SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
EEE2003 – Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab

Experiment No.: 05

Title: V – Curves & Inverted V – Curves Of Synchronous Motor

Date of Experiment: 8th September, 2020

Slot: L39 + L40

Name of Student: V S AKSHIT

Register Number:19BEE0435

Faculty Name: Dr. Belwin Edward J

 V – CURVES AND INVERTED V – CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

EX.NO:-10
DATE:-V S Akshit 19BEE0435 (Tuesday batch)

OBJECTIVE

1. To study the effect of variation of field current upon the stator current and power factor with synchronous
motor running at no load, hence to draw V and inverted V- curves of the motor.
2. To repeat the above, with synchronous motor in different load condition.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

S.NO NAME TYPE RANGE QUANTITY

1 Ammeter MC (0 – 1) A 1

2 Ammeter MI ( 0-5 ) A 1

3 Power factor meter DE 500V, 10 A 1

THEORY

With constant mechanical load on the synchronous motor, the variation of field current changes
the armature current drawn by the motor and also its operating power factor. As such, the behaviour of
the synchronous motor is described below under three different modes of field excitation.

1. NORMAL EXCITATION
The armature current is minimum at a particular value of field current, which is called the normal
excitation. The operating power factor of the motor is unity at this excitation and thus the motor is
equivalent to resistive type of load
 Figure 1: TEST CIRCUIT FOR V-CURVES & INVERTED V-CURVES

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR MECHANICAL LOAD SET UP BY

CONTROL PANEL
EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER

Ri Ro M L
R A R
FUSE C V rpm
415 V 600 900
T 300 1200
50 Hz 0 1500
P FIELD Torque (Kg-m)
3-Φ AC
REGULATOR N
S Yo
Y Yi S S
T
FUSE N
415 V S
50 Hz F2
F1 NULL SETTING
STOP START Y B
3-Φ AC
BUTTON BUTTON
C V
B
Bi Bo M L ON/OFF SWITCH
FUSE
FIELD
- +

TORQUE SETTING

A
Fig - 1

NAME PLATE DETAILS FUSE RATING CALCULATION

 2. UNDER EXCITATION
When the field current is decreased gradually below the normal excitation, the armature current
increases and the operating power factor of the motor decreases. The power factor under this condition
is lagging. Thus, the synchronous motor draws a lagging current, when it is under excited and is
equivalent to an inductive load.

3. OVER EXCITATION
When the field current is increased gradually beyond the normal excitation, the armature current
again increases and operating power factor decreases. However, the power factor is leading under this
condition. Hence, the synchronous motor draws a leading current, when it is over excited and is
equivalent to a capacitive load.

Applications of synchronous motor

1. Power houses and sub-stations. Used in power houses and sub-stations in parallel to the bus-bars
to improve the power factor
2. Factories. Used in factories having large number of induction motors or other power apparatus,
operating at lagging power factor, to improve the power factor.
3. Mills – industries etc. Use in textile mills, rubber mills, mining and other big industries, cement
factories for power applications
4. Constant speed equipments. Used to drive continuously operating and constant speed equipments
such as
• Fans
• Blowers
• Centrifugal pumps
• Motor generator sets.
• Ammonia and air compressors etc
5. Voltage regulation.
The voltage at the end of long transmission line varies greatly especially when large inductive
loads are present. When an inductive load is disconnected suddenly, voltage tends to rise considerably
above its normal value because of the line capacitance. By installing a synchronous motor with a field
regulator (for varying its excitation), this voltage rise can be controlled.
TABULAR COLUMN MODEL GRAPH
Y

Armature current Ia
S.NO Ia ( Amperes) If ( Amperes) Power factor

Lagging P.F. Leading P.F.

X
Y Field current If

1.0

Power factor
FULL LOAD

HALF LOAD

NO LOAD
Lagging P.F. Leading P.F.

X
Field current If
Fig - 2
PRECAUTIONS

Before starting and after completion

1. The DPSTS ( DC mains ) and TPSTS ( AC mains ) should be in off position.

2. The field regulator should be in minimum position.
3. There should not be any load on the alternator

PROCEDURE

1. Connections are made as shown in Fig.1 circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the 3-𝜙 AC power supply.
3. Start the motor by pressing the starting ( red button ) in synchronous motor control
panel.
4. Now the synchronous motor is running in normal speed in specified direction. If not
interchange any two terminals. ( May be RY OR YB OR BR )
5. Switch on the DC mains OR DPSTS and the field winding is closed.
6. The field regulator OR alternator (field) rheostat should be varied from minimum
potential to maximum potential position and the corresponding meter readings are
tabulate in tabular column.
7. Repeat the above steps for different load conditions if the load settings are available
otherwise only no load reading should be taken.
8. After taking all the readings readjust all the setting of synchronous motor to their initial
positions and then switch-off the DC and AC main supply to stop the motor.
9. Graphs are plotted between 𝐼𝑎 Vs 𝑉𝑓 and Power Factor Vs 𝐼𝑓 i.e. ‘V’ curves and
inverted ‘V’ curves as in Fig.2

RESULT
The V-curves and inverted V-curves of 3-phase synchronous motor was
performed by suitable experiment at no load and the following performance graphs were
obtained and drawn.
(i) Field current Vs Armature current _ V-curves
(ii) Field current Vs Power factor _ Inverted V-curves
Viva-Questions
1. What is the magnitude of starting torque in 3-phase synchronous motor?
2. What are the various methods of starting a 3-phase synchronous motor?
3. What is the nature of power factor, when a synchronous motor is operated (i) under
excitation (ii) normal excitation and (iii) over excitation?
4. Is is possible to operate a synchronous motor on any other speed than the synchronous
speed?
5. What are the basic differences between a 3-phase synchronous motor and 3-phase
induction motor?