following
(i) ��� � (���)
(ii) ��� . � − ��� . �
Sol: Given � = 3� − � + 2�, � =− � + 3� + 2�

� = 4� + 5� − 2� � = � + 3� + 5�

� � �
(i) �x� = 3 −1 2
−1 3 2

= � −2 − 6 − � 6 + 2 + �(9 − 1)
=− 8� − 8� + 8�

� � �
�x� = 4 5 −2
1 3 5
= � 25 + 6 − � 20 + 2 + �(12 − 5)

= 31� − 22� + 7�

� � �
Now �x� x �x� = −8 −8 8
31 −22 7
= � −56 + 176 − � −56 − 248 + �(176 + 248)

∴ �x� x �x� = 120� + 304� + 424�

(ii) �x� . � = −8� − 8� + 8� . (3� − � + 2�)


=− 24 + 8 + 16
= 24 − 24 = 0
� � �
�x� = 3 −1 2
1 3 5
= � −5 − 6 − � 15 − 2 + �(9 + 1)

=− 11� − 13� + 10�

�x� . � = −11� − 13� + 10� . ( − � + 3� + 2�)

= 11 − 39 + 20

= 31 − 39

=− 8

∴ �x� . � − �x� . � = 0 − −8 = 0 + 8 = 8
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS UPTO TRANSFORMATIONS

VSAQ (2 Marks)

1. If ��� � =
−�

and � does not lie in the 3rd quadrant, find the value of ��� � , ��� �.
−1
Sol: Given sin � = 3
, lies in 4th quadrant

cos � = 1 − sin2 �

−1 2 1 8 2 2
= 1−( ) = 1− = =
3 9 9 3

2 2
cos �
cot � = sin �
= 3
−1 =− 2 2
3

2. If ��� � + ��� � = � ��� � then prove that ��� � − ��� � = � ��� � .


Sol: Given cos � + sin � = 2 cos �_______(1)

Let cos � − sin � = �________(2)


2 2
Eq 1 + 2

⇒ ( cos � + sin � )2 + ( cos � − sin � )2 = ( 2 cos � )2 + �2

⇒ cos2 � + sin2 � + 2 sin � cos � + cos2 � + sin2 � − 2 sin � cos � = 2cos2 � + �2

⇒ 1 + 1 = 2cos2 � + �2
∵ cos2 � + sin2 � = 1
⇒ 2 = 2cos2 � + �2

⇒ �2 = 2(1 − cos2 �)

⇒ �2 = 2sin2 �

⇒ � = 2 sin � ⇒ cos � − sin � = 2 sin � .

3. If ��� � + ����� � = �, find the value of ���� � + ������ �, � ∈ ƶ


Sol: Given that sin � + cosec � = 2
1
⇒ sin � + sin � = 2

⇒ sin2 � + 1 = 2 sin �

⇒ sin2 � − 2 sin � + 1 = 0
⇒ (sin � − 1)2 = 0

⇒ sin � = 1 ⇒ csc � = 1

∴ sin� � + cosec� � = (1)� + (1)� = 2.

4. Prove that ���� � + ����� � � − ����� = � − ���� �


1
Sol: LHS = cos4 � + 2cos2 � 1 − sec2�

⇒ cos4 � + 2cos2 �(1 − cos2 �)

⇒ cos4 � + 2cos2 �. sin2 �

⇒ cos2 �(cos2 � + 2sin2 �)


∵ cos2 � + sin2 � = 1

sin2 � = 1 − cos2 �

⇒ cos2 �(cos2 � + sin2 � + sin2�)

⇒ cos2 �(1 + sin2 �)

⇒ (1 − sin2 �)(1 + sin2 �)

⇒ (1)2 − (sin2 �)2 = 1 − sin4 � = RHS.

5. � �� ��
Prove that ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� = �
�� ��

� 3� 5� 7� 9�
Sol: LHS cot 20 . cot 20 . cot 20 . cot 20 . cot 20

⇒ cot 9° . cot 27° . cot 45° . cot 63° . cot 81 °

⇒ cot 9° . cot 27° . 1 . cot (90 − 27) . cot (90 − 9)


1 1
⇒ tan 9° . . tan 27° . tan 9°
tan 27° ∵ cot (90 − �) = tan �
=1

=RHS

6. Find the period of � � = ��� (


��+�

)
4�+9
Sol: Given � � = cos ( 5
)

4 9
⇒ cos ( 5 � + 5 )

2�
Period of cos (�� + �) is �

4 9 2� 10� 5�
∴ Period of cos ( � + ) is 4 = = .
5 5 4 2
5
MQ

7. Find the period of � � = ��� �� + � + � Ans:


��

8. Find the period of ��� (� + �� + �� + ……………. + ��� )


Sol: tan (� + 4� + 9� + ……………. + �2 � )
�(�+1)(2�+1)
= tan[ ]�
6

�(� + 1)(2� + 1)
∵ 12 + 22 + 32 + ………. . + �2 =
6

Period of tan �� is �

�(�+1)(2�+1) � 6�
∴ Period of tan[ ]� is �(�+1)(2�+1) =
6 �(�+1)(2�+1)
6

9. Find a sine function whose period is �


Sol: Take a sine function as 'sin �� '


2
Now, period of sin �� is 3

2� 2
⇒ �
=
3

⇒ � = 3�

⇒ � =± 3�

∴ The required sine function is sin ±3� � .

MQ.

10. Find a cosine function whose period is 7. {Ans: ���


��

�}
11. ��� �°+��� �°
Prove that ��� �°−��� �° = ��� ��°
Sol: Take cot 36° = cot (45° − 9°)
cot 45° . cot 9°+1 cot � cot �+1
= cot 9°−cot 45°
cot � − � =
cot �−cot �
, cot 45° = 1

cot 9°+1
= cot 9°−1

cos 9 °
+1
= cos
sin 9°

−1
sin 9°

cos 9 °+sin 9°
cos 9 °+sin 9°
= sin 9°
cos 9 °−sin 9° = cos 9 °−sin 9°
sin 9°

12. Find the value of ������ � − ���� �� �.


� �

1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol: sin2 82 2 − sin2 22 2 = sin 82 2 + 22 2 . sin 82 2 − 22 2
= sin 105° . sin 60°
∵ sin2 � − sin2 � = sin � + � . sin (� − �)
= sin (90° + 15°) . sin 60°

= cos 15° . sin 60°

�+� �
=( � �
)

�+ �
= � �

13. Find the maximum and minimum values of � � = � ��� � − �� ��� � + �.


Sol: Given � � = 7 cos � − 24 sin � + 5

Compare with � cos � + � sin � + �. Then we get � = 7, � =− 24, � = 5

Maximum value = � + �2 + �2 = 5 + (7)2 + ( − 24)2

= 5 + 49 + 576

= 5 + 625

= 5 + 25 = 30

Minimum value = � − �2 + �2

= 5 − 72 + ( − 24)2

= 5 − 625 = 5 − 25 =− 20.

MQ.

14. Find the maximum and minimum values of ���� � − � ��� � .


Ans: 5, -5

15. Find the range of �� ��� � + � � ��� � − �.


Ans: [-18, 10]
16. �
Prove that ��� ��° − ��� ��° = �

1 3
Sol: LHS = sin 10° − cos 10°

cos 10°− 3 sin 10 °


= sin 10° . cos 10 °

1 3
2[ cos 10 °− sin 10° ]
= 2 2
sin 10°. cos 10°

2[ sin 30 ° cos 10°−cos 30° sin 10 °]


= sin 10°. cos 10°
[ ∵ sin(A-B)=sinAcosB-cosAsinB ]

2 sin (30°−10°)
=
sin 10° cos 10°
2 sin 20°
=
sin 10° cos 10°

2.2 sin 20
=
2 sin 10° cos 10°
[ ∵ sin 2� = 2 sin � . cos � ]

4 sin 20°
=
sin 20°

= 4 = RHS

17. Prove that ��� ��° − ��� ��° = � ��� ��°


Sol: Take tan 50° = tan (70° − 20°)
tan 70°−tan 20°
= 1+tan 70°. tan 20°

tan 70°−tan 20°


= 1+tan 70°. tan (90°−70°)

tan 70°−tan 20° tan �−tan �


=1+tan 70°.���70 [ ∵ Tan(A-B)=1+tan ����� ]

tan 70°−tan 20°


= 1+1

tan 70°−tan 20°


tan 50° =
2

2 tan 50° = tan 70° − tan 20°

SAQ (4 Marks)

1. �
If � + � = ��° then prove that � + ��� � � + ��� � = � and hence deduce that ��� �� � °.
Sol: Given � + � = 45°

⇒ tan � + � = tan 45°


tan �+tan �
⇒ 1−tan � tan � = 1

⇒ tan � + tan � = 1 − tan � tan �

⇒ tan � + tan � + tan � tan � = 1

Adding 1 on both sides

⇒ 1 + tan � + tan � + tan � tan � = 1 + 1

⇒ 1 + tan � + tan � 1 + tan � = 2

⇒ 1 + tan � 1 + tan � = 2
1° 1° 1°
Let � = � = 22 2
⇒ 1 + tan 22 2
1 + tan 22
2
=2


⇒ (1 + tan 22 2 )2 = 2

1° 1°
⇒ 1 + tan 22 2 = 2 ⇒ tan 22 2
= 2−1
MQ

2. If � − � =
��

, Then show that � − ��� � � + ��� � = �.
3. ��� �+��� �−�
Prove that ��� �−��� �+� =
�+��� �
��� �
tan �+sec �−1 tan �+sec �−(sec2 �−tan2 �)
Sol: LHS = tan �−sec �+1 = tan �−sec �+1

tan �+sec � −( sec �+tan � )( sec �−tan �)


= tan �−sec �+1

sec �+tan � [1− sec �−tan � ]


=
tan �−sec �+1

sec �+tan � (1−sec �+tan � )


=
tan �−sec �+1

= sec � + tan �
1 sin �
= cos � + cos �

1+sin �
= cos �

=RHS.

4. If ��� � + ��� � = � and ��� � − ��� � = �, then show that �� − �� = � ��.


Sol: Given that tan � + sin � = �, tan � − sin � = �

⇒� + � = tan � + sin � + tan � − sin � = 2 tan �

⇒ � − � = tan � + sin � − tan � + sin � = 2 sin �

Now, �2 − �2 = (� + �)(� − �)

= (2 tan � )(2 sin � )

= 4 tan � . sin �

= 4 tan2 �. sin2 �

= 4 tan2 �(1 − cos2 �)

= 4 tan2 � − sin2 �

= 4 ( tan � + sin � )( tan � − sin � ) = 4 ��.

5. � �� �
If � < � < � < � and ��� � + � = �� and ��� (� − �) = � Then find the value of ��� ��.
24 4
Sol: Given that sin � + � = 25 and cos (� − �) = 5
24 −3
tan (� + �) =
7
and tan (� − �) =
4

∵ � < � ⇒ � − � < 0 ⇒ � − � lies in IV quadrant.

∴ tan 2� = tan [ � + � + � − � ]
tan (�+�)+tan (�−�)
= 1−tan �+� . tan (�−�)

24 3

= 7 4
24 −3
1− ( )
7 4

96−21
75 3
= 28
28+72 = =
100 4
28

6. Prove that � + ��� ��



� + ���
��
��
� + ���
��
��
� + ���
��
��
=

��
� 3� 7� 9�
Sol: LHS 1 + cos 10 1 + cos
10
1 + cos
10
1 + cos
10

� 3� 3� �
= 1 + cos 10 1 + cos
10
[1 + cos � − 10 ][1 + cos � − 10

� 3� 3� �
= 1 + cos 1 + cos 10 1 − cos 10 1 − cos
10 10

� 3�
= 1 − cos2 10 1 − cos2
10

� 3�
= sin2 . sin2
10 10

� 3�
= (sin 10 . sin 10 )2

= ( sin 18° . sin 54° )2

5−1 5+1 2
=( . )
4 4

5−1 2
=( 16
)

1
=( 4 )2

=1/16 =RHS
7. Prove that � + ��� �

� + ���
��

� + ���
��

� + ���
��

=

8. �
Prove that ���� � + ����
��

+ ����
��

+ ����
��

=�

� 3� 5� 7�
Sol: LHS = sin4 8 + sin4 8
+ sin4 8
+ sin4
8

� 3� 3� �
= sin4 + sin4 + sin4 � − 8
+ sin4 � −
8 8 8

� 3� 3� �
= sin4 8 + sin4 8
+ sin4 8
+ sin4 8

� 3�
= 2 sin4 8 + sin4 8

� � �
= 2 sin4 8 + sin4 −8
2

� �
= 2 sin4 8 + cos4 8

� � 2
=2 sin2 + cos2
8 8

� � 2 � �
=2 sin2 + cos2 − 2sin2 . cos2
8 8 8 8

� �
= 2 1 − 2sin2 8 . cos2 8

∵ �2 + �2 = � + � 2 − 2��
sin 2� = 2 sin � . cos �
� � 2
= 2 − 2 sin 8 . cos 8

2� 2
= 2 − sin 8

� 2
= 2 − sin 4

1 2
=2− 2

1 3
= 2 − 2 = 2 =RHS

MQ.

9. Prove that ���� �� + ���� ��



��
+ ���� + ���� =

��


10. If A is not an integral multiple of �, Then prove that ��� � . ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� = ��
��� ���
��� �
Sol: LHS = cos � . cos 2� . cos 4� . cos 8�
1
= 2 sin � 2 sin � . cos � cos 2� . cos 4� . cos 8�

[ ∵Multiply and divide by 2sin � ]


1
= 2 sin � sin 2� . cos 2� . cos 4� . cos 8�

1
= 2.2 sin � 2 sin 2� . cos 2� . cos 4� . cos 8�

∵ sin 2� = 2 sin � . cos �


1
= 4 sin � sin 4� . cos 4� . cos 8�

1
= 2.4 sin � 2 sin 4� . cos 4� . cos 8�

1
= sin 8� . cos 8�
8 sin �

1 1
= 2.8 sin � 2 sin 8� . cos 8� = 16 sin � sin 16�

sin 16�
= 16 sin � =RHS

11. If �, �, � are non – zero real numbers and �, � are the solutions of the equation
� ��� � + � ��� � = � then show that
���
(i) ��� � + ��� � = ��+��
�� −��
(ii) ��� � . ��� � = ��+��
Sol: Given equation is � cos � + � sin � = �

� cos � = � − � sin �

Squaring on both sides

�2 cos2� = (� − � sin � )2

�2 cos2� = �2 + �2 sin2 � − 2�� sin �

�2 1 − sin2 � = �2 + �2 sin2� − 2�� sin �

�2 − �2sin2 � = �2 + �2 sin2� − 2�� sin �

�2 + �2 sin2 � − 2�� sin � − �2 + �2 sin2 � = 0

�2 + �2 sin2 � − 2�� sin � + �2 − �2 = 0

This is in the form of ��2 + ��2 + � = 0

This is have two roots sin � , sin �


−� −(−2��) 2��
(i) sin � + sin � = �
= �2 +�2
= �2+�2
� � −�2
2
(ii) sin � . sin � = � = �2+�2
LAQ (7 Marks)

1. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


��� �� − ��� �� + ��� �� = � ��� � ��� � ��� �
Sol: LHS = sin 2� − sin 2� + sin 2�

�+� �−�
sin � − sin � = 2 cos sin
2 2

2�+2� 2�−2�
= 2 cos 2
sin 2
+ sin 2� �+�+�=�
= 2 cos � + � sin � − � + sin 2� �+�=�−�
=− 2 cos � . sin � − � + 2 sin � cos �
∵ cos � + � =
= 2 cos � sin � − sin � − � − cos �
= 2 cos � sin � + � − sin � − �
sin � = sin � + �
= 2 cos � sin � cos � + cos � sin � − sin � cos � − cos � sin �
sin 2�
= 2 cos � 2 cos � . sin �
= 2 sin � cos �
= 4 cos � sin � cos � =RHS.

MQ

2. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


��� �� + ��� �� − ��� �� = � ��� � ��� � ��� �

3. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


��� �� + ��� �� + ��� �� = � ��� � ��� � ��� �

4. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


��� �� + ��� �� + ��� �� =− � − � ��� � ��� � ��� �

Sol: LHS = Cos 2� + cos 2� + cos 2�

�+� �−�
cos � + cos � = 2 cos cos
2 2
2�+2� 2�−2�
= 2 cos 2
cos 2
+ cos 2�

= 2 cos � + � cos � − � + 2cos2 � − 1

=− 2 cos � . cos � − � + 2cos2 � − 1 ∵ cos 2� = 2cos2 � − 1


cos � + � =− cos �
=− 1 − 2 cos � cos � − � − cos �

=− 1 − 2 cos � [cos � − � + cos � + � ]

=− 1 − 2 cos � [ cos � cos � + sin � sin � + cos � cos � − sin � sin � ]

=− 1 − 2 cos � 2 cos � . cos �

=− 1 − 4 cos � . cos � . cos �

= RHS.

MQ.

5. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


��� �� − ��� �� + ��� �� = � − � ��� � ��� � ��� �

6. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


� � �
��� � + ��� � − ��� � = � ��� ��� ���
� � �
Sol: LHS = sin � + sin � − sin �

� + �) �−�
sin � + sin � = 2 sin cos
2 2
�+�) �−�
= 2 sin 2
cos 2
− sin �

∵ � + � + � = 180°
�+� �
= 90° −
2 2
� + �) � �
sin = sin 90 − = cos ; sin 2� = 2 sin � . cos �

2 �−� � �
2 2
= 2 cos 2 . cos 2
− 2 sin 2 . cos 2
� �−� �
= 2 cos 2 cos − sin
2 2
� �−� �+�
= 2 cos cos 2
− cos 2
2
� � � � � � � � �
= 2 cos 2 cos 2 . cos 2 + sin 2 . sin 2 − cos 2 . cos 2 − sin 2 . sin 2

� � �
= 2 cos 2 sin . sin
2 2 2

� � �
= 4 sin . sin . cos =RHS
2 2 2
MQ.

7. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


� � �
��� � + ��� � + ��� � = � ��� � ��� � ��� �

8. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


� � � � � �
���� � + ���� � − ���� � = � − � ��� � ��� � ��� �

� � �
Sol: LHS = sin2 2 + sin2 2 − sin2 2

sin2 � − sin2 � = sin � + � sin � − �


� � � � �
= sin2 2 + sin 2
+
2
. sin 2

2

� � �−�
= sin2 2 + cos 2 sin 2

� � �−�
= 1 − cos2 2 + cos 2 . sin 2

� � �−�
= 1 − cos 2 cos 2 − sin 2

� �+� �−�
= 1 − cos 2 sin 2
− sin
2

� � � � �
= 1 − cos 2 sin 2
+
2
− sin
2

2

� � � � � � � � �
= 1 − cos 2 sin 2 . cos 2 + cos 2 sin 2 − sin 2 cos 2 − cos 2 sin 2

� � �
= 1 − cos 2 cos sin
2 2 2

� � �
= 1 − 2 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 = RHS

MQ.

9. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


� � � � � �
���� + ���� + ���� = � � + ��� . ��� . ��� � � �
� � �

10. If � + � + � = ���° then prove that


� � � �−� �−� �−�
��� + ��� + ��� = � ��� �
��� �
��� �
� � �

�−� �−� �−�


Sol: RHS = 4 cos 4
cos 4
cos 4

�−� �+� �+�


= 2 cos 4
2 cos 4
cos 4

�−� �+� �+� �+� �+�


= 2 ��� 4
[cos ( + 4
) + cos ( − 4
)]
4 4

∵ 2 cos � cos � = cos � + � + cos � − �


�−� � �+� �−�
= 2 ��� 4
[ cos ( + ) + cos 4
]
2 4
�−� �+� �−�
= 2 ��� 4
− sin
4
+ cos
4

�+� �+� �−�


= 2 ��� 4
− sin 4
+ cos 4

∵ if A + B + C = π ⇒ A + B = π − C
�+� �+� �+� �−�
=− 2 sin 4
��� 4
+ 2 ��� 4
��� 4

� � � �
�+� + −
=− sin2 42
+ 2 cos 2 2
cos 2 2
2 2

�+� � �
=− sin 2
+ cos + cos
2 2

�+� �−�
∵ 2 cos 2
cos 2
= cos � + cos �

� � �
=− cos + cos + cos
2 2 2

� � �
= cos + cos − cos =LHS
2 2 2

MQ

11. If � + � + � = �, then prove that


� � � �−� �−� �−�
��� � + ��� � + ��� � = � + � ��� �
��� �
��� �
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

VSAQ (2 Marks)

1. If ��� �� = � then find ��� �(��) and ��� �(��).
3
Sol: Given sin ℎ� = 4 then

cos ℎ� = 1 + sin ℎ2 �

3 2 9 16+9 25 5
= 1+ 4
= 1+ = = =4
16 16 16

(i) cos ℎ (2�) = 1 + 2sin ℎ2 �


3 2 9 9 17
=1+2 4
=1+2 =1+ =
16 8 8
(ii) sin ℎ(2�) = 2 sin ℎ� . cos ℎ�
3 5 15
= 2. . =
4 4 8


2. If ��� �� = � then find
(i) ��� � (��)
(ii)��� �(��)
5
Sol: Given cos ℎ� = then sin ℎ� =
2
cos ℎ2 � − 1

5 2
= 2
−1

25−4 21
= 4
=± 2

5 2
(i) cos ℎ (2�) = 2cos ℎ2 � − 1 = 2 2
−1
25
=2 4
−1
25
= 2
−1
23
= 2
(ii) sin ℎ(2�) = 2 sin ℎ� . cos ℎ�
21 5
= 2. ± .
2 2
5 21
=± 2

3. Prove that ��� �� − ��� �� = ��� � �� − ��� �(��)
Sol: LHS = cos ℎ� − sin ℎ� �
�� +�−� �� −�−� �
= −
2 2

�� +�−� −�� +�−� �


= 2

2�−� �
= 2

= (�−� )� = �−��

RHS = cos ℎ �� − sin ℎ(��)


��� +�−�� ��� +�−��
= 2
− 2

��� +�−�� −��� +�−��


= 2

2�−��
= 2
= �−��

∴ LHS = RHS

4. Prove that ����� � − ����� � = �


Sol: LHS = cosℎ2 � − sinℎ2 �

�� +�−� 2 �� −�−� 2
= 2
− 2

�� 2+ �−� 2 +2�� .�−� �� 2+ �−� 2 −2�� .�−�


= 4
− 4

�2� +�−2� +2−(�2� +�−2� −2)


= 4

�2� +�−2� +2−�2� −�−2� +2


=
4

4
=
4

=1

=RHS

5. Prove that ����� � − ����� � = ��� �(��)


Sol: LHS = cosℎ4 � − sinℎ4 �

= (cosℎ2 �)2 − sinℎ2 � 2

= cosℎ2 � + sinℎ2 � cosℎ2 � − sinℎ2 �

= cos ℎ 2� (1)

= cos ℎ 2�

=RHS {∵ cosℎ2 � − sinℎ2 � = 1, cos ℎ 2� = cosℎ2� + sinℎ2 � }


6. Prove that ���� � − � = ���� � . ���� � − ���� � . ���� � .
Sol: RHS = sinh � . cosh � − cosh � . sinh �
�� −�−� �� +�−� �� +�−� �� −�−�
= 2 2
− 2 2

�� .�� +�� .�−� −�−� .�� −�−� .�−� �� .�� −�� .�−� +�−� .�� −�−� .�−�
= 4
− 4

�� .�� +�� .�−� −�−� .�� −�−� .�−� −�� .�� +�� .�−� −�−� .�� +�−� .�−�
=
4

2�� .�−� −2�−� .��


= 4

2 ��−� −�− �−�


= 4

��−� −�− �−�


= = sinh (� − �) =LHS.
2

MQ.

7. Prove that ���� � + � = ���� � . ���� � + ���� � . ���� �.


�+��� �� �
8. Prove that ���� �� = �−��� ���
1+tan ℎ2 �
Sol: RHS = 1−tan ℎ2�

2
�� −�−�
1+ � −� �� −�−�
� +�
= 2 ∵ tan ℎ� = �� +�−�
�� −�−�
1− � −�
� +�

(�� +�−� )2+(�� −�−� )2


2 2
(�� +�−� )2 ∵ �+� + �−� = 2 �2 + �2
= (�� +�−� )2−(�� −�−� )2
(�� +�−� )2 �+� 2 2
− �−� = 4��
2 �2� +�−2�
=
4�� .�−�

�2� +�−2�
=
2

= cosh 2� =LHS.

MQ.
���� �+���� �
9. Prove that ���� (� + �) = �+���� � . ���� �
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)

PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

SAQ (4 Marks)
� � � ��
1. Prove that ��� � + ��� � + ��� � = ∆
� � �
Sol: LHS = cot 2 + cot 2 + cot 2

�(�−�) �(�−�) �(�−�)


= ∆
+ ∆
+ ∆


= �−�+�−�+�−�


= 3� − � + � + �


= ∆ 3� − 2� ∵ a + b + c = 2S


= ∆ (�)

�2
= ∆
=RHS.

� � � ��+��+��−��
2. Prove that ��� � + ��� � + ��� � = ∆
.
� � �
Sol: LHS = tan 2 + tan 2 + tan 2

∆ ∆ ∆
= �(�−�) + �(�−�) + �(�−�)

∆ 1 1 1
= + +
� �−� �−� �−�

∆ �−� �−� + �−� �−� + �−� �−�


=
� �−� �−� �−�

∆ �2 −��−��+��+�2 −��−��+��+�2 −��−��+��


= � �−� �−� �−�


= �(�−�)(�−�)(�−�) 3�2 − 2� � + � + � + �� + �� + ��


= ∆2 3�2 − 2� 2� + �� + �� + ��

1
= ∆ 3�2 − 4�2 + �� + �� + ��

��+��+��−�2
= ∆
=RHS.
�� +�� +��
3. Prove that ��� � + ��� � + ��� � = �∆
Sol: LHS = cot � + cot � + cot �
cos � cos � cos �
= sin �
+ sin � + sin �

�2 +�2 −�2 �2 +�2 −�2 �2 +�2 −�2


= 2��
� + 2��
� + 2��

2� 2� 2�

2�(�2 +�2 −�2) 2�(�2+�2−�2 ) 2�(�2+�2 −�2 )


= 2���
+ 2���
+ 2���


= ��� �2 + �2 − �2 + �2 + �2 − �2 + �2 + �2 − �2

� ���
= 4�∆ (�2 + �2 + �2 ) ∵∆=
4�

�2 +�2+�2
= 4∆
=RHS.

��� � ��� � ��� � �� +�� +��


4. Show that �
+ �
+

=
����
cos � cos � cos �
Sol: LHS = �
+ �
+ �

�2 +�2 −�2 �2 +�2 −�2 �2 +�2 −�2

= 2��

+ 2��

+ 2��

�2+�2−�2 �2+�2−�2 �2 +�2−�2


= 2���
+ 2���
+ 2���

�2+�2−�2 +�2+�2−�2 +�2 +�2 −�2


=
2���

�2+�2 +�2
= 2���

=RHS.
� � �
5. In ∆��� �+� + �+� = �+�+� then prove that � = ��°
1 1 3
Sol: Given that �+� + �+� = �+�+�

�+�+�+� 3
= (�+�)(�+�) = �+�+�

= � + � + 2� � + � + � = 3(� + �)(� + �)

= �2 + �� + �� + �� + �2 + �� + 2�� + 2�� + 2�2 = 3�� + 3�� + 3�� + 3�2

= �2 + �2 + 2�2 + 2�� = 3�� + 3�2

�2+�2 −�2
= �2 + �2 − �2 = �� ∵ cos � =
2��

= 2�� cos � = ��
1
= cos � = 2 = � = 60°
6. In ∆���, if a:b:c=7:8:9, find ��� � : ��� � : ��� �
Sol: Given that a:b:c=7:8:9

Let � = 7�, � = 8�, � = 9�

�2+�2−�2 (8�)2 +(9�)2 −(7�)2


Now, cos � = 2��
=
2(8�)(9�)

64�2 +81�2 −49�2 96�2 2


= 144�2
= 144�2 =
3

�2 +�2 −�2 (7�)2+(9�)2 −(8�)2


cos � = 2��
= 2(7�)(9�)

(7�)2+(9�)2 −(8�)2
= 2(7�)(9�)

49�2 +81�2 −64�2 66�2 11


= 126�2
= 126�2 = 21

�2 +�2−�2 (7�)2 +(8�)2−(9�)2


cos � = =
2�� 2(7�)(8�)

49�2 +64�2 −81�2 32�2 2


= 112�2
= 112�2 =
7

2 11 2 14:11:6
Hence cos � : cos � : cos � = 3 : 21 : 7 = 21
= 14: 11: 6

7. In ∆���Prove that �� + �� + �� − � = ��
Sol: LHS = �1 + �2 + �3 − �

= �1 + �2 + �3 − �
� � � � � � � � � � � �
= 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 + 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + 4� cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 − 4� sin 2 sin 2 sin 2

� � � � � � � � � �
= 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + cos 2 sin 2 + 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 − sin 2 sin 2

� �+� � �+�
= 4� cos 2 sin 2
+ 4� sin 2 cos 2

� � � �
= 4� cos 2 . cos 2 + 4� sin 2 . sin 2

� �
= 4�cos2 2 + 4�sin2 2

� �
= 4� cos2 2 + sin2 2

= 4� 1 = 4� =RHS.

8. Show that � + �� + �� − �� = �� ��� �


Sol : LHS = � + �1 + �2 − �3

= �1 + �2 − �3 − �
� � � � � � � � � � � �
= 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 + 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 − 4� cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 − 4� sin 2 sin 2 sin 2

� � � � � � � � � �
= 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + cos 2 sin 2 − 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 − sin 2 sin 2
� �+� � �+�
= 4� cos 2 sin 2
− 4� sin 2 cos 2

� � � �
= 4� cos 2 . cos 2 − 4� sin 2 . sin 2

� �
= 4�cos2 2 − 4�sin2 2

� �
= 4� cos2 2 − sin2 2 ∵ cos 2� = cos2 � − sin2 �

= 4� cos �

=RHS

� � � � �� +�� +��
9. Show that �� + � � + � � + � �
= ∆�
� � �
1 1 1 1
Sol: LHS = �2 + � 2 + � 2 + � 2
1 2 3

1 1 1 1
= ∆ 2
+ ∆ 2
+ ∆ 2
+ ∆ 2
� �−� �−� �−�

�2 �−� 2 �−� 2 �−� 2


= ∆2 + ∆2
+ ∆2
+ ∆2

�2+ �−� 2 + �−� 2 + �−� 2


= ∆2

�2 + �2 +�2−2�� + �2 +�2−2�� +(�2 +�2 −2��)


= ∆2

4�2 −2� �+�+� +�2 +�2+�2


= ∆2

4�2 −2� 2� +�2 +�2+�2


= ∆2

4�2 −4�2 +�2 +�2+�2


=
∆2

�2 +�2 +�2
= ∆2
=RHS.

� � � � � � ��� ��
10. Prove that �
−� �
−� �
−� = ∆�
= ����
� � �
1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol: LHS = �
−� �
−� �
−�
1 2 3

� �−� � �−� � �−�


= ∆
− ∆ ∆
− ∆ ∆
− ∆

�−�+� �−�+� �−�+�


= ∆ ∆ ∆

� � � ���
= . . = ∆3
=RHS.
∆ ∆ ∆

��� 4�∆ 4� 4� 4�
Also LHS = ∆3
= ∆3
= ∆2
= �� 2 = �2�2 = RHS.
LAQ (7 Marks)
��
1. If � = ��, � = ��, � = �� then show that � = �
, � = �,
��
�� = , �� = ��, �� = ��

Sol: Given that � = 13, � = 14, � = 15

2� = � + � + � = 13 + 14 + 15 = 42 ⇒ 2� = 42 ⇒ � = 21

∆ = �(� − �)(� − �)(� − �)

= 21(21 − 13)(21 − 14)(21 − 15)

= 21x8x7x6

= 7x3x4x2x7x3x2

= 7x4x3

= 84

∆ = 84
��� 13x14x15 65
(i) �=
4∆
=
4x84
=
8
∆ 84
(ii) � = � = 21 = 4
∆ 84 84 21
(iii) �1 = �−� = 21−13 = 8
= 2
∆ 84 84
(iv) �2 = �−� = 21−14 = 7
= 12
∆ 84 84
(v) �3 = �−� = 21−15 = 6
= 14

2. If �� = �, �� = �, �� = � and � = � then Prove that � = �, � = �, � = �.


Sol: Given �1 = 2, �2 = 3, �3 = 6

We have ∆ = ��1 �2 �3 = 1x2x3x6 = 6

∆=6

�=1⇒�=1

6

=1 �=6

�1 = 2 ⇒ �−� = 2

6
6−�
=2

⇒6−�=2


�=3

�2 = 3 ⇒ �−� = 3

6
6−�
=3

⇒6−�=2


�=4

�3 = 6 ⇒ �−� = 6

6
=6
6−�

⇒6−�=1

⇒ c=5
3. In ∆���, if �� = �, �� = ��, �� = �� find a, b, c
Sol: Given �1 = 8, �2 = 12, �3 = 24
1 1 1 1
We have � = � + � + �
1 2 3

1 1 1
= + +
8 12 24

3+2+1
= 24

6
= 24

1 1

=4

∴�=4

Also ∆ = ��1 �2 �3 = 4x8x12x24

= 4x4x2x4x3x6x4

= 4x4x6

= 96

∴ ∆ = 96


We know that � = �

96
4= �

96
�=
4

� = 24

�1 = �−�

96
⇒ 8 = 24−�

⇒ 24 − � = 12

� = 12


�2 = �−�

96
12 = 24−�

24 − � = 8

� = 16


�3 = �−�

96
24 = 24−�

24 − � = 4

� = 20

∴ � = 12, � = 16, � = 20

� �� �
4. If � = � + � ��� �, then show that ��� � = �+�
��� �

Sol: Given that cos � = �+�

We have sin2 � = 1 − cos2 �

� 2
=1− �+�

�+� 2−�2
= �+� 2

(�+�+�)(�+�−�)
= (�+�)2

2�(2�−�−�)
= (�+�)2 [ ∵ � + � + � = 2�
� + � = 2� − �]
2�(2�−2�)
= (�+�)2
4�(�−�)
sin2 � =
(�+�)2

4�(�−�)
sin � = (�+�)2

2 �(�−�)
= �+�

2 �� �(�−�)
=
�+� ��

2 �� �
= �+�
. cos 2

2 �� �
∴ sin � = �+�
. cos 2

MQ.

� � �� �
5. If ��� � = �+�, Then prove that ��� � = �+�
. ��� �

� �� �
6. If � = (� − �) ��� �, Then prove that ��� � �−�
. ��� �.

7. If ��, �� , �� are the altitudes drawn from vertices �, �, � to the opposite sides of a triangle
respectively, Then show that
1 1 1 1
(i) P + P + P = �
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
(ii)P + P − P = �
1 2 3 3
��� 2 8∆3
(iii) P1 P2 P3 = 8�3
=
���
Sol: Area of ∆���
1 1 1
∆ = 2 ��1 = 2 ��2 = 2 ��3

2∆ 2∆ 2∆
⇒ �1 = �
, �2 = �
, �3 = �

1 1 1 1 1 1
(i) P1
+
P2
+
P3
= 2∆ + 2∆ + 2∆
� � �
� � �
= + +
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
�+�+� 2� � 1
= = = =
2∆ ∆ ∆ �
1 1 1 1 1 1
(ii) P1
+P −P = 2∆ + 2∆ − 2∆
2 3
� � �
� � �
= + −
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
�+�−� 2�−�−� 2�−2� �−� 1
= = = = =
2∆ 2∆ 2∆ ∆ �3
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
(iii) P1 P2 P3 = � �
. �
8∆3
=
���
��� 3
8∆3 8 8(���)3
Also ��� = 4�
���
= 64�3(���)
(���)3
= 8�3

� � � ∆
8. Show that ����� � + ����� � + ����� � = � + �
� � �
Sol: LHS = �cos2 2 + �cos2 2 + �cos2 2


= Ʃ�cos2 2

1+cos �
= Ʃ� 2

1
= 2 Ʃ � + � cos �

1
= � + � cos � + � + � cos � + � + � cos �
2

1
= � + � + � + � cos � + � cos � + � cos �
2

1
= 2 [2� + 2� sin � . cos � + 2� sin � . cos � + 2� sin � . cos �

1
= 2 2� + � sin 2� + sin 2� + sin 2�

1 �
= 2� + sin 2� + sin 2� + sin 2�
2 2


=�+ 2 sin � + � cos � − � + sin 2�
2


=�+ 2 sin � . cos � − � + 2 sin � . cos �
2


=�+ 2 sin � cos � − � + cos �
2

= � + � sin � cos � − � + cos �

= � + � sin � cos � − � − cos (� + �)

= � + � sin � 2 sin � . sin �

= � + 2� sin � . sin � . sin �


2�2 sin � . sin � . sin �
=�+


=�+�

= RHS.

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