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SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
WORK AND ENERGY

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MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

- Describe how work is related to power and energy.

WORK AND ENERGY

Introduction

In the previous modules, you investigated motion

from the perspective of work. Further, you related work and
power.
In this module, you are going to relate work to
another quantity – energy. You have learned in your
elementary science that energy has many forms and how
energy is transformed in simple machines. In this module,
energy will be related to work.

Most Essential Learning

Competency & Objectives

In this module, you will learn how to Describe how work is related to power
and energy.

Specifically, you will learn to:

✓ Define energy.
✓ Differentiate potential and kinetic energy.
✓ Describe how work is related to energy.

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 Pre-Test

Before we start our lesson, try to answer these

five (5) questions below.

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Kinetic energy is the energy due to its .
a. Motion
b. Gravity
c. Position
d. Mass

2. Gravitational potential energy is the potential energy of an object based on its

.
a. Mass and Height
b. Mass and Speed
c. Weight and Velocity
d. Speed and Weight

3. What is the unit of power, work and energy respectively?

a. Watt, Joule, N/s
b. Watt, kg m2/s2 , kg m/s2
c. J/s, kg m2/s2, N m
d. Joule, Joule, Joule

4. Power distributors such as SORECO send monthly bills to their customers.

What do they charge to customers?
a. Power
b. Work
c. Energy
d. Mass

5. Body A did work on body B. Which statement is correct?

a. The energy of B decreased, while the energy of A increased.
b. The energy of B increased, while the energy of A decreased.
c. The energy of both bodies increased.
d. The energy of both bodies decreased.

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 How did you find the test? It’s okay if
you’re not yet sure with your answers. As you
go on with this module, you will learn and find
out if you’re answers are correct. So buckle up
and get ready with your journey.

Learning Activities

ELICIT
Before we proceed to our lesson for
this module, let us revisit how work is
related to power as discussed in the
previous modules. We are then going to
relate work and energy.
I’d like you to remain focused as you
go along with the preceding activities.

Work

1. Work is done if the force you exerted makes the object

moves in the direction of that force.
2. No work is done if the force you exerted does not make the
object move.
3. No work is done if the force you exert does not make the
object move in the same direction as the force you exerted.

W = Fd

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 Work and Power

Power is the rate of doing work.

P = W/t

Note: you may also visit this link for a brief review of work and power.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-1/ap-work-and-energy/power-ap/v/power

Guide Questions:

1. Give an example of something we think of as work in everyday circumstances

that is not work in the scientific sense.

2. Give an example of a situation in which there is a force and a displacement,

but the force does no work. Explain why it does no work.

3. For the same amount of work done, what would you do to achieve highest
power?

You need these concepts about work and

power for you to better understand our lesson for
this module.

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 NGAGE

What comes into your mind whenever you hear the

word ENERGY?
Write your responses in the boxes that surround the
word ‘energy’. You can add more boxes if you want. Use
arrows to show relationship between and among the terms.

As you explore the next activity, you will learn what

energy is. You can check if the word/s you have written in
the box are really related to energy. But for now, I will tell
you a little information about energy.

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Energy can be classified into two forms: Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy

Can you differentiate the two types of energy given

the following situations below?
Identify which illustration/s below show/s Kinetic
Energy and which ones show Potential Energy. Write your
answers on the space provided. Then answer the guide
questions.

a. b. c.

d. e. f.

Guide questions:
1. Based on the illustrations. How do you define potential and kinetic energy
using your own words?

2. Can you cite situations which show the difference between potential and
kinetic energy?

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 At this point, I am expecting that you
understand the difference between potential
energy and kinetic energy. But how is work
related to energy? You will learn about their
relationship as you do the succeeding
activities.

EXPLORE
If you were able to provide some terms related to energy and were
able to differentiate between potential and kinetic energy, it meansyou
have some knowledge about energy. Read the comic strips below for
you to be able to know more about energy and work. Then explore the
next activities for you to define energy, differentiate kinetic and potential
energy and describe how work is related to energy.
Goodluck Buddy!

Exploration 1: LET’S MEET ENERGY

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 Adapted from DepEd-LRMDS

Now that you have met energy and know his side of the
story. It’s your turn now to answer the following questions
based on what you have learned in the comic strips.

Guide Questions:
1. From what you have learned, define energy.

2. How will you differentiate kinetic energy and potential energy?

3. Based from what you have learned in the comic strips, how is work and energy
related?

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 Exploration 2: LET’S PLAY AND LEARN!
Materials:
Ball
Rock
Nail
Plastic bottle

A. From the ground, raise a rock to a height of about 1 meter.

Q1. Have you done work when you raise the rock to 1 meter height? Does the rock
possess energy? How do you know?

Q2. What form of energy does the rock possess? How do you say so?

B. Note: BE CAREFUL ON THIS ACTIVITY!

1. Get a big nail and push its sharp end on a wooden block or on the soil to
make a stand.
2. Hold a piece of rock above the nail about half a meter from the nail’s head.
3. Let the rock fall straight onto the nail. Be careful. You might drop the rock
onto your foot.
4. Observe what happens to the nail.

Q3. Did you exert force when you raised the rock? Was work done on the rock?

Q4. What happened to the potential energy of the rock as it is being raised? Why?

Q5. Was work done on the nail? Why do you say so?

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 Think:
Given the situation above, how is work and energy related?

C. Play a bowling game.

• Roll a plastic or rubber ball along the floor to hit an empty plastic bottle.

Q7. Is there work done on the ball? How do you say so?

Q8. What was transferred to the ball that causes it to move?

Q9. What can a moving ball do?

Think:
What happens to the energy of the one doing the work and to the object on
which work is done?

Given the situation above, what can you conclude about energy and work?

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 Keep this in mind - work an.d energy are related.
You need energy in order to do work and without
work you cannot transfer energy!

Great job! You have completed the activities. Take

time to review and analyze your answers. This
activity enables you to understand how work is
related to energy.

EX P L A I N
Take time to understand the following
ideas or concepts for you to confirm the results of
the activities you have performed.

One of the most familiar forms of potential energy is gravitational potential

energy. In the previous activity of this module, you learned about potential energy. You
also learned about what gravitational potential energy is. In this part, you will learn how
to determine gravitational potential energy and relate it to work.
Consider again an object of mass, m, lifted to a certain height, h. Work done on
the object gives this object gravitational potential energy. The change in the object’s
gravitational potential energy is the work done in raising it to that height. Since the
work done on the object to raise it at that height is given by the equation,

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then, the change in the object’s gravitational potential energy is:

where h = the height above the reference level. If the object is raised from the ground,
the reference level is the ground. If the object, however, is raised from the table, the
table is the reference level.
Given the two equations, we can derive the formula for the relationship of work
and energy given below.

Using the equation we have derived, could you give the unit of gravitational
potential energy? Yes, you are right! The unit of gravitational energy is the same as
the unit of work, Joule. To understand more about gravitational potential energy, let us
use the equation in solving problems. Study very well the following sample problems.
Example 1
How much potential energy is gained by a 2-kg book when you raised it 2 m above
the table? How much work is done on the book as it is being raised?
Reminders:
✓ You are looking for the increase in gravitational potential energy
with reference to the table top. So, the zero level is the tabletop.
✓ Write first the given quantities of the problem and what is required.
Solution:
Let h = height above the table top
Given:
m=2 kg
h=1.5 m
Required:
1. ∆PE (since you are looking for the gain in potential energy)
2. W (work done on the book)

Next,
▪ Write the equation that relates the given quantities and the unknown quantities.
This equation is ∆PE = mgh
▪ Substitute the given quantities to the equation.
∆PE = mgh
∆PE = (2 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(2 m)
∆PE = 39.2 kg m2/ s2 or 39.2 Joules

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1. Answer: The book gains 39.2 Joules of energy

2. Answer: Since, W=∆PE therefore the work you have done on the book is equal
to its change in potential energy which is also equal to 39.2 Joules.

Note: Since work is a way of transferring energy, as you raised the book
above the table, your 39.2 Joules of energy is transferring as the potential
energy of the book! Did you get it?

Now that you have understood how work

is related to energy, let’s try to apply what you’ve
learned in the next task.

EL A B OR A T E

Answer the following questions as best as you can!

1. What is the SI unit of Energy and Work?

2. Given the equations below, explain the relationship of work and energy.

3. How much is the change in Potential Energy of the block of wood if it is lifted
with a force of 10 N to a height of 4m? How much work is done on the block?
(Write first the given and the required quantities then you must show your solution)

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4. How much energy is needed to lift an object that weighs 100 N to a height of 5
meters? (Write first the given and the required quantities then you must show your
solution)

5. Power distributors such as SORECO send monthly bills to their customers.

What do they charge to customers, energy or power? (Prove your answer)

6. How can you reduce electric bills in your house and in the school?

Congratulations for a job well done in accomplishing

the tasks. This time share your final insights by completing
the following sentence prompts.

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EXTEND
To strengthen what you have learned in this
module, perform the following additional tasks.

Apply what you have learned in the module particularly on

the relationship of work and energy by creating either of
these:
✓ poem
✓ song
✓ drawing/painting
✓ spoken poetry

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 Vocabulary List

You may refer to the following vocabulary words used in this module:

Energy – the capacity to do work

Potential Energy – energy of an object at rest. It is also called stored energy. It has
potential to do work once release.

Kinetic Energy – energy possesses by a moving object. It comes from the Greek
word “kinetikos” which means moving. Kinetic energy quantifies the amount of work
the object can do because of its motion.

Work – is a way of transferring energy. Once work is done on the body it gains energy.
But if a body does work it losses energy.

Joule – unit of work and energy. It is also equivalent to 1 Nm and 1 kg m2/s2

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 VALUATE

Post-Test

I know that you can now answer the

questions below. The questions will test how
much you have learned in this module. You can
do it!

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of these refers to the capacity to do work?
a. power
b. energy
c. velocity
d. momentum

2. A 400- kg truck is traveling at 8 m/s. What is the car’s kinetic energy

when it stops?
a. 0 J
b. 8 J
c. 3200 J
d. 6400 J

3. A physics book and a chemistry book of equal mass are piled up so that
the physics book rests over the chemistry book. Which of the following
statements is correct?

a. The physics book has more KE than the chemistry book.

b. The physics book has more PE than the chemistry book.
c. The chemistry book is doing work on the chemistry book.
d. The two books have the same PE and KE.

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4. How much energy do you use when you exert a 5-N force to move a box
to a distance of 3 m?
a. 0 J c. 45 J
b. 15 J d. 75 J

5. How is work related to energy?

a. Energy is the capacity to do work, and work is a way of transferring
energy.
b. Energy causes a change while work is needed for energy to happen.
c. Energy is the ability to do work and without it work is not done.
d. All the answers are accepted.

Hooray, you have finished your first module for

work and energy!
Please check your answers by referring to the
answer key. If you scored lower than 4, please go
over the earlier parts of this module and take on the
activities once again. If you scored 4 or 5, you are
now ready for the next module.
CONGRATULATIONS!

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 Answer Keys

Pre-Test Answer Keys

1. A
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B

Learning Activities Answer Keys

Elicit:
1. Answers may vary.
2. Answers may vary.
3. To achieve greatest amount of power, do the same amout of work in a
shorter time.
Engage:
Answers may vary.

Capacity to do work

joule related to work

kinetic and potential

Energy can be classified into two forms: Kinetic Energy and

Potential Energy
a. Kinetic Energy
b. Potential Energy
c. Potential Energy
d. Kinetic Energy
e. Potential Energy
f. Potential Energy

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 Guide question 1: Potential energy is the energy stored in the object like
in the set of fruits. It is the energy possessed by an object at rest.
Guide question 2: Kinetic energy is energy in motion like in letter a and
d illustrations. When the object is at rest it has potential energy but when
it moves it has kinetic energy.
Explore 1: LET’S MEET ENERGY
1. Energy is the capacity to do work, without energy you cannot do work.
2. Kinetic energy is energy in motion while potential energy is energy with
respect to its position from the ground.
3. Work is a way of transferring energy. When you do work you are
transferring your energy to the object where work is done. You are losing
your energy while the object where the work is done, gains energy.
Energy on the other hand is the capacity to do work. Work is equal to the
change of energy in the object, either kinetic or potential energy.
Explore 2: LET’S PLAY AND LEARN
1. Yes. I did work when I raised the rock to a 1 meter height. I transferred
energy to the rock. This is because I exerted a force in raising the rock.

2. Potential energy is transferred to the rock. An increase in its elevation

means a gain in its potential energy.

3. Yes. I actually exerted a force in raising the rock to overcome its weight.
The force you exerted had the same magnitude as the rock’s weight but
opposite in direction. Since the rock was moved in the same direction as
the force applied, work was done on the rock.

4. The rock, in its raised position, had the ability to do work or its energy
increases. This energy was gravitational potential energy. Gravitational
potential energy is energy due to the object’s position with reference to
the earth’s surface.

5. Since the rock was moved in the same direction as the force applied,
work was done on the rock. In that raised position, the rock had the ability
to do work. So, when you let the rock fall on the nail, the nail was pushed
onto the ground or onto the wooden block. The rock did work on the nail.

6. Yes. Work is done on the ball since it moved in the direction of the force
exerted.

7. The ball gained kinetic energy.

8. The moving ball can do work because of its kinetic energy.

9. Energy is the capacity to do work.

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Elaborate:

1. Joule.
2. Work is equal to the change in potential energy. Work is equal
to thechange in kinetic energy.
3. Change in PE = Work
= 40 J4. 500J
5. Power distributors charge energy to their customers. Power is the
rate of doing work. Electrical energy is power multiplied by time.
The total amount of electrical energy used depends on the total
power used by allthe electrical devices and the total time they are
used in home.
6. Power or wattage and time are the factors which can affect the
amount of electrical energy consumption. Therefore, to reduce
electric bills, onecould opt to purchase electrical devices with lower
power rating and also, shorten its time of use by turning off the
devices when not in use.

Post-Test Answer Keys

1. B
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. D

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