Third Form Chemistry

Mr. Joaquin Cruz

Cel # 6339604
Week 3
Independent learning packet
Week 3: Topic: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
By the end of the week students will be able to:
1.   draw the atomic structure of the first 20 elements of the periodic table and identify
isotopes of various elements (isotopy).
2.            relate isotopy to radioactivity and its uses; differentiate between periods and groups in
the periodic table of elements.
3.           Define atomic number and mass number.
4.            distinguish between transition metals from other metallic elements by looking at some
of their trends; identify trends in group VII elements of the periodic table.
5.             identify and explain trends in group I and group II elements of the periodic table.

Content:
Atomic Structure

The ancient Greeks Democritus and Leucippus, who lived around 2400 years ago, reasoned that
matter was not continuous. Instead, they thought that matter was made up of indivisible bits of
matter too small to be seen. They called these bits of matter ‘atoms’. Throughout these years, this
idea persisted, though not everyone believed in it.

Early in the nineteenth century, John Dalton (1766-1844), a British chemist, expanded the idea
of atoms based on experiments he conducted. However, Dalton did not have the equipment to
probe the structure of the atom.

Today, scientists ‘see’ atoms by using a special microscope called the Scanning Tunneling
Microscope. Through experimentation, they have found out that atoms contain subatomic
particles called electrons, protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of
the atom.

Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the
center of the atom in an area known as the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are collectively known
as nucleons.

Electrons are found spinning around the nucleus in a series of levels known as valence (energy)
shells.

Mass and charge of subatomic particle

Subatomic particle Relative charge Relative mass

Proton +1 1
Neutron 0 1
Electrons -1 1/1836 or no mass we can say
Atomic number: the number of protons in an atom and is unique to a particular element.

  The electronic configuration of an atom:  electrons spin in the nucleus of an atom in a series of

levels known as energy cells.

Electrons move around the nucleus of the atoms in specific areas called shells. These shells are
really different energy levels. Only electrons with the appropriate energy can occupy a given
shell. The shell with the lowest energy level is closest to the nucleus. The energy level increases
with each successive shell. The electrons in the outer shell of an atom (the valence shell) are the
ones that take part in chemical bonding and are known as valence electrons. During chemical
changes or reactions these valence electrons are rearranged. The rest of the atoms (i.e. the
nucleus and inner shells of electrons) remain intact.

Isotopes: are different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and
electrons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have the same chemical properties, and
electrical properties because they have the same number and arrangement of electrons. They
have slightly different physical properties because of the different numbers of neutrons. Ex.
Carbon which has 3 naturally occurring isotopes: carbon with a mass number of 12, 13 and 14.

Isotopy is the occurrence of atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons
and electrons but different numbers of neutrons.

Radioactivity: A radioactive isotope has an unstable nucleus which decays spontaneously to a

more stable form by emitting particles (alpha, beta) and radiation (gamma). The time taken for
half of the nuclei in a sample of a radioactive isotope to undergo radioactive decay is known as
half-life of the isotope.

Uses of radioactive isotopes: carbon-14 dating, radiotherapy, tracers, energy generation and
heart pacemakers.
Assignment 1:

Periodic Table Packet #1

Name______________________________ Period_________

Directions: Answer the questions with the proper information using your notes, book, and the periodic
table.

1. Define a family. _______________________________________________________

2. What is a period? ________________________________________________________

3. What is the symbol for the following elements.

a. Magnesium _____________ b. Potassium ______________ c. Iron _______________ d. Copper

____________

4. What are the names of the following elements. a. C __________________ b. Cl _________________

c. Au _________________ d. Sr _________________

5. What period are the following elements in? a. He _______________ b. Ge _________________ c. Rb

_______________ d. I __________________

6. What group are the following elements? a. Sulfur _______________ b. Ca _________________ c.

Iodine _______________ d. Fe _________________

7. Give me an atom with the following characteristics. a. Halogen _________________ b. Chalogen

________________ c. Alkali metal ______________ d. Boron ________________ e. Lanthanide series
__________ f. Alkaline Earth metal ________________ g. Transition metal ___________ h. Nobel gas
________________
Assignment 1:

Booklet of Atomic structures

The following will be done for the First 20 elements in the Periodic table. The booklet must
contain the following:

Students will be required to find the number of protons, electrons and neutrons of given
elements. Students are to have to neatly draw the planetary model for each along with the
electron configuration of each. Work needs to be properly done.

Assignment 2:

Atomic Structure Worksheet Name:

Class:
 
1. Name the three particles of the atom and their respective charges are:
a.
b.
c.
 
2. The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom’s
, and the number of electrons determines
of an element.

3. The atomic number tells you the number of in one atom

of an element. It also tells you the number of in a neutral
atom of that element. The atomic number gives the “identity “of an element as well
as its location on the Periodic Table. No two different elements will have the
atomic number.

4. The of an element is the average mass of an

element’s naturally occurring atoms, or isotopes, taking into account the
of each isotope.
5. The of an element is the total number of protons
and neutrons in the of the atom.

6. The mass number is used to calculate the number of in one

atom of an element. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract
the from the __.

7. Give the symbol and number of protons in one atom of:

  Lithium Bromine
Iron Copper
Oxygen Mercury
Arsenic Helium
 

8. Give the symbol and number of electrons in a neutral atom of:

Uranium Chlorine
Boron Iodine
Antimony Argon

9. You can become more familiar with the atomic structure of some elements by
completing the chart. You have been given enough information to fill in all the
blanks. (There is no need to use a periodic table.)
Atomic Mass Number of Number of Number of
Substance Symbol
Number Number Protons Neutrons electrons

HeIium 2

Magnesium 12 12

Zinc 30 65

Bromine 80 35

Aluminum 13 14
Assignment 3:
Students are to attempt the quiz given in moodle for week 3. The teacher will record the
grade. You only have one attempt. Make yourself familiar with the elements before
attempting the quiz..
Third Form Chemistry
Mr. Joaquin Cruz
Cel # 6339604
Week 4
Independent learning packet
Topic: PERIODICITY OF ELEMENTS
By the end of the week, students will be able to:
1.            identify and explain trends in group II elements of the periodic table.
2.            distinguish between transition metals from other metallic elements by looking at
some of their trends; identify trends in group VII elements of the periodic table.
3.            identify trends in period 3 using gradation from metallic to non-metallic
properties.
4.            apply their knowledge on periodicity to identify trends in the periodic table by
answering questions in a worksheet; prepare a plan for the construction of their own
“Periodic Table of _______” (Students choose what their periodic table will be about).
Content:
Periodicity

Several trends like increasing in atomic radii moving from left to right across a period or
from top to bottom on any group can be seen.

Elements in group II are metals. They all have 2 electrons in their valence shells with all
inner shells being filled. All elements in this group show a common fixed oxidation
number of +2 and can form ionic compounds. They show gradual changes in physical
properties like densities, melting and boiling points and electronegativities as the group
descends. Gradual changes in chemical properties like reactivity and ease of ionization
are also seen as the group descends.

The transition metals show similar properties to that of group II, but are less reactive.
They have variable oxidation numbers and their compounds can act as catalysts. They
can form complex colored compounds.

Elements in group VII, the halogens, have similar electronic configurations and generally
have the same chemical properties. Halogens easily accept electrons due to their high
electronegativities. The more electronegative the halogen, the more reactive it is. They
have small atomic radii and are highly reactive.

Elements in period 3 exhibit the following changes going from left to right: decrease in
atomic radii, decrease in metallic character, increase in melting and boiling points of the
oxides and chlorides of the elements.

Review on periodicity of elements (Trends in Groups I, II, VII and Period 3

elements) by predicting the properties of unknown using group and period trends.
This can be found in the Chemistry Text book
Assignment 1
Periodicity Chemistry Worksheet
Name: _______________
Class: _____________
A. Periodic table
1. Which are metals? Circle your answers: C, Na, F, Cs, Ba, Ni

Which metal in the list above has the most metallic character? Explain.

2. Write the charge that each of the following atoms will have when it has a
complete set of valence electrons forming an ion.

O Na F N Ca Ar

3. How many periods are in the periodic table? _________

How many groups or families are in the periodic table? ______

4. What element in period 3 is a metalloid? _____________________

5. When element with atomic number 118 is discovered, what family will it be in?
____________

Use the following word bank for questions 6 through 13

(Obviously, you will need to use several words more than once!  )
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Halogens
Noble gases Transition metals Noble gases

6. The ___________________________ have a single electron in the highest

energy level.

7. The ___________________________ achieve the electron configurations of

noble gases by losing two electrons.

8. The ______________________ are metals that can hold up to 10 electrons in

their sublevel shape

9. The ________________________ achieve the electron configuration of noble

gases by gaining one electron.

10. The ___________________ have full s and p orbitals in the highest occupied
energy levels.

11. The ________________________ are stable and un-reactive.

 12. The __________________________ are highly reactive and readily form salts
with metals.

13. The _________________________ are metals that are more reactive than the
transition elements but less reactive than the alkali metals.

Assignment 2:
Periodic Table Packet #2

Name______________________________ Period_________

Directions: Answer the questions with the proper information using your notes, book, and the periodic
table.

1. Define a family. _______________________________________________________

2. What is a period? ________________________________________________________

3. What is the symbol for the following elements.

a. Magnesium _____________ b. Potassium ______________ c. Iron _______________ d. Copper

____________

4. What are the names of the following elements. a. C __________________ b. Cl _________________

c. Au _________________ d. Sr _________________

5. What period are the following elements in? a. He _______________ b. Ge _________________ c. Rb

_______________ d. I __________________

6. What group are the following elements? a. Sulfur _______________ b. Ca _________________ c.

Iodine _______________ d. Fe _________________

7. Give me an atom with the following characteristics. a. Halogen ____Flouorine___ b. Chalogen

________________ c. Alkali metal ______________ d. Boron ________________ e. Lanthanide series
__________ f. Alkaline Earth metal ________________ g. Transition metal ___________ h. Nobel gas
________________

Attempt Quiz on periodicity in week 4 on moodle