VOCABULARY

TOPIC:
THINKING
 Assess (v) đánh giá  ideology (n) tư tưởng học
 assume (v) giả định  ingenious (adj) khéo léo
 baffle (v) làm hỏng  intuition (n) trực quác
 biased (adj) thiên vị  justify (v) biện minh
 concentrate (v) tập  native (adj) tự nhiên
 trung consider (v) cân nhắc  notion (n) khái niệm
 contemplate (v) ngắm  optimistic (adj) lạc quan
 cynical (adi) hoài nghi  paradox (n) nghịch lý
 deduce (v) suy luận  pessimistic (adj) bi quan
 deliberate (v) thong thả  plausible (adj) có vẻ hợp lí
 dilemma (n) lưỡng tự, tình trạng khó xử  ponder (v) suy ngẫm
 discriminate (v) phân biệt  prejudiced (adj) thành kiến
 dubious (adj) mơ hồ  presume (v) phỏng đoán
 estimate (v, n) ước tính  query (v, n)truy vấn
 gather (v) thu thập, gom  reckon (v) tính toán
 grasp (v) chiếm lấy  reflect (v) phản chiếu
 guesswork (n) phỏng đóan  speculate (v) suy đoán
 hunch (n) linh cảm  suppose (v) giả sử

LEARNING
 conscientious (adj) tận tâm  intellectual (n, adj) trí thức
 cram (v) nhồi nhét  intensive (adj) chuyên sâu
 curriculum (n) chương trình GD  mock exam (n, phr) kỳ thi thử
 ignorant (adj) dốt  plagiarise (v) đạo văn
 inattentive (adj) không chú ý

MEANINGS IN ENGLISH
o assess (v) to carefully consider a situation, person or problem in order to make a judgment: We tried to
assess his suitability for the job. assess (v) to calculate what something costs or is worth: Our agent will
assess the value of your property.
o assume (v) to believe that something is true, even though no one has told you or even though you have no
proof: Everyone accepted she was telling the truth, although in fact this was quite a lot to assume.
o baffle (v) if a problem, someone's behaviour, etc baffles you, you cannot understand it or solve it: Detectives
remain baffled by these murders.
o biased (adj) preferring one person, thing or idea to another in a way
o that is unfair: It was a biased report.
o concentrate (v) to give all your attention to the thing you are doing: I was sleeping badly and finding it hard
to concentrate.
o consider (v) to think about something carefully before making a
o decision or developing an opinion: She paused and considered for a moment.
o consider (v) to have a particular opinion about someone or something: They consider it inevitable that some
jobs will be lost.
o contemplate (v) to consider doing something in the future: I'm contemplating retirement next year.
o contemplate (v) to think very carefully about something for a long time: I haven't got time to sit around
contemplating the meaning of life.
o cynical (adj) someone who is cynical believes that people care only about themselves and are not sincere or
honest, or expects things not to be successful or useful: I know that some of you are very cynical about the
proposals.
o deduce (v) to know something as a result of considering the information or evidence that you have: Finding
fossils far inland, he deduced that the area had once been covered by water.
o deliberate (v) to think about or discuss something very carefully,
o especially before you make an important decision: The judges
o deliberated for an hour before choosing the winner. dilemma (n) a situation in which you have to make a
difficult decision: I'm in a dilemma over whether to tell him or not.
o discriminate (v) to treat someone unfairly because of their religion, race or other personal features:
Employers are not allowed to discriminate on the basis of gender.
o discriminate (v) to recognise the difference between things: Long-range missile attacks simply cannot
discriminate between military and civilian targets.
o dubious (adj) not completely good, safe or honest: The story seemed a bit dubious to me.
o dubious (adj) not sure about the truth or quality of something, or whether you should do something: I'm
very dubious about his ability to do the job.
o estimate (n) an amount that you guess or calculate using the information available: According to official
estimates, over 25% of carbon emissions come from the United States.
o estimate (n) a statement telling a customer how much money you will charge if they employ you to do a
particular piece of work: The committee are currently getting estimates for repairs to the stonework.
o estimate (v) to say what you think an amount or value will be, either by guessing or by using available
information to calculate it: It's difficult to estimate the cost of making your house safe.
o faith (n) strong belief in or trust of someone or something: I'm delighted to know you have such faith in me.
o gather (v) to believe that something is true, although no one has directly told you about it: You're new here, I
gather.
o genius (n) someone who is much more intelligent or skilful than other people: She was a mathematical
o genius (n) a very high level of skill or ability: Baking allows you to show your creative genius.
o grasp (v) to understand something: He was finding it difficult to grasp the rules of the game.
o guesswork (n) the process of trying to find the answer to something by guessing, or the answer found by
using this method: It was a theory based on pure guesswork.
o hunch (n) a feeling that something is true or will happen, although you do not know any definite facts about
it: I've got a hunch there'll be an election soon.
o ideology (n) a system of ideas and principles on which a political or economic theory is based: State control is
a fundamental aspect of Marxist ideology.
o ingenious (adj) an ingenious plan, piece of equipment, etc uses new and clever ideas: This is an ingenious
device for opening bottles.
o inspiration (n) a sudden feeling of enthusiasm or a new idea that helps you to do or create something:
Dreams are a rich source of inspiration for some writers.
o intuition (n) an ability to know or understand something through your feelings, rather than by considering
facts or evidence: Archaeologists often use their intuition to decide where to dig. justify (v) to show that
there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong: You'll be
expected to justify your actions.
o naïve (adj) a naïve person lacks experience of life and tends to trust other people and believe things too
easily: I was a naïve 17-year-old at the time.
o notion (n) an idea or understanding of something: I haven't the faintest notion what you're talking about.
o optimistic (adj) someone who is optimistic is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things
will happen: She said that she was optimistic about the future of the company.
o optimistic (adj) based on beliefs that are too confident: That's a very optimistic assessment of the overall
situation.
o paradox (n) a person, thing or situation that is strange because they have features or qualities that do not
normally exist together: We get this apparent paradox of people migrating to an area that has very high
unemployment.
o pessimistic (adj) someone who is pessimistic is not hopeful about the future and tends to expect that bad
things will happen: She said that she was pessimistic about the future of the company.
o pessimistic (adj) thinking that the worst thing will happen in every situation: That's a very pessimistic
assessment of the overall situation.
o plausible (adj) likely to be true, honest or suitable: A bomb was the only plausible explanation for the crash.
o ponder (v) to think carefully about something for a long time before reaching a decision: I'm still pondering
whether to tell Janine or not.
o prejudiced (adj) someone who is prejudiced has an unreasonable opinion or feeling about someone or
something, especially hatred or fear of a particular group of people: Rafferty's reporting was clearly biased
and prejudiced against the homeless. presume (v) to think something is true because it is likely, although you
cannot be certain: I presume you've already ordered lunch.
o query (n) a question that you ask because you want information or because you are not certain about
something: We have a number of queries regarding delivery.
o query (v) to ask a question about something because you have doubts about it: It is not for us to query his
decisions. query (v) to ask something: ' Who would do such a thing?' he queried.
o reckon (v) to believe that something is true: I reckon there's something wrong with him.
o reflect (v) to think about something carefully and seriously: Josie reflected on how easily she could have
been killed. sceptical/skeptical (adj) having doubts about something that other people think is true or right:
Harrison approved the plan, but Riley remained sceptical.
o speculate (v) to consider or discuss why something has happened: We can only speculate on the reasons for
his sudden resignation.
o suppose (v) to believe that something is probably true, based on your experience, your knowledge and any
other information that you have: She was about 35, Dexter supposed.
o academic (adj) relating to education, especially education in colleges and universities: The book brings
together several academic subjects.
o academic (adj) good at learning things by studying: She's certainly bright, but she's not very academic.
o academic (adj) not relating to a real situation, and therefore not relevant: Given the lack of funding, any
discussion of future plans was somewhat academic.
o academic (n) someone who teaches or does research at a college or university: The meeting was chaired by a
leading Japanese academic.
o conscientious (adj) working hard and being careful to do things well: Simon is a very conscientious worker.
o cram (v) to study hard in order to learn a lot in a short time, especially for an examination: My exams are in
two weeks, so I'm cramming at the moment.
o curriculum (n) the subjects that students study at a particular school or college: Our mathematics curriculum
is much broader now.
o distance learning (n phr) a system in which students work at home with the help of television and radio
broadcasts and send work to their teachers by post or e-mail: Are you doing the course by distance learning?
o graduate (n) someone who has a degree from a university: There aren't many careers for history graduates.
o graduate (v) to complete your studies at a university or college, usually by getting a degree: He graduated
from Yale University in 1936. ignorant (adj) not knowing something that you should know or need to know: I
was ignorant of the terms used in business.
o inattentive (adj) not giving much attention to someone or something: I hate speaking in front of an
inattentive audience.
o intellectual (adj) relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand things, especially
difficult or complicated ideas and subjects: Students were asked which task represented the greatest
intellectual challenge.
o intellectual (adj) well educated and interested in art, science, literature, etc at an advanced level: Though not
intellectual, my mother was highly intelligent.
o intellectual (n) someone who is well educated and interested in art, science, literature, etc at an advanced
level: Though not an intellectual, my mother was highly intelligent.
o intelligent (adj) good at thinking clearly and quickly, at understanding difficult ideas and subjects, and at
gaining and using knowledge: Surely an intelligent person like you can deal with this?
o intensive (adj) involving a lot of teaching or training in a short time: It's an intensive language course for
beginners.
o knowledgeable (adj) knowing a lot about many different subjects or about one particular subject: He's
extremely knowledgeable about business and finance.
o lecture (n) a talk to a group of people about a particular subject, especially at a college or university: The
course will be taught through a series of lectures and seminars.
o lecture (v) to give a lecture or a series of lectures: She lectures on Greek Literature at the Sorbonne.
o mock exam (n phr) an examination you take for practice before an important examination: We've got our
mock GCSE exams next month.

o plagiarise (v) to take someone else's work, ideas or words, and use them as if they were your own: They
accused her of plagiarising her speech. self-study (n) work that you do without the help of a teacher: I have
to do a lot of self-study on this course.
o seminar (n) a class at a college or university in which a small group students discusses a subject with a
teacher: We had a very interesting seminar on climate change.
o special needs (n phr) the particular needs of people who are physically or mentally disabled: If a student has
special needs, he or she will be offered additional classes.
o tuition (n) the work that a teacher does when they teach a particular subject, especially to one person or a
small group: He's been getting private tuition in French.
o tutorial (n) a lesson in which a small group of students discuss a subject with a tutor, especially at a
university or college: We had a very interesting tutorial on climate change.