Translated from Indonesian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

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“Language Acquisition and Language Learning”

Arranged By :

NAME : AHMAD SYAHDAN

CLASS : 1B
NIM :A1M220034

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
HALU OLEO UNIVERSITY
KENDARI
2021
CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY
A. Background
B. Formulation of the problem
C. Problem Goal

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. The Nature of Language

B. Language Acquisition and Learning
C. Use of language as a system
D. Learn and Acquire Language

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion

REFERENCES
 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Language is a means of communication acquired by humans from birth. At the beginning

of the baby is born does not yet have the ability to talk to other people. Mastery of a language
by a child begins with the acquisition of the first language which is often called the mother
tongue. Language acquisition is a very long process since children do not know a language
until they become fluent in the language. After the mother tongue is obtained, at a certain age
the child acquires another language or a second language which he knows as a treasure of
new knowledge. Mother tongue is the first language mastered by humans since the beginning
of their lives through interaction with family and the community around the child. Various
studies show that children perceive their mother tongue in a number of ways. These include
frequently asked questions,
In subsequent developments, children are able to increase their vocabulary independently
in the form of good communication. When children learn language through interaction with
adults, children not only learn the redaction of words and sentences but also the structure of
words and sentences themselves. If a mother says the wrong sentence, early childhood not
only imitates and interprets the meaning of the sentence, but she also "learns" the structure of
the sentence. Therefore, the process of acquiring and mastering children's language is quite
an amazing thing for researchers in the field of psycholinguistics.

B. Problem Formulation

1. What is the essence of language?

2. What is language acquisition and learning?
3. How do people use language as a system?
4. How do people learn or acquire language?

C. Purpose of the Problem

1. To know the meaning of the essence of language.

2. To know the purpose of language acquisition and learning.
3. To find out how people use language as a system.
4. To find out how people learn and acquire language.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. The Nature of Language

The word language is not foreign to us. Every day we use language. In the nature of
activities to communicate, language is used, there is no civilization without written language.
This statement shows how important the role of language is for human development and
humanity. However, can every means of communication be called a language? What is the
special marker of human language as a communication tool that distinguishes it from other
communication tools? Consider the following case illustration.
One day while traveling in an angkot car. The two young passengers laughed, but they
didn't hear them interacting verbally. Out of curiosity, I tried to pay attention to what they
were doing. It turned out that they were deaf students who were busy communicating, but the
communication did not use language. They use their fingers to communicate. Thus they use
sign language. Another case, when participating in scouting camp activities. Only the sound
of syringes and Morse code and the waving of flags, they were already gathered in the field.
The illustration above proves that it turns out that communication tools are very diverse.
Some use objects, signs, or sounds. Language, in the form of sounds produced by human
speech is also a means of communication. In general, communication is distinguished into
verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is
communication that uses language sounds produced by human speech organs that refer to a
particular language. For example Indonesian or other languages. While nonverbal
communication is communication that does not use language sounds produced by human
speech. However, using tools/signs for example with finger movements, facial expressions,
or using certain objects.

B. Acquisitionand Language Learninga

According to Dardjowidjojo, the term acquisition is used for the equivalent of the
English term acquisition, which is a process of mastering language that is carried out by a
child naturally when he learns his mother tongue. While Chaer gives an understanding that
language acquisition or acquisition is a process that takes place in a child's brain when he
acquires his first language or mother tongue. Another definition put forward by Krashen that
language acquisition is "the product of a subconscious process very similar to the process
children undergo when they acquire their first language. first language.
So, it can be concluded that language acquisition is a human process that gains the
ability to capture, produce, and use words for understanding and communication. Language
acquisition (language acquisition) is a process that takes place in a child's brain when he
acquires his first language or mother tongue. The language acquired can be in the form of
vowels as in spoken language or manual as in sign language. Language acquisition usually
refers to first language acquisition which examines additional language acquisition by
children or adults.
Language learning is related to the processes that occur when a child learns a second
language after he acquires his first language. So, language acquisition is related to the first
language, while language learning is related to the second language (Chaer, 2003:167). This
needs to be emphasized, because acquisition has different characteristics from learning (Cox,
1999; Musfiroh, 2002).

C. Using Language as a System

As a system, language is both systematic and systemic. Systematically, that is, the
language is arranged according to a pattern; not randomly arranged, haphazardly. While
systemic, that is, the language is not a single system, but also consists of sub-systems; or the
system below. Here we can mention, among others, the phonological subsystem, the
morphological subsystem, the syntactic subsystem, and the semantic subsystem. Language
subsystems, especially phonological subsystems, morphological subsystems, and syntactic
subsystems are arranged hierarchically (having an arrangement or structure). The three
subsystems (phonology, morphology, and syntax) are related to the semantic subsystem while
the lexicon subsystem which is also covered by the semantic subsystem is outside the three
structural subsystems.

The word system is commonly used in everyday life with the meaning of "way" or
"rules", as in the sentence "If you know the system, it's easy to do it". In terms of science, the
system means a patterned regular arrangement that forms a meaningful or functioning whole.
This system is formed by a number of elements or components that are related to one another
and are functionally related. As explained above about the system, language consists of
elements that are arranged in an orderly manner. Language is not a number of elements
collected randomly or irregularly. To get a better understanding, let's take a concrete
example, namely a bicycle. A bicycle can function if the elements or components (wheels,
chains, steering, etc.) are arranged according to a pattern or place.

What do people do when they are together? When they play, compete, profess love, or
race the car? They talk to each other. We live in a world of words. We talk to friends,
associations, partners, or to teachers. We talk face to face or on the phone. Most people
respond by speaking. As a result, every problem in our lives is never separated from using
words. Mastery of language is a very important thing beyond any attribute, as well as what
distinguishes humans from other living things. To understand our humanity, people must
understand or know the language that makes us human. Therefore, according to this belief we
all become “human” because we at least master or know a language. But what is language?
So, the answer to the question above must relate to the "figure" of the language, not about
function or other things. As stated by Kridalaksana and also Djoko Kentjono "Language is a
system of arbitrary sound symbols used by members of social groups to work together,
communicate, and identify themselves". It can be seen above that the definition of language
according to two experts is more emphasized on the characteristics of the language itself. If
you specify it, you will get some essential characteristics of language, one of which is
language as a system. not about function or anything. As stated by Kridalaksana and also
Djoko Kentjono "Language is a system of arbitrary sound symbols used by members of
social groups to work together, communicate, and identify themselves". It can be seen above
that the definition of language according to two experts is more emphasized on the
characteristics of the language itself. If you specify it, you will get some essential
characteristics of language, one of which is language as a system. not about function or
anything. As stated by Kridalaksana and also Djoko Kentjono "Language is a system of
arbitrary sound symbols used by members of social groups to work together, communicate,
and identify themselves". It can be seen above that the definition of language according to
two experts is more emphasized on the characteristics of the language itself. If you specify it,
you will get some essential characteristics of language, one of which is language as a system.

D. Learn and Acquire Language

The word acquisition is a derivative word from the word by (KBBI, 1997:702).
Acquisition means the process, action, and method of obtaining. Acquisition is called in
English with acquisition which means the process of mastering the language carried out by
the child naturally against his mother tongue (native language). Language acquisition is a
process that takes place in a child's brain when he acquires his first language or mother
tongue. (Abdul Chair, 2003:167). From the above definition it can be said that language
acquisition is a certain process carried out by the human brain in obtaining language obtained
from the interaction from outside and then processed according to the ability and growth of
the human brain.

To acquire a language, humans learn it through the process of language acquisition. The
process of acquiring language has actually been obtained since humans were born. The
acquisition process takes place naturally, not by memorizing vocabulary, grammatical rules,
and social applications.

Language acquisition is one of the important topics in psycholinguistics as well as

psychology. When it comes to language acquisition, it's a bit difficult to sort out which ones
are part of psycholinguistics and which ones are part of psychology. This difficulty can be
illustrated when, for example, a psychologist discusses the problem of the psychological
function of every part of a human being, so he must look at the characteristics of the situation
that he will describe his psychological function. And when one discusses the psychological
function of language, inevitably one has to return to linguistics. Even though the inputs given
by linguistics have not fully answered psychology. This issue will not be clear in essence,

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion

Language is a means of communication acquired by humans from birth. Mastery of a

language by a child begins with the acquisition of the first language which is often called the
mother tongue. Language acquisition is a very long process since children do not know a
language until they become fluent in the language. Language acquisition or language
acquisition is a process that takes place in a child's brain when he acquires his first language
or mother tongue.

The first language acquisition stage is divided into four stages, namely the competence and
performance acquisition stage, the semantic acquisition stage, the syntax acquisition stage
and the phonological acquisition stage.

Psycholinguistics, which is an interdisciplinary science, describes the psychological

processes that take place when a child pronounces the sentences he hears when
communicating, and how language skills are acquired when a child communicates. The role
of Psycholinguistics in children's language acquisition is very important because by
understanding psycholinguistics parents or teachers can understand the processes that occur
in children when a child listens or speaks so that when the ability in language skills is
problematic, parents or teachers can see it from a psychological point of view as an
alternative. the solution.
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