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Laboratory Assignments On Experiment 5: Design of The KHN/universal Filter (High-Pass, Band-Pass and Low-Pass)

The document provides instructions for a laboratory assignment to design a universal filter circuit that can function as a high-pass, band-pass, or low-pass filter depending on where the output is taken. Students are asked to draw the circuit in LTSpice, choose component values to realize the filter with a center frequency fo of 10 kHz and Q of 2 or 1, and plot magnitude and phase responses to analyze the filter behavior and compare to theory. They are also asked discussion questions about deriving the transfer functions, effects of finite op-amp bandwidth, and how selectivity changes with Q-factor.

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Sanjana Verma
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543 views3 pages

Laboratory Assignments On Experiment 5: Design of The KHN/universal Filter (High-Pass, Band-Pass and Low-Pass)

The document provides instructions for a laboratory assignment to design a universal filter circuit that can function as a high-pass, band-pass, or low-pass filter depending on where the output is taken. Students are asked to draw the circuit in LTSpice, choose component values to realize the filter with a center frequency fo of 10 kHz and Q of 2 or 1, and plot magnitude and phase responses to analyze the filter behavior and compare to theory. They are also asked discussion questions about deriving the transfer functions, effects of finite op-amp bandwidth, and how selectivity changes with Q-factor.

Uploaded by

Sanjana Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Laboratory Assignments on Experiment 5: Design of the

KHN/universal filter (high-pass, band-pass and low-pass)

 General Instructions:
1. Download and install LTSpice from the following Link:
https://www.analog.com/en/design-center/design-tools-and-calculators/ltspice-simulator.html
2. Plan to attend the laboratory after reading the necessary theory. You will asked few basic
questions before starting the experiments. After finishing the experiment, get it evaluated by
assigned TA.
3. Submit soft copy of the reports in Moodle within one week.

 Objective: To design and universal/KHN filter that gives the high-pass filter, band-pass filter and low-pass
filter from the same structure.

 Theory:- Figure 1 shows the architecture of a KHN/state variable filter. In this biquadratic transfer
function has been realized using the integrators. The generalized transfer function of a high pass filter is
given by the equation where  = (1+ ) , , Q =

. Similarly, in order to get the band pass filter, output has to be taken from i.e.,

. For low pass filter . Therefore it is also known as the

universal filter.

Figure 1.
 Simulation Assignment:

1. Draw neatly the above circuit in LTSpice. All the components should be chosen as ideal. Attach the
screen-shot of the schematic after entering your Name and Roll No as a text on it. Please see the
reference example below.
2. Design the above mentioned KHN circuit with appropriate value of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, C1 and C2
such that the fO =ω0/2π= 10 kHz and Q = 2. No two students should have the same value of
components.
a. Plot the magnitude and phase plots at VO, which is the output of the HPF. From the plot,
note down the frequency where the total phase shift is 90O from the initial phase. Report
the high frequency gain and compare with theoretical value.

b. Plot the magnitude and phase plots at VY, which is the output of the LPF. From the plot, note
down the frequency where the total phase shift is 90O from the initial phase. Report the low
frequency gain and compare with theoretical value.
c. Plot the magnitude and phase plots at VX, which is the output of the BPF. From the plot, note
down the frequency where the total phase shift is 90O from the initial phase.

3. Repeat step 2 for fO = 10 kHz and Q = 1. Plot the magnitude and phase plots of the realized
HPF/LPF/BPF. From the plot, note down the frequency where phase shift is 90O.

Discussions:-
1) Derive the transfer function , and with respect to the Figure 1.
2) If the op-amp has a finite bandwidth, how the different filter characteristics (high-pass, low-
pass, and band-pass) get affected?
3) Comment on how the frequency selectivity changes with Q-factor.

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