Maths 1a MLM For 1st Year
Maths 1a MLM For 1st Year
Maths 1a MLM For 1st Year
MATHS
1A
www.tmreis.telangana.gov.in
MATHS-IA BLUEPRINT (For IPE 2020-21 Only)
1. Functions 2 -- 1 11
2. Matrices 2 2 3 33
3. Addition of vectors 2 1 1 15
4. Product of vectors 1 2 2 24
6. Hyperbolic Functions 1 1 -- 06
Total 10 10 10 130
0166
Total No. of Questions - 30 Regd.
Total No. of Printed Pages - 4 No.
Part - III
MATHEMATICS, Paper - IA
(English Version)
MODEL QUESTION PAPER (FOR IPE 2020-21 ONLY)
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 75
Note: This question paper consists of three section A, B and C.
Section - A
Very short answer type questions.
(i) Answer all questions.
(ii) Each question carries 2 marks. 10×2=20
1. If A 0, , , , and F : AB is a surjection defined by f(x) = cos x, then find
6 4 3 2
B.
1
2. Find the domain of the real valued function f x .
log 2 x
2 3 1 1 0 1
3. If A and B then find A+B.
7 8 5 2 4 1
i 0
4. If A , find A2.
0 i
Turn Over
1
7. If a i 2 j 3k and b 3i j 2k then show that a b and a b are perpendicular
to each other.
cos 9º sin 9º
8. Prove that cot 36º .
cos 9º sin 9º
10.
If sinhx = 3, then show that x log e 3 10 .
Section - B
Short answer type questions. 5×4=20
(i) Answer any FIVE questions.
(ii) Each question carries four marks.
1 0 0 1
11. If I and E , then show that (aI + bE)3 = a3I + 3a2bE where ‘I’ is unit
0 1 0 0
matrix of order 2.
1 2 1
12. Show that A 3 2 3 is non-singular and find A–1.
1 1 2
Turn Over
2
A B C s2
19. Prove that cot cot cot .
2 2 2
a 2 bc A
20. If sin then show that cos cos .
b+c b+c 2
Section - C
Long Answer type questions. 5×7=35
(i) Answer any FIVE questions.
(ii) Each question carries seven marks.
21. If f 1, 2 , 2, 3 , 3, 1 then find (i) 2f (ii) 2+f (iii) f2 (iv) f
1 2 1
22. If A 0 1 1 , then find A3 – 3A2 – A – 3I, where I is unit matrix of order 3.
3 1 1
25. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through points 4 i 3 j k , 3 i 7 j 10k
and 2 i 5 j 7 k and show that the point i 2 j 3k lies in the plane.
a b c . Verify whether the cross product is distributive over vector addition.
A B C
29. If cot : cot : cot 3 : 5 : 7 , then show that a:b:c = 6:5:4.
2 2 2
65 21
30. If a = 13, b = 14, c = 15, show that R , r 4, r1 , r2 12 and r3 = 14.
8 2
3
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)
FUNCTIONS
VSAQ (2 Marks)
Also given � � = �2 + � + 1
� −2 = ( − 2)2 + −2 + 1 = 4 − 2 + 1 = 3
� −1 = ( − 1)2 + −1 + 1 = 1 − 1 + 1 = 1
� 0 = (0)2 + 0 + 1 = 1
� 1 = (1)2 + 1 + 1 = 3
� 2 = (2)2 + 2 + 1 = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7
2. � � � �
If � = {�, � , � , � , � } and �: � → � is a surjection defined by � � = ��� �, then find B.
Sol: Given � � = cos �
Now � 0 = cos 0 = 1
� � 3
� 6
= cos 6 = 2
� � 1
� 4
= cos 4 = 2
� � 1
� 3
= cos 3 = 2
� �
� 2
= cos 2 = 0
Since f is a surjection,
� � =�
3 1 1
⇒ � = {1, 2
, 2
, 2 , 0}
�� − �, �>�
3. If � � = �� − �, −� ≤ � ≤ � then find � � , � �. � , � −� , � −� , � � , � −�
�� + �, � <− �
Sol:
(i) � 4 = 3 4 − 2 = 10
(ii) � 2.5 = ��� �������
(iii) � −2 = (−2)2 − 2 = 2
(iv) � −4 = 2 −4 + 1 =− 8 + 1 =− 7
(v) � 0 = 02 − 2 =− 2
(vi) � −7 = 2 −7 + 1 =− 13
= 9�2 + 1 − 6� + 1
= 9�2 − 6� + 2.
(i) ���(�2 + 1)
(ii)���(2)
(iii) ��� 2� − 3
Sol: Given � � = 3� − 1, � � = �2 + 1
= � 3�2 + 2
= 3 3�2 + 2 − 1
= 9�2 + 5.
(ii) ��� 2 = � � 2 = � 22 + 1 = � 5 = 3 5 − 1 = 14
= �[3 2� − 3 − 1]
= �[6� − 10]
= (6� − 10)2 + 1
(i) ���(�)
�+�
(ii)���( �
)
(iii) ���(�)
Sol: Given � � = 4� − 1, � � = �2 + 2
(i) ��� � = � � �
= � 4� − 1
= (4� − 1)2 + 2
= 16�2 + 1 − 8� + 2
= 16�2 − 8� + 3
�+1 �+1
(ii) ��� 4
= �[� 4
]
�+1
= �[4 4
− 1]
= �(� + 1 − 1)
= �(�)
= �2 + 2.
= � 4� − 1
= 4 4� − 1
= 16� − 5.
7. �+�
If � � = �−� then find ����� � , ������� �
�+1
Sol: Given � � = �−1
�+1
= �[� �−1
]
�+1
+1
= �[ �−1
�+1 ]
−1
�−1
�+1+�−1
= �[ �−1
�+1−�+1 ]
�−1
2�
= �( )
2
= �(�)
�+1
=
�−1
�+1
= �[ ]
�−1
�+1
+1
= �−1
�+1
−1
�−1
�+1+�−1
= �−1
�+1−�+1
�−1
2�
= = �.
2
Sol: Let � � = 9 − �2
⇒ −(�2 − 9) ≥ 0
⇒ �2 − 9 ≤ 0
⇒ �2 − 32 ≤ 0
⇒ (� + 3)(� − 3) ≤ 0
⇒ � − −3 [� − 3] ≤ 0
⇒ � ∈ [ − 3, 3]
∵ � − � � − � ≤ 0 ⇒ � ∈ [�, �]
Sol: Given � � = �2 − 25
⇒ �+5 �−5 ≥ 0
⇒ � − −5 [� − 5] ≥ 0
⇒ � ∈ � − ( − 5, 5)
Sol: Let � � = 4� − �2
⇒ −(�2 − 4�) ≥ 0
⇒ �2 − 4� ≤ 0
⇒ �(� − 4) ≤ 0
⇒ (� − 0)(� − 4) ≤ 0
⇒ � ∈ [0, 4] ∵ � − � � − � ≤ 0 ⇒ � ∈ [�, �]
11. Find the domain of
�
�� −� �+�
1
Sol: Let � � = �2 −1 �+3
⇒ (� + 1)(� − 1)(� + 3) ≠ 0
⇒ � ≠− 1 and � ≠ 1 and � ≠− 3
∴ Domain = � − { − 1, 1, − 3}
2+�+ 2−�
Sol: Let � � = �
and 2 + � ≥ 0 ⇒ � ≤ 2______(2)
and � ≠ 0_________________(3)
� ∈ −2, 2 − {0}
Or � ∈ [ − 2, 0) ∪ 0, 2
MQ
⇒ � ∈ ( − ∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞)
[ ∵ � − � � − � > 0 ⇒ � ∈ −∞, � ∪ �, ∞ ]
15. Find the Range of
�� −�
(i) �−�
�� −��
(ii) �−�
�2 −4
Sol: (i) Let � � = �−2
(�+2)(�−2)
Now � � = (�−2)
= (� + 2)
But � 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
∴ Range = � − {4}
�2−�2
(ii) Let � � = �−�
(�+�)(�−�)
Now, � � = (�−�)
=�+�
But � � = � + � = 2�
∴ Range = � − {2�}.
(i) ��
(ii)��
(iii) �+�
(iv) �
Sol: Given � = { 1, 2 , 2, − 3 , 3, − 1 }
(i) Take 2� 1 = 2 � 1 =2 2 =4
2� 2 = 2 � 2 = 2 −3 =− 6
2� 3 = 2 � 3 = 2 −1 =− 2
∴ 2� = { 1, 4 , 2, − 6 , 3, − 2 }
�2 2 = [� 2 ]2 = (−3)2 = 9
�2 3 = [� 3 ]2 = (−1)2 = 1
∴ �2 = { 1, 4 , 2, 9 , 3, 1 }
(iii) Take 2 + � 1 = 2 + � 1 = 2 + 2 = 4
2 + � 2 = 2 + � 2 = 2 − 3 =− 1
∴ 2 + � = { 1, 4 2, − 1 3, 1 }
∴ �= 1, 2 .
(i) � + 4
(ii)��
�
(iii) �
Sol: Given � = 4, 5 5, 6 6, − 4 , � = 4, − 4 6, 5 8, 5
(i) Take � + 4 4 = � 4 + 4 = 5 + 4 = 9
� + 4 5 = � 5 + 4 = 6 + 4 = 10
� + 4 6 = � 6 + 4 =− 4 + 4 = 0
∴ � + 4 = { 4, 9 5, 10 6, 0 }
(ii)Take �� 4 = � 4 � 4 = 5 −4 =− 20
�� 6 = � 6 � 6 = −4 5 =− 20
∴ �� = { 4, − 20 6, − 20 }
� �(4) 5 −5
(iii) Take �
4 =
�(4)
=
−4
=
4
� �(6) −4
�
6 = =
�(6) 5
� −5 −4
∴ = {(4, )(6, )}
� 4 5
��−�
18. Determine the function � � = �( ��+� ) is even or odd.
�� −1
Sol: Given � � = �( ��+1 )
�−� −1
Take � −� =− �( �−� +1 )
1
−1
��
=− �[ 1 ]
+1
��
1−�� ��−1
=− � =� = �(�)
1+�� ��+1
1. If �: � → �, �: � → � are two bijective functions then prove that ���: � → � is a bijective function.
⇒�[� �1 = �[� �2 ]
⇒ �1 = �2 [∵ From (1 ) ]
= �[� � ] [ From(2) ]
= ���(�)
� = ���(�)
2. If �: � → � is a function and �� , �� are two identity functions then prove that ���� = �� �� = �.
i.e., for � ∈ �, �� � = �
���� = �:
We have �� : � → �, �: � → � ⇒ ���� : � → �
Let � ∈ �,
= �(�)
∴ ���� � = �(�)___________(2)
We have �: � → �, �� : � → � ⇒ �� ��: � → �
Let � ∈ �,
Take �� �� � = �� [� � ] [ ∵ �� � = �]
= �(�)
Let � ∈ �,
= ℎ[� � � ]
= (ℎ��)(� � )
= [ ℎ�� ��](�)
Let �1 , �2 ∈ �
Take � �1 = �(�2 )
⇒ 5�1 + 4 = 5�2 + 4
⇒ 5�1 = 5�2
⇒ �1 = �2
∴ � �1 = � �2 ⇒ �1 = �2
⇒ � is one – one._________(1)
Let � ∈ �, � � = �
⇒ 5� + 4 = �
⇒ 5� = � − 4
�−4
⇒�= 5
∈�
�−4
Now, � � = 5 5
+4
= �−4+4
=�
∴ � � = � ⇒ � is onto.________(2)
MQ
��+�
5. If �: � → �defined by � � = �
, verify � � is bijective (or) not.
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)
MATRICES
VSAQ (2 Marks)
� − � �� − � � �
1. If = then find x, y, z and a.
�+� � −� � − �
Sol:
� − 3 2� − 8 5 2
Given that =
�+2 6 −2 � − 4
Equating the corresponding elements, then
y=5
� � � �
2. If A = ,B== and 2X+A=B then find X.
� � � �
Sol:
1 2 3 8
Given that A = ,B=
3 4 7 2
⇒ 2x = B-A
3 8 1 2
⇒ 2x = ̶
7 2 3 4
3−1 8−2
⇒ 2x =
7−3 2−4
2 6
⇒ 2x =
4 −2
1 3
⇒x=
2 −1
� � −�
3. Define trace of a matrix and find the trace of � −� �
� � �
Sol: The sum of the elements in the Principal diagonal of a square matrix is called trace of a matrix.
1 3 −5
Let A = 2 −1 5 Then Tr (A) = 1+ (-1) +1 = 1
1 0 1
�
4. Construct a 3x2 matrix whose elements are given by ��� = � i – 3j
1
Sol: Given that ��� = 2 i – 3j
�11 �12
Take a 3x2 matrix A = �21 �22
�31 �32
1 1 5
Now, �11 = 2 1- 3(1) = 1, �11 =
2
1- 3(2) = 2
1 1 1
�21 = 2 2- 3(1) = 2, �11 = 2 2- 3 (2) = 2
1 1 3
�31 = 2 3 - 3(1) = 0, �32 = 2 3 - 3(2) = 2
5
1 2
1
∴ Required Matrix A = 2
2
3
0 2
� � �
5. If A = , � = � then find ‘k’.
−� �
2 4
Sol: Given that A=
−1 �
�2 = A.A
2 4 2 4
=
−1 � −1 �
2 2 + 4( − 1) 2 4 + 4(�)
=
−1 2 + �( − 1) −1 4 + �(�)
4−4 8 + 4�
=
−2 − � −4 + �2
0 8 + 4� 0 0
Given �2 = 0, Then =
−2 − � −4 + �2 0 0
⇒ 8+4k = 0
⇒ 4k = -8
⇒
k = -2
� −�
6. If A = then find � + �� and ���
−� �
2 −4 2 −5
Sol: Given A = then �� =
−5 3 −4 3
2 −4 2 −5
Now (i) � + �� = +
−5 3 −4 3
4 −9
=
−9 6
2 −4 2 −5
(ii) ��� =
−5 3 −4 3
2 2 + ( − 4)( − 4) 2 −5 + ( − 4)(3)
=
−5 2 + 3( − 4) −5 −5 + 3(3)
4 + 16 −10 − 12 20 −22
= =
−10 − 12 25 + 9 −22 34
−� � �
7. Define symmetric Matrix. If A = � � � is a symmetric then find ‘x’.
� � �
Sol: A square Matrix A is said to be a symmetric if �� = �.
�� = �
−1 2 3 −1 2 3
2 5 � = 2 5 6
3 6 7 3 � 7
x= 6
� � �
8. Define skew – symmetric matrix, if −� � −� is skew – symmetric then find ‘x’.
−� � �
Sol: A square matrix A is said to be skew – symmetric if �� =− �
0 2 1
Given A = −2 0 −2 is skew – symmetric, so
−1 � 0
0 −2 −1 0 −2 −1
�� =− � ⇒ 2 0 � = 2 0 2
1 −2 0 1 −� 0
Clearly
x=2
�� �� ��
9. Find the determinant of �� �� ��
�� �� ��
12 22 32 1 4 9
Sol: Let A = 22 32 42 = 4 9 16
32 42 52 9 16 25
= 176 – 184 = - 8
� � �
10. If � � � = 45 then find ‘x’.
� −� �
1 0 0
Sol: Given 2 3 4 = 45
5 −6 �
⇒ 3x + 24 = 45 ⇒3x = 21 x=7
� �
11. Find the adjoint and inverse of
� −�
1 2 � �
Sol: Let A = =
3 −5 � �
� −�
Adj A =
−� �
−5 −2
= =
−3 1
��� �
∴ �−1 =
det �
1 −5 −2
= −11
−3 1
1 5 2
= 11
3 −1
� � �
12. Find the rank of � � �
� � �
1 1 1
Sol: Let A = 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
So, take a Sub matrix [�1 ] = and ǀ[�1 ] ǀ = 1 – 1 =0
1 1
ǀΑǀ ≠ 0
So
Rank of (A) = 3
� −� �
14. Find the minors of the elements -1, 3 in the Matrix � −� �
−� � �
2 −1 4
Sol: Given Matrix = 0 −2 5
−3 1 3
0 5
Minor of -1 = = 0+15 = 15
−3 3
2 −1
Minor of 3 = = - 4 + 0 = -4
0 −2
SAQ (4 Marks)
� � �
1. If A = � � � then show that�� − �� − �� = �.
� � �
1 2 2
Sol: Given A = 2 1 2
2 2 1
Now �2 = A x A
1 2 2 1 2 2
= 2 1 2 2 1 2
2 2 1 2 2 1
1+4+4 2+2+4 2+4+2
= 2+2+4 4+1+4 4+2+2
2+4+2 4+2+2 4+4+1
9 8 8
= 8 9 8
8 8 9
9 8 8 1 2 2 1 0 0
LHS = �2 − 4� − 5� = 8 9 8 - 4 2 1 2 - 5 0 1 0
8 8 9 2 2 1 0 0 1
9 8 8 4 8 8 5 0 0
= 8 9 8 - 8 4 8 - 0 5 0
8 8 9 8 8 4 0 0 5
9−4−5 8−8−0 8−8−0
= 8−8−0 9−4−5 8−8−0
8−8−0 8−8−0 9−4−5
0 0 0
= 0 0 0 = 0 = RHS
0 0 0
� −� �
2. If A = � � −� then find �� − ��� − � − ��, where I is unit matrix of order 3.
� −� �
1 −2 1
Sol: Given that A = 0 1 −1
3 −1 1
1 −2 1 1 −2 1
Now, �2 = A x A = 0 1 −1 0 1 −1
3 −1 1 3 −1 1
1 − 0 + 3 −2 − 2 − 1 1 + 2 + 1 4 −5 4
2
� = 0 + 0 − 3 0 + 1 + 1 0 − 1 − 1 = −3 2 −2
3 − 0 + 3 −6 − 1 − 1 3 + 1 + 1 6 −8 5
4 −5 4 1 −2 1
�3 = �2 x A = −3 2 −2 0 1 −1
6 −8 5 3 −1 1
4 − 0 + 12 −8 − 5 − 4 4+5+4
= −3 + 0 − 6 6+2+2 −3 − 2 − 2
6 − 0 + 15 −12 − 8 − 5 6+8+ 5
16 −17 13
= −9 10 −7
21 −25 19
16 −17 13 12 −15 12 1 −2 1 3 0 0
Now �3 − 3�2 − � − 3� = −9 10 −7 − −9 6 −6 _ 0 1 −1 _ 0 3 0
21 −25 19 18 −24 15 3 −1 1 0 0 3
0 0 0
=0 0 0 =0
0 0 0
� � � �
3. If I = ,E= then show that (�� + ��)� = �� � + ��� ��.
� � � �
1 0 0 1
I= , E=
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 � 0 0 � � �
�� + �� = � +� = + =
0 1 0 0 0 � 0 0 0 �
� � � � � �
LHS = (�� + ��)3 =
0 � 0 � 0 �
2
=� +0 �� + �� � �
0+0 0 + �2 0 �
3
= �
2
2�� � �
= � +0 �2� + 2�2 � = �3 3�2 �
0 �2 0 � 0+0 0 + �3 0 �3
1 0 0 1
RHS = �3 � + 3�2 �� = �3 + 3�2 �
0 1 0 0
3
= � 0 + 0 3�2 �
0 �3 0 0
3
= � 3�2�
0 �3
∴LHS=RHS.
�
Sol: Given that � − ∅ = 2
�
⇒�=2+∅ Sin 90 + � = ����
Cos 90 + � =− ����
0 0
= = 0 = RHS.
0 0
���� ����
5. If � = then prove that��� = �� � = �.
−���� ����
���� ���� ���� −����
Sol: Given � = then �� =
−���� ���� ���� ����
1 0
= =I
0 1
���� −���� ���� ����
�� � =
���� ���� −���� ����
1 0
= = I.
0 1
∴ ��� = �� � = I.
� � �
6. Show that � = � � � is non-singular and find �−� .
� � �
1 2 1
Sol: Given � = 3 2 3
1 1 2
= 1 - 2(3) + 1
= 1 -6 + 1
= −4 ≠ 0.
∴ A is non-singular.
∴ �−1 exists.
Cofactor matrix =
(4 − 3) (3 − 6) (3 − 2)
Cofactor matrix = (1 − 4) (2 − 1) (2 − 1)
(6 − 2) (3 − 3) (2 − 6)
1 −3 1
= −3 1 1
4 0 −4
1 −3 4
��� � 1
∴�−1 = ����
=
−4
−3 1 0
1 1 −4
−1 3 −4
−1 1
� = 4 3 −1 0
−1 −1 4
� � �
7. If 3A = � � −� then show that �−� = �ˡ
−� � −�
Sol:
1 2 2
Given 3A = 2 1 −2
−2 2 −1
1
1 2 2
A = 2 1 −2
3
−2 2 −1
1
1 2 −2
�ˡ = 2 1 2
3
2 −2 −1
1
1 2 2 1
1 2 −2
Now ��ˡ = 2 1 −2 2 1 2
3 3
−2 2 −1 2 −2 −1
1+4+4 2+2−4 −2 + 4 − 2
1
= 2+2±4 4+1+4 −4 + 2 + 2
9
−2 + 4 − 2 −4 + 2 + 2 4+4+1
1
9 0 0
= 0 9 0
9
0 0 9
1 0 0
=0 1 0 =I
0 0 1
�� �� ��
��� �
1. If A = �� �� �� is a non – singular matrix then Prove that �−� = .
����
�� �� ��
�1 �1 �1
Sol: Given A = �2 �2 �2 is a non – singular matrix ⇒ det A ≠ 0.
�3 �3 �3
�1 �1 �1 �
∴ Adj A = �2 �2 �2
�3 �3 �3
�1 �2 �3
= �1 �2 �3
�1 �2 �3
�1 �1 �1 �1 �2 �3
A (Adj A) = �2 �2 �2 �1 �2 �3
�3 �3 �3 �1 �2 �3
�1 �1 + �1 �1 + �1 �1 �1�2 + �1 �2 + �1 �2 �1 �3 + �1 �3 + �1 �3
= �2 �1 + �2 �1 + �2 �1 �2�2 + �2 �2 + �2 �2 �2 �3 + �2 �3 + �2 �3
�3 �1 + �3 �1 + �3 �1 �3�2 + �3 �2 + �3 �2 �3 �3 + �3 �3 + �3 �3
���� 0 0
= 0 ���� 0
0 0 ����
1 0 0
= ���� 0 1 0
0 0 1
= (����) �
2 −1 3 � 9
1 1 1 � = 6
1 −1 1 � 2
2 −1 3
Now Δ = 1 1 1
1 −1 1
= 4+0-6= −2 ≠ 0.
9 −1 3
�1 = 6 1 1
2 −1 1
= 18+4+-24
= 22-24 = -2
2 9 3
�2 = 1 6 1
1 2 1
= 8-0-12
= −4
2 −1 9
�3 = 1 1 6
1 −1 2
= 16-4-18
= 16-22
= −6
�1 �2 �3
X= ; y= ; z=
Δ Δ Δ
−2 −4 −6
= −2 = −2 = −2
=1 =2 =3
MQ
(ii) � + � + � = 1, 2� + 2� + 3� = 6, � + 4� + 9� = 3
Hints: Δ=− 3, Δ1 =− 21, Δ2 = 30, Δ3 =− 12
Ans: � = 7,� =− 10,� = 4
(iii) � + � + � = 9, 2� + 5� + 7� = 52 2� + � − � = 0
Hints: Δ=− 4 Δ1 =− 4 Δ2 =− 12 Δ3 =− 20
Ans: � = 1,� = 3 � = 5
(iv) � − � + 3� = 5, 4� + 2� − � = 0, −� + 3� + � = 5
Hints: Δ= 50 Δ1 = 0 Δ2 = 50 Δ3 = 100
Ans: � = 0,� = 1,� = 2
4. Solve the Equations �� + �� + �� = ��, �� − � + �� = ��, �� − �� + �� = �� by using Matrix –
Inversion method.
3 4 5 � 18
2 −1 8 � = 13
5 −2 7 � 20
3 4 5 � 18
Where A = 2 −1 8 , X = � , B = 13
5 −2 7 � 20
3 4 5
ǀΑǀ = 2 −1 8
5 −2 7
= 27 +104+5
= 136
≠ 0. So A is invertible.
Cofactor matix =
9 26 1
= −38 −4 26
37 −14 −11
9 −38 37
∴� −1 ����
= ���� = 136
1
26 −4 −14
1 26 −11
We have Ax = B
⇒ x = �−1 B
9 −38 37 18
1
⇒ x = 136 26 −4 −14 13
1 26 −11 20
1
= 136 9(18)-38(13)+37(20)
26(18)-4(13)-14(20)
1(18)+26(13)-11(20)
408
1
= 136 136
136
3
x=1
1
� 3
� = 1
� 1
MQ
5. Solve the system of equations using Matrix – Inversion method.
(i) � + � + � = 9, 2� + 5� + 7� = 52, 2� + � − � = 0.
Ans: � = 1,� = 3,� = 5
(ii) 2� − � + 3� = 8, −� + 2� + � = 4,3� + � − 4� = 0
Ans: � = 2,� = 2,� = 2
(iii) � + � + � = 1, 2� + 2� + 3� = 6,� + 4� + 9� = 3
Ans: � = 7,� =− 10, � = 4
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)
ADDITION OF VECTORS
VSAQ (2 Marks)
1. If � = �� + �� − ��, � = � + � + �, � = � + ��. Find the unit vector in the opposite direction of � + � + �.
� = 2� + 4� − 5�, � = � + � + �, � = � + 2�
∴ � + � + � = 3� + 6� − 2�
−(�+�+�)
The unit vector in the opposite direction of � + � + � is
�+�+�
−(3�+6�−2�)
∴ Required unit vector =
32+62+(−2)2
−(3�+6�−2�)
=
49
−(3�+6�−2�)
7
��+��+�
Ans:
��
2 5 1
�, � are collinear ⇒ = =�
4 �
1 5 1
⇒ = =�
2 �
1 5 1 1
⇒ = ; =�
2 � 2
⇒ � = 10, �=2
∴ � = 10, �=2
MQ
4. If the vectors −�� + �� + ʎ� and �� + �� + �� are collinear, Then find ʎ and �
Ans: � =− �, ʎ=3
5. If �� = � + � + �, �� = �� − �� + �, �� = � + �� − ��, �� = �� + � + �� then find the
vector ��.
�� = �� + �� + �� + ��
= � + � + � + 3� − 2� + � + � + 2� − 2� + (2� + � + 3�)
∴ �� = 7� + 2� + 3�.
6. ABCDE is a Pentagon. If the sum of the Vectors ��, ��, ��, ��, �� and �� is ʎ��, then find the
value of ʎ.
⇒ �� + �� + �� = ʎ��
⇒ 3�� = ʎ��
⇒ ʎ=3
7. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’. Then show t��� �� + �� + �� + �� + �� =
��� = ���.
Sol: �� + �� + �� + �� + ��
= �� + �� + �� + �� + ��
= �� + �� + �� + �� + ��
= �� + �� + ��
= 3��
= 3 2�� = 6��
8. If the position Vectors of the points A, B, C are −�� + � − �, −�� + �� + ��, �� − �� − ���
respectively and �� = ��� then find ‘λ’.
�� = �� − ��
= 4� + 2� + 2� − ( − 2� + � − �)
=− 4� + 2� + 2� + 2� − � + �
=− 2� + � + 3�
�� = �� − ��
= 6� − 3� − 13� − ( − 2� + � − �)
= 6� − 3� − 13� + 2� − � + �
= 8� − 4� − 12�
Also given �� = ʎ ��
⇒ 1 =− 4ʎ
−1
⇒ ʎ=
4
9. Find the Vector equation of the line passing through the point �� + �� + � and parallel to the vector
�� − �� + ��.
Sol: Let � = 2� + 3� + �, � = 4� − 2� + 3�
The Vector equation of the line passing through A(�) and parallel to be � is � = � + ��, � ∈ �.
⇒� = 2� + 3� + � + � 4� − 2� + 3� , � ∈ �.
10. Find the Vector equation of the line passing through the points �� + � + ��, and −�� + �� − �.
� = 1 − � � + ��, � ∈ �
⇒ � = 1 − � 2� + � + 3� + � −4� + 3� − � , � ∈ �.
11. Find the equation of the Plane passing through � − �� + ��, − �� − � and −�� + ��
Equation of the plane passing through the points A(�), B(�), C(�) is
� = 1 − � − � � + �� + ��, �, � ∈ �
⇒ � = 1 − � − � � − 2� + 5� + � −5� − � + � −3� + 5� , �, � ∈ �.
SAQ (4 Marks)
Now �� = �� − �� =− � − � − 4� − 5� − �
=− 4� − 6� − 2�
�� = �� − �� = 3� + 9� + 4� − 4� − 5� − �
=− � + 4� + 3�
�� = �� − �� =− 4� + 4� + 4� − 4� − 5� − �
=− 8� − � + 3�
−4 −6 −2
Now �� �� �� = −1 4 3
−8 −1 3
=− 4 12 + 3 + 6 −3 + 24 − 2(1 + 32)
=− 4 15 + 6 21 − 2(33)
=− 60 + 126 − 66
=0
2. If �, �, � are non – coplanar Vectors, then prove that the four points − � + �� − ��, �� + �� − ��,
−�� + �� − ��, −�� + �� + � are coplanar.
Now,
�� = �� − �� = 3� + 2� − 5� + � − 4� + 3�
= 4� − 2� − 2�
�� = �� − �� =− 3� + 8� − 5� + � − 4� + 3�
=− 2� + 4� − 2�
�� = �� − �� =− 3� + 2� + � + � − 4� + 3�
=− 2� − 2� + 4�
4 −2 −2
Now �� �� �� = −2 4 −2 [ � � �]
−2 −2 4
= [ 4 16 − 4 + 2 −8 − 4 − 2 4 + 8 ] [ � � �]
= [ 4 12 + 2 −12 − 2 12 ] [ � � �]
= [ 48 − 24 − 24 ] [ � � �]
=0[� � �]
=0
4.If the points whose position vectors are �� − �� − �,�� + �� − ��, − � + � + �� and �� + �� + ʎ� are
−���
coplanar, then show that ʎ= ��
.
Now, �� = �� − �� = 2� + 3� − 4� − (3� − 2� − �)
= 2� + 3� − 4� − 3� + 2� + �
=− � + 5� − 3�
�� = �� − �� =− � + � + 2� − (3� − 2� − �)
=− � + � + 2� − 3� + 2� + �
=− 4� + 3� + 3�
�� = �� − �� = 4� + 5� + ʎ� − (3� − 2� − �)
= 4� + 5� + ʎ� − 3� + 2� + �
= � + 7� + (ʎ + 1)�
A, B, C, D are coplannar ⇒ �� �� �� = 0
−1 5 −3
⇒ −4 3 3 =0
1 7 ʎ+1
⇒ −1 3ʎ + 3 − 21 − 5 −4ʎ − 4 − 3 − 3 −28 − 3 = 0
⇒ −1 3ʎ − 18 − 5 −4ʎ − 7 − 3 −31 = 0
⇒ −3ʎ + 18 + 20ʎ + 35 + 93 = 0
⇒ 17ʎ + 146 = 0
⇒ −146
ʎ=
17
4. Show that the line joining the pair of points �� − �� + �� and the line joining the pair of points
− � − �� − ��, � + �� − �� intersects at the point −��.
� = 1 − � 6� − 4� + 4� + � −4� , � ∈ �.________(1)
� = 1 − � � − 2� − 3� + � � + 2� − 5� , � ∈ �._________(2)
� ⇒ 1 − � 6 =− 1 − � + � ⇒ 6 − 6� =− 1 + � + � ⇒ 6� + 2� − 7 = 0______(3)
� ⇒ 1 − � −4 = 1 − � −2 + � 2 ⇒− 4 + 4� =− 2 + 2� + 2�
⇒ 4� − 4� − 2 = 0
⇒ 2� − 2� − 1 = 0_______(4)
� � 1
2 −7 6 2
−2 −1 2 −2
� � 1
−2−14
= −14+6 = −12−4
� � 1
= =
−16 −8 −16
� 1 � 1
−16
= −16 ; −8
= −16
−16 −8
�=
−16
; �=
−16
;
�=1 1
�=
2
∴ Point of intersection (1) ⇒ � = 1 − 1 6� − 4� + 4� + 1( − 4�)
� = 0 + 1( − 4�)
� =− 4�
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)
PRODUCT OF VECTORS
VSAQ (2 Marks)
(�+2�+3�)∙(3�−�+2�)
= �+2�+3� 3�−�+2�
1 3 +2 −1 +3(2)
=
12 +22 +32 32 +(−1)2 +22
3−2+6
=
1+4+9 9+1+4
7 7 1
= = =
14 14 14 2
1
∴ Cos � = 2
� = 60°
2. For what values of ʎ, the vectors �� + ʎ� − � and �� − �� + �� are perpendicular.
Sol: Let � = 2� + ʎ� − �, � = 4� − 2� + 2�
Given that � ⊥ � ⇒ � ∙ � = 0
⇒ 2� + ʎ� − � ∙ 4� − 2� + 2� = 0
⇒ 2 4 + ʎ −2 − 1 2 = 0
⇒ 8 − 2ʎ − 2 = 0
⇒ 6 − 2ʎ = 0
⇒ 2ʎ = 6
⇒
ʎ=3
MQ.
5. If � = �� + �� − ��, � = �� − � + �� then find the angle between the vectors �� + � and � + ��.
Sol: Given that � = 2� + 2� − 3�, � = 3� − � + 2�
= 4� + 4� − 6� + 3� − � + 2�
= 7� + 3� − 4�
� + 2� = 2� + 2� − 3� + 2(3� − � + 2�)
= 2� + 2� − 3� + 6� − 2� + 4�
= 8� + �
(7�+3�−4�)∙(8�+�)
=
(7)2 +(3)2 +(−4)2 (8)2 +(1)2
7 8 +3 0 −4(1)
=
49+9+16 64+1
56−4
=
74 65
52
cos � =
4810
52
∴ � = cos−1 ( )
4810
� � �
�x� = 2 −1 1
1 −3 −5
= � 5 + 3 − � −10 − 1 + �( − 6 + 1)
�x� = 8� + 11� − 5�
∴ �x� = (8)2 + (11)2 + ( − 5)2
= 64 + 121 + 25
= 210.
� � �
Now �x� = 1 1 1
2 1 3
= � 3 − 1 − � 3 − 2 + �(1 − 2)
= 2� − � − �
�x�
∴ Required unit vector =± �x�
(2�−�−�)
=± 6
MQ
8. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the vectors � = �� + �� − �,
� = �� − �� − ��
(��+��−��)
Sol: ± �
9. If �� +
��
�
� + �� is parallel to the vector � + �� + �� then find ‘P’.
2�
Sol: Given vectors 4� + 3
� + �� and � + 2� + 3� are parallel
2�
4 �
So, 1 = 2
3
=
3
4 �
⇒1=3
⇒ � = 12
10. Find the area of the triangle having �� + �� and −�� + �� as two of its sides.
Sol: Let � = 3� + 4�, and � =− 5� + 7�
1
Area of triangle having �, � as its sides is 2 �x�
� � �
Now �x� = 3 4 0
−5 7 0
= � 0 − 0 − � 0 + 0 + �(21 + 20)
= 41�
1
∴ Required Area = 2 �x�
1
= 2 41�
41
=
2
Sq. Units.
MQ.
11. If � = � + �� + ��, � = �� − �� − � are two sides of a triangle, then find its area.
�
Ans: � ��� ��. �����.
12. Find the area of the parallelogram having � = �� − � and � =− � + � as adjacent sides.
Sol: Given that � = 2� − �, � =− � + �
� � �
Now, �x� = 0 1 −1
−1 0 1
= � 2 + 0 − � 0 − 1 + �(0 + 2)
= 2� + � + 2�
= 2 2 + (1)2 + (2)2
= 4 + 1 + 4 = 9 = 3 Sq. Units.
13. Find the volume of Parallelopiped having coterminus edge are � + � + �, � − � and � + �� − �.
Sol: Let � = � + � + �, � = � − �, � = � + 2� − �
1 1 1
Here, � � � = 1 −1 0
1 2 −1
= 1 1 − 0 − 1 −1 − 0 + 1(2 + 1)
=1+1+3
=5
14. Find the volume of Parallelopiped having coterminus edges are �� − ��, � + � − �, �� − �.
[Ans: 4 cubic units]
15.Find the volume of tetrahedron having edges � + � + �, � − � and � + �� + �
Sol: Let � = � + � + �, � = � − �, � = � + 2� + �
1
The volume of the tetrahedron having edges �, �, � is 6 [� � �]
1 1 1
Here, � � � = 1 −1 0
1 2 1
= 1 −1 − 0 − 1 1 − 0 + 1(2 + 1)
=− 1 − 1 + 3
=3−2
=1
1
∴ Volume of the tetrahedron = [� � �]
6
1
= (1)
6
1
= 6 cubic units.
16.Find ʎ in order that the four points � �, �, � , �(�, ʎ, �), �(�, �, − �) and �(�, �, − �) be
coplannar.
Sol: Given points A, B, C, D are coplannar, So �� �� �� = 0.
1 ʎ−2 4
⇒ 1 0 −3 = 0
3 3 −2
⇒ 1 0 + 9 − ʎ − 2 −2 + 9 + 4 3 − 0 = 0
⇒ 9 − ʎ − 2 7 + 12 = 0
⇒ 9 − 7ʎ + 14 + 12 = 0
⇒ −7ʎ + 35 = 0
⇒ 7ʎ = 35 ⇒
∴
ʎ=5
SAQ (4 Marks)
1. If � = �, � = �, � = � and each of �, �, � is perpendicular to the sum of the other two
vectors. Then find the magnitude of � + � + �.
Sol: Given � = 2, � = 3, � = 4
� ⊥ � + � = � ∙ � + � = 0 ⇒ � ∙ � + � ∙ � = 0_________(1)
� ⊥ � + � = � ∙ � + � = 0 ⇒ � ∙ � + � ∙ � = 0_________(2)
� ⊥ � + � = � ∙ � + � = 0 ⇒ � ∙ � + � ∙ � = 0____________(3)
= 4 + 9 + 16 [∵ from (4) ]
2
�+�+� = 29
⇒ � + � + � = 29.
= 2� + 3� + � − 2� − 2� − 2�
= � − �.
�
3. Prove by vector method the angle between any two diagonals of a cube is ���−� ( � ).
Sol: Let '��������' be a cube and
Let �� = �� = �� = 1 Unit
Take �� = �, �� = �, �� = �
Diagonal �� = �� + �� + ��
=�+�+�
Diagonal �� = �� + �� + ��
=�−�+�
��∙��
cos ��, �� = �� ��
(�+�+�)∙(�−�+�)
=
12 +12 +12 12 +(−1)2 +12
1−1+1
=
3 3
1
∴ ��, �� = cos−1 ( )
3
1
∴ Angle between any two diagonals of a cube is cos−1 ( 3 ).
� � �
�x� = 2 1 −1
−1 2 −4
= � −4 + 2 − � −8 − 1 + �(4 + 1)
=− 2� + 9� + 5�
� � �
�x� = −1 2 −4
1 1 1
= � 2 + 4 − � −1 + 4 + �( − 1 − 2)
= 6� − 3� − 3�
= −2 6 + 9 −3 + 5( − 3)
=− 12 − 27 − 15.
=− 54
�� = 2� + 3� − �, �� = � − 2� + 3�, �� = 3� + 4� − 2�, �� = � − 6� + 6�
∴ �� = �� − �� = � − 2� + 3� − (2� + 3� − �)
= � − 2� + 3� − 2� − 3� + �,
=− � − 5� + 4�
�� = �� − �� = 3� + 4� − 2� − (2� + 3� − �)
= 3� + 4� − 2� − 2� − 3� + �
=�+�−�
�� = �� − �� = � − 6� + 6� − (2� + 3� − �)
= � − 6� + 6� − 2� − 3� + �
=− � − 9� + 7�
−1 −5 4
Now, ��, ��, �� = 1 1 −1 [� � �]
−1 −9 −1
= −1 7 − 9 + 5 7 − 1 + 4 −9 + 1 [� � �]
= [ − 1 −2 + 5 6 + 4 −8 ] [� � �]
= [2 + 30 − 32] [� � �] = 0
∴ A, B, C, D are coplannar.
MQ.
6. Prove that the four points �� + �� + �, −(� + �), �� + �� + �� and −�� + �� + �� are coplanar.
LAQ (7 Marks)
1. A line makes angles �� , ��, �� and �� with the diagonals of a cube. Show that ������ + ���� �� +
�
������ + ���� �� =
�
Sol: Let OABCDEFG is a cube
Let �� = �� = �� = �
� 0, 0, � , � �, 0, � , � �, �, 0 , � 0, �, � , �(�, �, �)
�� = �� − �� = �� + �� − �� =− �� + �� + ��
�� = �� − �� = �� + �� − �� = �� + �� − ��
�� = �� − �� = �� + �� − �� = �� − �� + ��
Similarly we get
Now
4
= (1)
3
[∵ �2 + �2 + �2 = 1]
4
=
3
4
∴ cos2 �1 + cos2 �2 + cos2 �3 + cos2 �4 =
3
� = 32 + (1)2 + ( − 1)2 = 9 + 1 + 1 = 11
�x�
The unit vector perpendicular to both � and � is =
�x�
� � �
Now �x� = 4 5 −1
1 −4 5
= � 25 − 4 − � 20 + 1 + �( − 16 − 5)
= 21(� − � − �)
�x� = 21 1 + 1 + 1 = 21 3
21 � (�x� )
The vector perpendicular both � and � and having the magnitude 21 times magnitude of � is =± �x�
21 11x21(�−�−�)
=± 21 3
21 11(�−�−�)
=±
3
7x3x 11(�−�−�)
=± 3
=± 7 3 11(� − � − �)
=± 7 33(� − � − �).
3. G is the centroid ΔABC and �, �, � are the lengths of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Prove that
�� + �� + �� = � ��� + ��� + ��� − �(��)� . Where O is any point.
�� + �� + �� = 3��
Consider
We have �� + �� + �� = 3��
4. �, �, � are three vectors of equal magnitude and each of them is inclined at an angle of ��° to the
others. If � + � + � = �, then find � .
Sol: Given � + � + � = 6
Let � = � = � = �
⇒ 3�2 + 2�2 cos 60° + 2�2 cos 60° + 2�2 cos 60° = 6
⇒ 3�2 + 3�2 = 6
⇒ 6�2 = 6
⇒ �2 = 1 ⇒ � = 1 ⇒ � = 1
� = 4� + 5� − 2� � = � + 3� + 5�
� � �
(i) �x� = 3 −1 2
−1 3 2
= � −2 − 6 − � 6 + 2 + �(9 − 1)
=− 8� − 8� + 8�
� � �
�x� = 4 5 −2
1 3 5
= � 25 + 6 − � 20 + 2 + �(12 − 5)
= 31� − 22� + 7�
� � �
Now �x� x �x� = −8 −8 8
31 −22 7
= � −56 + 176 − � −56 − 248 + �(176 + 248)
= 11 − 39 + 20
= 31 − 39
=− 8
∴ �x� . � − �x� . � = 0 − −8 = 0 + 8 = 8
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)
VSAQ (2 Marks)
1. If ��� � =
−�
�
and � does not lie in the 3rd quadrant, find the value of ��� � , ��� �.
−1
Sol: Given sin � = 3
, lies in 4th quadrant
cos � = 1 − sin2 �
−1 2 1 8 2 2
= 1−( ) = 1− = =
3 9 9 3
2 2
cos �
cot � = sin �
= 3
−1 =− 2 2
3
⇒ 1 + 1 = 2cos2 � + �2
∵ cos2 � + sin2 � = 1
⇒ 2 = 2cos2 � + �2
⇒ �2 = 2(1 − cos2 �)
⇒ �2 = 2sin2 �
⇒ sin2 � + 1 = 2 sin �
⇒ sin2 � − 2 sin � + 1 = 0
⇒ (sin � − 1)2 = 0
⇒ sin � = 1 ⇒ csc � = 1
1
Sol: LHS = cos4 � + 2cos2 � 1 − sec2�
sin2 � = 1 − cos2 �
5. � �� ��
Prove that ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� = �
�� ��
� 3� 5� 7� 9�
Sol: LHS cot 20 . cot 20 . cot 20 . cot 20 . cot 20
=RHS
4 9
⇒ cos ( 5 � + 5 )
2�
Period of cos (�� + �) is �
4 9 2� 10� 5�
∴ Period of cos ( � + ) is 4 = = .
5 5 4 2
5
MQ
�(� + 1)(2� + 1)
∵ 12 + 22 + 32 + ………. . + �2 =
6
�
Period of tan �� is �
�(�+1)(2�+1) � 6�
∴ Period of tan[ ]� is �(�+1)(2�+1) =
6 �(�+1)(2�+1)
6
2� 2
⇒ �
=
3
⇒ � = 3�
⇒ � =± 3�
MQ.
cot 9°+1
= cot 9°−1
cos 9 °
+1
= cos
sin 9°
9°
−1
sin 9°
cos 9 °+sin 9°
cos 9 °+sin 9°
= sin 9°
cos 9 °−sin 9° = cos 9 °−sin 9°
sin 9°
1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol: sin2 82 2 − sin2 22 2 = sin 82 2 + 22 2 . sin 82 2 − 22 2
= sin 105° . sin 60°
∵ sin2 � − sin2 � = sin � + � . sin (� − �)
= sin (90° + 15°) . sin 60°
�+� �
=( � �
)
�
�+ �
= � �
= 5 + 49 + 576
= 5 + 625
= 5 + 25 = 30
Minimum value = � − �2 + �2
= 5 − 72 + ( − 24)2
= 5 − 625 = 5 − 25 =− 20.
MQ.
1 3
Sol: LHS = sin 10° − cos 10°
1 3
2[ cos 10 °− sin 10° ]
= 2 2
sin 10°. cos 10°
2 sin (30°−10°)
=
sin 10° cos 10°
2 sin 20°
=
sin 10° cos 10°
2.2 sin 20
=
2 sin 10° cos 10°
[ ∵ sin 2� = 2 sin � . cos � ]
4 sin 20°
=
sin 20°
= 4 = RHS
SAQ (4 Marks)
1. �
If � + � = ��° then prove that � + ��� � � + ��� � = � and hence deduce that ��� �� � °.
Sol: Given � + � = 45°
⇒ 1 + tan � 1 + tan � = 2
1° 1° 1°
Let � = � = 22 2
⇒ 1 + tan 22 2
1 + tan 22
2
=2
1°
⇒ (1 + tan 22 2 )2 = 2
1° 1°
⇒ 1 + tan 22 2 = 2 ⇒ tan 22 2
= 2−1
MQ
2. If � − � =
��
�
, Then show that � − ��� � � + ��� � = �.
3. ��� �+��� �−�
Prove that ��� �−��� �+� =
�+��� �
��� �
tan �+sec �−1 tan �+sec �−(sec2 �−tan2 �)
Sol: LHS = tan �−sec �+1 = tan �−sec �+1
= sec � + tan �
1 sin �
= cos � + cos �
1+sin �
= cos �
=RHS.
Now, �2 − �2 = (� + �)(� − �)
= 4 tan � . sin �
= 4 tan2 �. sin2 �
= 4 tan2 � − sin2 �
5. � �� �
If � < � < � < � and ��� � + � = �� and ��� (� − �) = � Then find the value of ��� ��.
24 4
Sol: Given that sin � + � = 25 and cos (� − �) = 5
24 −3
tan (� + �) =
7
and tan (� − �) =
4
∴ tan 2� = tan [ � + � + � − � ]
tan (�+�)+tan (�−�)
= 1−tan �+� . tan (�−�)
24 3
−
= 7 4
24 −3
1− ( )
7 4
96−21
75 3
= 28
28+72 = =
100 4
28
� 3� 3� �
= 1 + cos 10 1 + cos
10
[1 + cos � − 10 ][1 + cos � − 10
� 3� 3� �
= 1 + cos 1 + cos 10 1 − cos 10 1 − cos
10 10
� 3�
= 1 − cos2 10 1 − cos2
10
� 3�
= sin2 . sin2
10 10
� 3�
= (sin 10 . sin 10 )2
5−1 5+1 2
=( . )
4 4
5−1 2
=( 16
)
1
=( 4 )2
=1/16 =RHS
7. Prove that � + ��� �
�
� + ���
��
�
� + ���
��
�
� + ���
��
�
=
�
�
8. �
Prove that ���� � + ����
��
�
+ ����
��
�
+ ����
��
�
=�
�
� 3� 5� 7�
Sol: LHS = sin4 8 + sin4 8
+ sin4 8
+ sin4
8
� 3� 3� �
= sin4 + sin4 + sin4 � − 8
+ sin4 � −
8 8 8
� 3� 3� �
= sin4 8 + sin4 8
+ sin4 8
+ sin4 8
� 3�
= 2 sin4 8 + sin4 8
� � �
= 2 sin4 8 + sin4 −8
2
� �
= 2 sin4 8 + cos4 8
� � 2
=2 sin2 + cos2
8 8
� � 2 � �
=2 sin2 + cos2 − 2sin2 . cos2
8 8 8 8
� �
= 2 1 − 2sin2 8 . cos2 8
∵ �2 + �2 = � + � 2 − 2��
sin 2� = 2 sin � . cos �
� � 2
= 2 − 2 sin 8 . cos 8
2� 2
= 2 − sin 8
� 2
= 2 − sin 4
1 2
=2− 2
1 3
= 2 − 2 = 2 =RHS
MQ.
10. If A is not an integral multiple of �, Then prove that ��� � . ��� �� . ��� �� . ��� �� = ��
��� ���
��� �
Sol: LHS = cos � . cos 2� . cos 4� . cos 8�
1
= 2 sin � 2 sin � . cos � cos 2� . cos 4� . cos 8�
1
= 2.2 sin � 2 sin 2� . cos 2� . cos 4� . cos 8�
1
= 2.4 sin � 2 sin 4� . cos 4� . cos 8�
1
= sin 8� . cos 8�
8 sin �
1 1
= 2.8 sin � 2 sin 8� . cos 8� = 16 sin � sin 16�
sin 16�
= 16 sin � =RHS
11. If �, �, � are non – zero real numbers and �, � are the solutions of the equation
� ��� � + � ��� � = � then show that
���
(i) ��� � + ��� � = ��+��
�� −��
(ii) ��� � . ��� � = ��+��
Sol: Given equation is � cos � + � sin � = �
� cos � = � − � sin �
�2 cos2� = (� − � sin � )2
�+� �−�
sin � − sin � = 2 cos sin
2 2
2�+2� 2�−2�
= 2 cos 2
sin 2
+ sin 2� �+�+�=�
= 2 cos � + � sin � − � + sin 2� �+�=�−�
=− 2 cos � . sin � − � + 2 sin � cos �
∵ cos � + � =
= 2 cos � sin � − sin � − � − cos �
= 2 cos � sin � + � − sin � − �
sin � = sin � + �
= 2 cos � sin � cos � + cos � sin � − sin � cos � − cos � sin �
sin 2�
= 2 cos � 2 cos � . sin �
= 2 sin � cos �
= 4 cos � sin � cos � =RHS.
MQ
�+� �−�
cos � + cos � = 2 cos cos
2 2
2�+2� 2�−2�
= 2 cos 2
cos 2
+ cos 2�
= RHS.
MQ.
� + �) �−�
sin � + sin � = 2 sin cos
2 2
�+�) �−�
= 2 sin 2
cos 2
− sin �
∵ � + � + � = 180°
�+� �
= 90° −
2 2
� + �) � �
sin = sin 90 − = cos ; sin 2� = 2 sin � . cos �
�
2 �−� � �
2 2
= 2 cos 2 . cos 2
− 2 sin 2 . cos 2
� �−� �
= 2 cos 2 cos − sin
2 2
� �−� �+�
= 2 cos cos 2
− cos 2
2
� � � � � � � � �
= 2 cos 2 cos 2 . cos 2 + sin 2 . sin 2 − cos 2 . cos 2 − sin 2 . sin 2
� � �
= 2 cos 2 sin . sin
2 2 2
� � �
= 4 sin . sin . cos =RHS
2 2 2
MQ.
� � �
Sol: LHS = sin2 2 + sin2 2 − sin2 2
� � �−�
= sin2 2 + cos 2 sin 2
� � �−�
= 1 − cos2 2 + cos 2 . sin 2
� � �−�
= 1 − cos 2 cos 2 − sin 2
� �+� �−�
= 1 − cos 2 sin 2
− sin
2
� � � � �
= 1 − cos 2 sin 2
+
2
− sin
2
−
2
� � � � � � � � �
= 1 − cos 2 sin 2 . cos 2 + cos 2 sin 2 − sin 2 cos 2 − cos 2 sin 2
� � �
= 1 − cos 2 cos sin
2 2 2
� � �
= 1 − 2 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 = RHS
MQ.
∵ if A + B + C = π ⇒ A + B = π − C
�+� �+� �+� �−�
=− 2 sin 4
��� 4
+ 2 ��� 4
��� 4
� � � �
�+� + −
=− sin2 42
+ 2 cos 2 2
cos 2 2
2 2
�+� � �
=− sin 2
+ cos + cos
2 2
�+� �−�
∵ 2 cos 2
cos 2
= cos � + cos �
� � �
=− cos + cos + cos
2 2 2
� � �
= cos + cos − cos =LHS
2 2 2
MQ
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
VSAQ (2 Marks)
�
1. If ��� �� = � then find ��� �(��) and ��� �(��).
3
Sol: Given sin ℎ� = 4 then
cos ℎ� = 1 + sin ℎ2 �
3 2 9 16+9 25 5
= 1+ 4
= 1+ = = =4
16 16 16
�
2. If ��� �� = � then find
(i) ��� � (��)
(ii)��� �(��)
5
Sol: Given cos ℎ� = then sin ℎ� =
2
cos ℎ2 � − 1
5 2
= 2
−1
25−4 21
= 4
=± 2
5 2
(i) cos ℎ (2�) = 2cos ℎ2 � − 1 = 2 2
−1
25
=2 4
−1
25
= 2
−1
23
= 2
(ii) sin ℎ(2�) = 2 sin ℎ� . cos ℎ�
21 5
= 2. ± .
2 2
5 21
=± 2
�
3. Prove that ��� �� − ��� �� = ��� � �� − ��� �(��)
Sol: LHS = cos ℎ� − sin ℎ� �
�� +�−� �� −�−� �
= −
2 2
2�−� �
= 2
= (�−� )� = �−��
2�−��
= 2
= �−��
∴ LHS = RHS
�� +�−� 2 �� −�−� 2
= 2
− 2
4
=
4
=1
=RHS
= cos ℎ 2� (1)
= cos ℎ 2�
�� .�� +�� .�−� −�−� .�� −�−� .�−� �� .�� −�� .�−� +�−� .�� −�−� .�−�
= 4
− 4
�� .�� +�� .�−� −�−� .�� −�−� .�−� −�� .�� +�� .�−� −�−� .�� +�−� .�−�
=
4
MQ.
2
�� −�−�
1+ � −� �� −�−�
� +�
= 2 ∵ tan ℎ� = �� +�−�
�� −�−�
1− � −�
� +�
�2� +�−2�
=
2
= cosh 2� =LHS.
MQ.
���� �+���� �
9. Prove that ���� (� + �) = �+���� � . ���� �
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
TELANGANA MINORITIES RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY (TMREIS)
PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
SAQ (4 Marks)
� � � ��
1. Prove that ��� � + ��� � + ��� � = ∆
� � �
Sol: LHS = cot 2 + cot 2 + cot 2
�
= �−�+�−�+�−�
∆
�
= 3� − � + � + �
∆
�
= ∆ 3� − 2� ∵ a + b + c = 2S
�
= ∆ (�)
�2
= ∆
=RHS.
� � � ��+��+��−��
2. Prove that ��� � + ��� � + ��� � = ∆
.
� � �
Sol: LHS = tan 2 + tan 2 + tan 2
∆ ∆ ∆
= �(�−�) + �(�−�) + �(�−�)
∆ 1 1 1
= + +
� �−� �−� �−�
∆
= �(�−�)(�−�)(�−�) 3�2 − 2� � + � + � + �� + �� + ��
∆
= ∆2 3�2 − 2� 2� + �� + �� + ��
1
= ∆ 3�2 − 4�2 + �� + �� + ��
��+��+��−�2
= ∆
=RHS.
�� +�� +��
3. Prove that ��� � + ��� � + ��� � = �∆
Sol: LHS = cot � + cot � + cot �
cos � cos � cos �
= sin �
+ sin � + sin �
�
= ��� �2 + �2 − �2 + �2 + �2 − �2 + �2 + �2 − �2
� ���
= 4�∆ (�2 + �2 + �2 ) ∵∆=
4�
�2 +�2+�2
= 4∆
=RHS.
= 2��
�
+ 2��
�
+ 2��
�
�2+�2 +�2
= 2���
=RHS.
� � �
5. In ∆��� �+� + �+� = �+�+� then prove that � = ��°
1 1 3
Sol: Given that �+� + �+� = �+�+�
�+�+�+� 3
= (�+�)(�+�) = �+�+�
= � + � + 2� � + � + � = 3(� + �)(� + �)
�2+�2 −�2
= �2 + �2 − �2 = �� ∵ cos � =
2��
= 2�� cos � = ��
1
= cos � = 2 = � = 60°
6. In ∆���, if a:b:c=7:8:9, find ��� � : ��� � : ��� �
Sol: Given that a:b:c=7:8:9
(7�)2+(9�)2 −(8�)2
= 2(7�)(9�)
2 11 2 14:11:6
Hence cos � : cos � : cos � = 3 : 21 : 7 = 21
= 14: 11: 6
7. In ∆���Prove that �� + �� + �� − � = ��
Sol: LHS = �1 + �2 + �3 − �
= �1 + �2 + �3 − �
� � � � � � � � � � � �
= 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 + 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + 4� cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 − 4� sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
� � � � � � � � � �
= 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + cos 2 sin 2 + 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 − sin 2 sin 2
� �+� � �+�
= 4� cos 2 sin 2
+ 4� sin 2 cos 2
� � � �
= 4� cos 2 . cos 2 + 4� sin 2 . sin 2
� �
= 4�cos2 2 + 4�sin2 2
� �
= 4� cos2 2 + sin2 2
= 4� 1 = 4� =RHS.
= �1 + �2 − �3 − �
� � � � � � � � � � � �
= 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 + 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 − 4� cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 − 4� sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
� � � � � � � � � �
= 4� cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + cos 2 sin 2 − 4� sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 − sin 2 sin 2
� �+� � �+�
= 4� cos 2 sin 2
− 4� sin 2 cos 2
� � � �
= 4� cos 2 . cos 2 − 4� sin 2 . sin 2
� �
= 4�cos2 2 − 4�sin2 2
� �
= 4� cos2 2 − sin2 2 ∵ cos 2� = cos2 � − sin2 �
= 4� cos �
=RHS
� � � � �� +�� +��
9. Show that �� + � � + � � + � �
= ∆�
� � �
1 1 1 1
Sol: LHS = �2 + � 2 + � 2 + � 2
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
= ∆ 2
+ ∆ 2
+ ∆ 2
+ ∆ 2
� �−� �−� �−�
�2 +�2 +�2
= ∆2
=RHS.
� � � � � � ��� ��
10. Prove that �
−� �
−� �
−� = ∆�
= ����
� � �
1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol: LHS = �
−� �
−� �
−�
1 2 3
� � � ���
= . . = ∆3
=RHS.
∆ ∆ ∆
��� 4�∆ 4� 4� 4�
Also LHS = ∆3
= ∆3
= ∆2
= �� 2 = �2�2 = RHS.
LAQ (7 Marks)
��
1. If � = ��, � = ��, � = �� then show that � = �
, � = �,
��
�� = , �� = ��, �� = ��
�
2� = � + � + � = 13 + 14 + 15 = 42 ⇒ 2� = 42 ⇒ � = 21
= 21x8x7x6
= 7x3x4x2x7x3x2
= 7x4x3
= 84
∆ = 84
��� 13x14x15 65
(i) �=
4∆
=
4x84
=
8
∆ 84
(ii) � = � = 21 = 4
∆ 84 84 21
(iii) �1 = �−� = 21−13 = 8
= 2
∆ 84 84
(iv) �2 = �−� = 21−14 = 7
= 12
∆ 84 84
(v) �3 = �−� = 21−15 = 6
= 14
∆=6
∆
�=1⇒�=1
6
�
=1 �=6
∆
�1 = 2 ⇒ �−� = 2
6
6−�
=2
⇒6−�=2
⇒
�=3
∆
�2 = 3 ⇒ �−� = 3
6
6−�
=3
⇒6−�=2
⇒
�=4
∆
�3 = 6 ⇒ �−� = 6
6
=6
6−�
⇒6−�=1
⇒ c=5
3. In ∆���, if �� = �, �� = ��, �� = �� find a, b, c
Sol: Given �1 = 8, �2 = 12, �3 = 24
1 1 1 1
We have � = � + � + �
1 2 3
1 1 1
= + +
8 12 24
3+2+1
= 24
6
= 24
1 1
�
=4
∴�=4
= 4x4x2x4x3x6x4
= 4x4x6
= 96
∴ ∆ = 96
∆
We know that � = �
96
4= �
96
�=
4
� = 24
∆
�1 = �−�
96
⇒ 8 = 24−�
⇒ 24 − � = 12
� = 12
∆
�2 = �−�
96
12 = 24−�
24 − � = 8
� = 16
∆
�3 = �−�
96
24 = 24−�
24 − � = 4
� = 20
∴ � = 12, � = 16, � = 20
� �� �
4. If � = � + � ��� �, then show that ��� � = �+�
��� �
�
Sol: Given that cos � = �+�
� 2
=1− �+�
�+� 2−�2
= �+� 2
(�+�+�)(�+�−�)
= (�+�)2
2�(2�−�−�)
= (�+�)2 [ ∵ � + � + � = 2�
� + � = 2� − �]
2�(2�−2�)
= (�+�)2
4�(�−�)
sin2 � =
(�+�)2
4�(�−�)
sin � = (�+�)2
2 �(�−�)
= �+�
2 �� �(�−�)
=
�+� ��
2 �� �
= �+�
. cos 2
2 �� �
∴ sin � = �+�
. cos 2
MQ.
� � �� �
5. If ��� � = �+�, Then prove that ��� � = �+�
. ��� �
� �� �
6. If � = (� − �) ��� �, Then prove that ��� � �−�
. ��� �.
7. If ��, �� , �� are the altitudes drawn from vertices �, �, � to the opposite sides of a triangle
respectively, Then show that
1 1 1 1
(i) P + P + P = �
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
(ii)P + P − P = �
1 2 3 3
��� 2 8∆3
(iii) P1 P2 P3 = 8�3
=
���
Sol: Area of ∆���
1 1 1
∆ = 2 ��1 = 2 ��2 = 2 ��3
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
⇒ �1 = �
, �2 = �
, �3 = �
1 1 1 1 1 1
(i) P1
+
P2
+
P3
= 2∆ + 2∆ + 2∆
� � �
� � �
= + +
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
�+�+� 2� � 1
= = = =
2∆ ∆ ∆ �
1 1 1 1 1 1
(ii) P1
+P −P = 2∆ + 2∆ − 2∆
2 3
� � �
� � �
= + −
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
�+�−� 2�−�−� 2�−2� �−� 1
= = = = =
2∆ 2∆ 2∆ ∆ �3
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
(iii) P1 P2 P3 = � �
. �
8∆3
=
���
��� 3
8∆3 8 8(���)3
Also ��� = 4�
���
= 64�3(���)
(���)3
= 8�3
� � � ∆
8. Show that ����� � + ����� � + ����� � = � + �
� � �
Sol: LHS = �cos2 2 + �cos2 2 + �cos2 2
�
= Ʃ�cos2 2
1+cos �
= Ʃ� 2
1
= 2 Ʃ � + � cos �
1
= � + � cos � + � + � cos � + � + � cos �
2
1
= � + � + � + � cos � + � cos � + � cos �
2
1
= 2 [2� + 2� sin � . cos � + 2� sin � . cos � + 2� sin � . cos �
1
= 2 2� + � sin 2� + sin 2� + sin 2�
1 �
= 2� + sin 2� + sin 2� + sin 2�
2 2
�
=�+ 2 sin � + � cos � − � + sin 2�
2
�
=�+ 2 sin � . cos � − � + 2 sin � . cos �
2
�
=�+ 2 sin � cos � − � + cos �
2
∆
=�+�
= RHS.