Cheatsheets / Wireframing, Java Variables, and Android Studio
Variables
boolean Data Type
In Java, the boolean primitive data type is used to store a
value, which can be either true or false . boolean result = true;
boolean isMarried = false;
Strings
A String in Java is a Object that holds multiple characters.
It is not a primitive datatype. // Creating a String variable
A String can be created by placing characters between a String name = "Bob";
pair of double quotes ( " ).
To compare Strings, the equals() method must be used // The following will print "false"
instead of the primitive equality comparator == .
because strings are case-sensitive
System.out.println(name.equals("bob"));
int Data Type
In Java, the int datatype is used to store integer values.
This means that it can store all positive and negative int num1 = 10; // positive value
whole numbers and zero. int num2 = -5; // negative value
int num3 = 0; // zero value
int num4 = 12.5; // not allowed
char Data Type
In Java, char is used to store a single character. The
character must be enclosed in single quotes. char answer = 'y';
Primitive Data Types
Java’s most basic data types are known as primitive data
types and are in the system by default. int age = 28;
The available types are as follows:
char grade = 'A';
● int
● char boolean late = true;
● boolean
byte b = 20;
● byte
● long
long num1 = 1234567;
● short
● double
short no = 10;
● float
float k = (float)12.5;
null is another, but it can only ever store the value
null . double pi = 3.14;
Static Typing
In Java, the type of a variable is checked at compile time.
This is known as static typing. It has the advantage of int i = 10; // type is int
catching the errors at compile time rather than at char ch = 'a'; // type is char
execution time.
Variables must be declared with the appropriate data
j = 20; // won't compile, no
type or the program will not compile.
type is given
char name = "Lil"; // won't compile,
wrong data type
final Keyword
The value of a variable cannot be changed if the variable
was declared using the final keyword. // Value cannot be changed:
Note that the variable must be given a value when it is final double PI = 3.14;
declared as final . final variables cannot be changed;
any attempts at doing so will result in an error message.
double Data Type
The double primitive type is used to hold decimal values.
double PI = 3.14;
double price = 5.75;
Math Operations
Basic math operations can be applied to int , double
and float data types: int a = 20;
int b = 10;
● + addition
● - subtraction int result;
● * multiplication
result = a + b; // 30
● / division
● % modulo (yields the remainder) result = a - b; // 10
These operations are not supported for other data types.
result = a * b; // 200
result = a / b; // 2
result = a % b; // 0
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators can be used to compare two
values: int a = 5;
int b = 3;
● > greater than
● < less than boolean result = a > b;
● >= greater than or equal to // result now holds the boolean value true
● <= less than or equal to
● == equal to
● != not equal to
They are supported for primitive data types and the result
of a comparison is a boolean value true or false .
Compound Assignment Operators
Compound assignment operators can be used to change
and reassign the value of a variable using one line of int number = 5;
code. Compound assignment operators include += , -= ,
*= , /= , and %= . number += 3; // Value is now 8
number -= 4; // Value is now 4
number *= 6; // Value is now 24
number /= 2; // Value is now 12
number %= 7; // Value is now 5
Increment and Decrement Operators
The increment operator, ( ++ ), can increase the value of
a number-based variable by 1 while the decrement int numApples = 5;
operator, ( -- ), can decrease the value of a variable by numApples++; // Value is now 6
1 .
int numOranges = 5;
numOranges--; // Value is now 4
Order of Operations
The order in which an expression with multiple operators
is evaluated is determined by the order of operations:
parentheses -> multiplication -> division -> modulo ->
addition -> subtraction.
