STORAGE TANK DESIGN CALCULATION - API 650

1 .0 DESIGN CODE & SPECIFICATION

DESIGN CODE : API 650 11th Edition

1 .1 TANK
Item number : 7061T-3901 Open Self-supported Cone-roof
Roof ( Open/Close ) : Close Close Column-supported Dome-roof
Type of roof ( Cone-roof / Dome-roof / Flat-roof / NA ) : Floating Roof Open-roof
Floating Roof
1 .2 GEOMETRIC DATA
Inside diameter , Di ( corroded ) (@ 39,000 mm ) = 39,006 mm
Nominal diameter, Dn ( new ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 39,028 mm
Nominal diameter, Dc ( corroded ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 39,031 mm
Tank height (tan/tan), H = 20,700 mm
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Actual) = 0.790
Specific gravity of operating liquid , S.G. (Design) = 1.00
Nominal capacity , V = 24736 m³
Maximum design liquid level, HL = 20,700 mm

1 .3 PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE

Design pressure : Upper , Pu (Atmospheric) = 0.00 mbarg
: Lower , Pl = 0.00 mbarg Vac
Design temperature : Upper , Tu = 70 °C
: Lower , Tl = -17 °C

1 .4 MATERIAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Component Material Tensile Yield Corrosion

Stress Stress Allowance
St(N/mm²) Sy(N/mm²) c.a.(mm)
PLATE
Shell Plate ( Mat'l Code # 1 ) (bot) A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.000
( Mat'l Code # 2 ) (top) A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.000
Annular Plate A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.000
Bottom Plate A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.000
Roof Plate A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.000
STRUCTURE MEMBERS
Roof structure (rafter,bracing,etc ) A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.00
Top Curb Angle A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.00
Intermediate Wind Girder A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 3.00
 SHELL THICKNESS CALCULATION BY ONE-FOOT METHOD
2 .0 SHELL DESIGN
2 .1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Plate size used : 2,440 mm
Shell plate min. width as per PTS 34.51.01.31 clause 6.3 : 1,500 mm

2 .2 MATERIAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

No Material Specified Specified Yield stress Max. allow Max. allow Corrosion Joint YIELD STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR, k
used min. tensile min. yield reduction fac design hydro.test allowance Efficiency Temp.(°F) Minimum Specified Yield Strength ( psi )
stress stress ( App. M ) stress stress < 45,000 45,000  x < 55,000
St (N/mm²) Sy (Nmm²) k Sd (N/mm²) St (N/mm²) c.a (mm) E 201 0.91 0.88
NIL NIL NIL
1 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00 300 0.88 0.81
2 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00 NIL NIL NIL
3 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00 400 0.85 0.75
4 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00 NIL NIL NIL
5 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00 500 0.80 0.70
6 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00
7 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00
8 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00 Notes : App.A (case tsc<12.7mm ), Sd = k x 144.69 N/mm² ( k x 21,000 psi )
9 A 516 GR. 65N 448.00 241.00 1.000 160.67 180.75 3.00 1.00 Max.allow. design stress, Sd ( = less of '2/3.k.Sy' or '2/5.Ss')
10 - - - - - - - - Max.allow. hydro. test stress, St ( = less of '3/4.Sy'or'3/7.Ss')

2 .3 SPECIFIED MINIMUM SHELL THICKNESS

Specification : API 650 11th Edition
Minimum thickness as per API 650 cl 5.6.1.1 = 8.00 mm
Minimum thickness as per PTS 34.51.01.31 = 11.00 mm

2 .4 SHELL THICKNESS CALCULATION BY ONE-FOOT METHOD ( CLAUSE 5.6.3.1 )

SI METRIC UNIT :-
Design shell thickness, ( in mm )
4.9Dc ( [H+Hi] - 0.3 ).G
td = + c.a
Sd
Hydrostatic test shell thickness , ( in mm ) t.min = Min. of t.design, t.hydo &
4.9Dn ( H - 0.3 ) min. thickness as per PTS.
tt =
St tsc = Thicknes selected & used
Gravitational force = 9.81 m/s

2 .5 CALCULATION & RESULTS

No. Mat'l Material Width Height t.design t.hydro. t.min tsc. Result Weight
Code (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg)
No.

1 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,440 20,700 27.30 21.60 27.30 28.00 O.K. 65,757
2 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,440 18,260 24.40 19.02 24.40 25.00 O.K. 58,707
3 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,440 15,820 21.49 16.43 21.49 22.00 O.K. 51,658
4 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,440 13,380 18.58 13.85 18.58 19.00 O.K. 44,611
5 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,440 10,940 15.67 11.26 15.67 16.00 O.K. 37,564
6 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,440 8,500 12.77 8.68 12.77 13.00 O.K. 30,518
7 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,020 6,060 9.86 6.10 11.00 11.00 O.K. 21,377
8 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,020 4,040 7.45 3.96 11.00 11.00 O.K. 21,377
9 1 A 516 GR. 65N 2,020 2,020 5.04 1.82 11.00 11.00 O.K. 21,377
2 .6 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS

No. Height t.min tsc. H' H' max ∆H P'max Pmax

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) N/m² N/m²

1 20,700 27.30 28.00 20,700 21,306.77 606.77 5,952.41 5,952.41

2 18,260 24.40 25.00 18,260 18,786.53 526.53 5,165.29 5,165.29
3 15,820 21.49 22.00 15,820 16,266.30 446.30 4,378.18 4,378.18
4 13,380 18.58 19.00 13,380 13,746.06 366.06 3,591.06 3,591.06
5 10,940 15.67 16.00 10,940 11,225.82 285.82 2,803.94 2,803.94
6 8,500 12.77 13.00 8,500 8,705.59 205.59 2,016.82 2,016.82
7 6,060 11.00 11.00 6,060 7,025.43 965.43 9,470.87 2,016.82
8 4,040 11.00 11.00 4,040 7,025.43 2985.43 29,287.07 9,470.87
9 2,020 11.00 11.00 2,020 7,025.43 5005.43 49,103.27 29,287.07

H' = Effective liquid head at design pressure

H' max = Max. liquid head for tsc.
P'max = Max. allowable stress for tsc.
Pmax = Max. allowable stress at shell course.
 BOTTOM & ANNULAR PLATE DESIGN
3 .0 BOTTOM PLATE & ANNULAR PLATE DESIGN
Annular plate used ? ( yes/no ) : yes yes
no
BOTTOM PLATE
(i) Minimum thickness as per API 650 Clause 5.4.1 = 6.00 mm
Minimum thickness required (@ 3.00 mm c.a ) = 9.00 mm
Therefore, use thickness of 9.00 mm (tb) is satisfactory.

(ii) - =- mm
(iii) Min. width of overlapping (cl. 5.1.3.5) = 25 mm
(iv) Min. width of plate (cl. 5.4.1) = 1800 mm
(v) - = 50 mm 50 mm as per 11th edition.

ANNULAR PLATE
(i) Nominal thickness of 1st shell course, tsc1 = 28.00 mm
Hydro. test stress in 1st shell course,
4.9Dn(H-0.3) = 139.33 N/mm²
St =
tsc1
where
Dn = Nominal diameter, Dn ( new ) ( based on 1st shell course ) = 39.028 m
H = Design liquid level = 20.700 m
tsc1 = Nominal thickness of 1st shell course = 28.000 mm

Annular plate thickness ( As per Table 5-1a ) = 6.00 mm

Minimum thickness required (@ 3.00 mm c.a. ) = 9.00 mm
Therefore , use thickness of 16.00 mm (ta) is satisfactory.

(ii) Min. shell-to-bottom fillet welds size (cl. 5.1.5.7) = 13.00 mm

(iii) Min. width projected inside of shell to edge of overlapping (cl. 5.5.2) = 600 mm
(iv) Min. radial width of annular plate (cl. 5.5.2)
215 ta
La = = 756.09 mm
(HL. SG )0.5
where
ta = Annular plate thickness = 16.000 mm
HL = Maximum design liquid level = 20.70 m
SG = Design specific gravity = 1.00
(v) Min. width projected outside of shell ( cl. 5.5.2) = 50 mm
 ROOF TO SHELL JUNCTION CALCULATION

4 .1 DESIGN OF OPEN ROOF TANK - TOP STIFFENER RING

4 .1.1 TOP CURB ANGLE
If the top wind girder is located 600 mm below top of the tank, top curn angle shall be provided.
Location of top wind girders from top of tank, L = 1000 mm

Since L is > 600mm from top of tank, top curb angle is required.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
Minimum required size as per API 650 clause 5.9.3.2 = 76 x 76 x 6.4
Section modulus,Z min = 8380 mm3

MEMBER SIZE USED FOR TOP CURB ANGLE

Actual size for top curb angle = 75 x 75x 10 (Detail a)
Section modulus, Za = 13500 mm3

Since Za > Zmin , therefore the angle size selected is satisfactory.

4 .1.2 TOP WIND GIRDER

The required minimum section modulus of the stiffening ring shall be as follows:-

2
Z= Dc².H2 V = 1007 cm³
17 190 = 10,07,140 mm³
where
Dc = Nominal Tank Diameter = 39.031 m
H2 = Height of tank shell = 20.7 m
V = Wind Velocity = 140.00 km/hr

MEMBER SIZE USED FOR TOP WIND GIDER

Available section modulus
Fabricated Tee- Girder : T 825 x 250 x 8 x 10
Web plate length, L2 = 825 mm
Toe plate length, L3 = 250 mm
Web plate thk, t2 = 8 mm
Toe plate thk, t3 = 10 mm
Min. shell thickness where top wind girder located, tsc.cor = 8.00 mm
tsc.cor = 8.00 mm

10 mm D= 39037 mm
X
2 C1
8
250mm

1 L1=16.tsc.cor = 128 mm
3 X
825 mm

A Y AY h A.h² I = (bd³)/12
(mm²) (mm) (mm³) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
1 2048 4.00 8192 433.61141 385062615 10,923
2 6600 420.5 2775300 17.11141 1932482.4 374343750
3 2,500 838.00 20,95,000 400.39 ######### 20,833
TOTAL 11,148 48,78,492 ######### 37,43,75,506
Neutral axis of combined section, C1 = 438 mm
Moment of inertia of section , Ix-x = 1,16,21,48,161 mm4
Section modulus available, Za = 26,55,662 mm³
Since Za > Zmin , therefore the angle size selected is satisfactory.
 INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS CALCULATION
5 .0 INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS DESIGN
5 .1 MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THE UNSTIFFENED SHELL ( CLAUSE 5.9.7.1 )

SI METRIC UNIT :-

3
H1 = (9.47 ts.cor) ts.cor 190 ² = 9.182 m
x
Dc V = 9182 mm

where ts.cor = Top shell course thickness = 8.00 mm

Dc = Nominal tank diameter = 39.03 m
V = Wind design speed = 140.00 km/hr

5 .2 LOCATION OF INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS

Shell Shell Actual Transposed Since H1 < H2, therefore the intermediate
course thickness width width wind girder is/are required
tsc.cor W Wtr
(mm) (mm) (mm) Minimum number of intermediate wind
1 25.00 2,440 141 girders required,
2 22.00 2,440 195 = 1
3 19.00 2,440 281
4 16.00 2,440 431 Location of intermediate wind girders from
5 13.00 2,440 725 top of tank, Notes : Intermediate wind girders shall not
6 10.00 2,440 1,397 L1 = 4615 mm be attached to the shell within 6"of
7 8.00 2,020 2,020 L2 = - mm a horizontal shell joint. See cl. 5.9.7.5
8 8.00 2,020 2,020 L3 = - mm
9 8.00 2,020 2,020 L4 = - mm
10 - - - L5 = - mm
11 - - -
12 - - -
13 - - -
14 - - -
15 - - -

Height of transformed shell, H2 = 9,230 mm

5 .3 SIZE OF INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS
(a) Required minimum section modulus of intermediate wind girder ( clause 5.9.7.6 )
SI METRIC UNIT :-

2
Z.min = Dc². H1 V = 225.812 cm³
17 190 = 2,25,812.032 mm³
where
Dc = Nominal tank diameter = 39.031 m
H1 = Vertical dist. between inter. wind girder & top angle = 4.615 m
V = Wind design speed = 140.40 km/hr

(b) Available section modulus for intermediate wind girder

Fabricated Tee- Girder : T 405 x 150
Web plate length, L2 = 450 mm
Toe plate length, L3 = 150 mm
Web plate thk, t2 = 8 mm
Toe plate thk, t3 = 8 mm
Min. shell thickness where top wind girder located, tsc.cor = 8.00 mm
tsc.cor = 8.00 mm

8 mm D= 39037 mm
X
2 C1
8
150mm

1 L1=16.tsc.cor = 128 mm
3 X
450 mm

A Y AY h A.h² I = (bd³)/12
(mm²) (mm) (mm³) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
1 2048 4.00 8192 200.64252 82447201 10,923
2 3600 233 838800 28.357477 2894927.3 60750000
3 1,200 462.00 5,54,400 257.36 ######### 6,400
TOTAL 6,848 14,01,392 ######### 6,07,67,323
Neutral axis of combined section, C1 = 205 mm
Moment of inertia of section , Ix-x = 22,55,88,896 mm4
Section modulus available, Za = 8,63,143 mm³
Since Za > Zmin , therefore the angle size selected is satisfactory.
6 .0 WIND LOAD CALCULATION (OVERTURNING STABILITY)
6 .1 WIND DESIGN CALCULATION
Internal design pressure, Pi ( @ 0.0 mbarg. ) = 0 N/mm²
Insulation thickness, ti = 75 mm

Nominal diameter of tank, D = 39,000 mm

Tank height , Hs = 20,700 mm
Roof slope, ß° = 0.000 °
Roof height, Hr = 0 mm
Height from tank bottom to shell centre, Ls = 10,350 mm
Height from tank bottom to roof centre,Lr = 20,700 mm
Min. depth of product (always present in tank) , Hw = 0 mm

Weight of tank,Wt (corroded condition) (@ 5,50,045 kg ) = 53,95,939 N

Weight of product (always present in tank) , Ww = 0 N
Weight of shell + top angle (corroded ), WDL (@ 3,27,512 kg ) = 32,12,898 N

6 .2 WIND FORCE CALCULATION

As per API 650 clause 5.2.1(j), the wind pressure are as follows:-
Wind pressure on conical surfaces, wr (@ 30.00 psf ) = 0.0014369 N/mm²
Wind pressure on cylindrical surfaces, ws (@ 18.00 psf ) = 0.0008621 N/mm²
Wind correction factor, kw (= V /190)² = 1.00

Projected area of roof, Ar ( = 0.5.k.Do.Hr ) = 0 mm²

Projected area of shell, As ( = k.Do.Hs ) = 81,15,64,200 mm²

Total wind load exerted on roof, Fr ( = wr.kw.Ar ) = 0 N

Total wind load exerted on shell, Fs ( = ws.kw.As ) = 6,99,681 N
Total wind moment on tank, Mw ( = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls ) = 7,24,17,00,964 Nmm

6 .3 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST WIND LOADING

Wind Uplift Load

Internal Pressure Load

D/2

Wind load on H
shell, Fr

H/2 Momment about

shell to bottom joint

Dead Load (WDL)

Liquid hold down weight (wa)

For tank to be structurally stable without anchorage, the following uplift criteria shall satisfy:
Criteria 1: 0.6 Mw + Mpi < MDL / 1.5
Criteria 2: Mw + 0.4 Mpi < (MDL +MF) / 2

where:

Mpi = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from design internal pressure
= Uplift thrust on roof due to internal pressure x 1/2 tank diameter
= ( 1/4 p. D2. Pi ). 1/2. D = 0 Nmm

Mw = Overturning moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from horizontal

plus vertical wind pressure
= Total wind moment on tank, ( = Fr.Lr + Fs.Ls ) = 7,24,17,00,964 Nmm

MDL = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from the weight of the
shell and the roof supported by the shell.
= 0.5. D. WDL = 62,65,15,02,376 Nmm
Weight of roof = 0,since it is floating on liquid

MF = Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from liquid weight (wa) = ############# Nmm
= (wa. p D). D
1000 2

wa = Weight of liquid = 59 tb Fby. H = 64,214.21 N/m

H= Design liquid height = 19.2 m
tb = Thickness of Bottom plate under the shell = 16 mm
Fby = Minimum specified yeid stress of the bottom plate under the shell = 241 N/mm2

FOR CRITERIA 1 0.6 Mw + Mpi < MDL / 1.5

0.6 Mw + Mpi = 4,34,50,20,578 Nmm
MDL / 1.5 = 41,76,76,68,251 Nmm

FOR CRITERIA 2 Mw + 0.4 Mpi < (MDL +MF) / 2

Mw + 0.4 Mpi = 7,24,17,00,964 Nmm
(MDL +MF) / 2 = ############# Nmm

Since,
0.6 Mw + Mpi < MDL/1.5, and
Mw +0.4 Mpi < 1/2 (MDL+ MF)

The tank anchorage is NOT REQUIRED.

7 .0 SEISMIC FORCE CALCULATION
7 .1 SEISMIC LOADS DESIGN
7 .1.1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Seismic peak ground acceleration, Sp = 0.3 g
Importance factor, I = 1.50
Site Class = D
Seismic Use Group, SUG = III

Nominal diameter of tank, D = 39,031 mm

Total height of tank shell, Ht = 20,700 mm
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of shell,Xs = 10,350 mm
Maximum design liquid level, H = 20,700 mm
Ht.from bottom shell to COG of roof,Xr = 0 mm
Design specific gravity of liquid, G = 1

Total weight of tank shell, Ws (@ 3,52,948 kg ) = 34,62,418 N

Total weight of tank roof, Wr (@ 0 kg ) = 0 N
Total weight of tank contents, Wp (@ 2,47,28,026 kg ) = 24,25,81,931 N
Total weight of tank bottom, Wf (@ 84,961 kg ) = 8,33,471 N
SDS = 0.9
Note: The total weight of the tank roof will be added to the weight of tank content, SD1 = 0.61875
since the roof is floating on the liquid.
7 .1.2 DESIGN SPECTRAL RESPONSE ACCELERATIONS I/Rwi = 0.375
I/Rwic= 0.75
Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter, Ai

I With I/ Rw
Ai = 2.5 Q Fa So = 0.34
Rwi time (t) Sai (Impulsive)
Sac (Convective)
0 0.1125 0.225
Convective spectral acceleration parameter, Ac T0 = 0.2 Ts 0.135 0.3375 0.675
0.5 0.3375 0.675
When Tc ≤ TL Ts = 0.69 0.3375 0.675
Ts I 0.75 0.309375 0.675
Ac = 2.5 K Q Fa So ≤ Ai = -
Tc Rwc 1 0.23203125 0.675
1.25 0.185625 0.556875
When Tc > TL 1.5 0.1546875 0.4640625
Ts .TL I 1.75 0.132589286 0.3977679
Ac = 2.5 K Q Fa So ≤ Ai = 0.063298299
Tc2 Rwc 2 0.116015625 0.3480469
3 0.07734375 0.2320313
where TL = 4 0.058007813 0.1740234
Q = Scaling factor = 1 5 0.04640625 0.111375
K = Coefficient to adjust the spectral damping from 5% - 0.5% = 1.5 6 0.038671875 0.0773438
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient as per Table E-1 = 1.2 6.63 0.034984739 0.0632983
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient as per Table E-2 = 1.65 8 0.029003906 0.0435059
So = Substitution for seismic peak ground acceleration Sp = 0.3 9 0.02578125 0.034375
Rwi = Force reduction coefficient for impulsive mode as per Table E-4 = 4
Rwc = Force reduction coefficient for convective mode as per Table E-4 = 2
TL = Regional dependent transition period for longer period = 4 s
Spectral Response Acceleration, Sa

ground motion 0.8

Tc = First mode sloshing wave period for convective mode = 6.63 s 0.7
Ts = Fv. S1/ Fa. Ss = 0.69 0.6
0.5
 Spectral Response Acceleration, S
0.5
7 .1.3 CONVECTIVE (SLOSHING ) PERIOD 0.4 Ai = 0.34%g
The first mode sloshing wave period, 0.3
SD1
0.2
Tc = 1.8 Ks √ D = 6.63 s 0.1
0
where, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ks = sloshing period coefficient T0 = 0.138s Ts = 0.69s
Tc

0.578
Ks = 3.68 H = 0.59
tanh
D

Spectral Response Aceleration,

1
0.9
0.8
Fv . S1
Ts = 0.7
Fa . Ss
= 0.69 0.6
Interpolation

Sa
0.5
where, S1 Fv
Fa = Acceleration based site coefficient (at 0.2 sec perios) 0.3 1.8 0.4
as per Table E-1 = 1.2 0.3750 1.6500 0.3
Fv = Velocity-based site coefficient (at 1 sec. period) as per Table E-2 = 1.6500 0.4 1.6 0.2
0.1
S1 = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response 0
acceleration parameter at the period of one second, %g Ss Fa 0 2
Ss = Maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response 0.25 1.6
acceleration parameter at shorts period of 0.2 second, %g 0.7500 1.2000
0.5 1.4
For regions outside USA, sites not defined by ASCE 7 method,
S1 = 1.25 Sp = 0.375
Ss = 2.5 Sp = 0.75

Since Tc > TL , the convective spectral acceleration parameter Ac = 0.06

and the impulsive spectral acceleration parameter Ai = 0.34

7 .2 OVERTURNING STABILITY AGAINST SEISMIC LOADING

7 .2.1 EFFECTIVE MASS OF TANK CONTENTS
Effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight,

For D/H ≥ 1.333,

tanh (0.866.D/H)
Wi = . Wp = 13,76,36,499.10 N
0.866. D/H

For D/H < 1.333,

D
Wi = 1.0 - 0.218 . Wp = - N
H

Since D/H > 1.333 , effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight, Wi = 13,76,36,499.10 N

Effective convective weight,

D 3.67H . Wp
Wc = 0.230 tanh = 10,09,98,137.14 N
H D
7 .2.2 CENTER OF ACTION FOR EFFECTIVE LATERAL FORCES
The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the impulsive liquid force for ringwall moment,

For D/H ≥ 1.333,

Xi = 0.375H = 7762.5 mm

For D/H < 1.333,

D .H
Xi = 0.5 - 0.094 = - mm
H

Since D/H > 1.333 , Xi = 7,762.50 mm

The height from the bottom of the Tank Shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic forces related to the convective liquid force for ringwall moment,

3.67 H
cosh -1
D
Xc = 1.0 - .H = 12,722.55 mm
3.67H 3.67 H
sinh
D D

7 .2.3 OVERTURNING MOMENT

The seismic overturning moment at the base of the tank shell shall be the SRSS summation of the impulsive and convective
components multiplied by the respective moment arms to the center of action of the forces.

Ringwall moment,

2 2
Mrw = [Ai ( Wi. Xi + Ws. Xs + Wr. Xr)] + [Ac (Wc. Xc)] = 3.81453E+11 Nmm

= 381453029.8 Nm

7 .2.4 SHEAR FORCE

The seismic base shear shall be defined as the SRSS combination of the impulsive and convective components.

V= Vi2 + Vc2 = 4,83,26,902.75 N

where, Vi = Ai (Ws + Wr +Wf + Wi) = 4,79,02,181.05 N

Vc = Ac. Wc = 63,93,010.26 N

7 .3 RESISTANCE TO OVERTURNING
7 .3.1 THICKNESS OF THE BOTTOM PLATE UNDER THE SHELL & ITS RADIAL WIDTH
Bottom/Annular plate thickness , ta = 16.00 mm
Thickness of bottom shell course, ts = 28.00 mm
Bottom/Annular plate radial width, Ls = 1200.0 mm
Min. specified yield strength of bottom annulus, Fy = 241.0 N/mm2
Min. specified yield strength of bottom shell course, Fty = 241.0 N/mm2

Anchorage Ratio, J

Mrw
J= = 2.17
D2 ( Wt (1 - 0.4 Av) + Wa )

where,
Av = Vertical earthquake acceleration coefficient = 0.7
Wt = Tank and roof weight acting at base of shell = 28.24 N/mm
wa = Resisting force of the annulus = 94.93 N/mm
 Weight of tank shell and portion of roof supported by the shell,
Ws
Wt = + wrs = 28.24 N/mm
p. D

wrs = Roof load acting on the shell, including 10% of specified

= 0 N/mm
snow load. ( Zero for floating roof)

The resisting force of the annulus,

wa = 99 ta Fy. H. Ge ≤ 196. H. D. Ge = 94,932.54 N/m

wa < 196.H.D.Ge = 1,14,01,67,32,704.00

Ge = Effective specific gravity including vertical seismic effect

= G. (1 - 0.4 Av) = 0.72

Since the anchorage ratio, J > 1.54, the tank is not stable and cannot be self-anchored
for the design load. The tank shall be mechanically anchored.

7 .3.2 ANNULAR PLATE REQUIREMENT

If the thickness of the bottom plate under the shell is thicker than the remainder
of the bottom, then the minimum radial width of the bottom plate,

Fy
L= 0.01723 ta = 1,108.57 mm
H. Ge

The maximum width of annulus for determining the resisting force, 0.035 D = 1,366.09 mm

Since L < 0.035 D, the minimum radial width should be = 1,108.57 mm

And,
Since Ls > L, the bottom/ annular plate width is satisfactory.

7 .3.3 SHELL COMPRESSION

MECHANICALLY-ANCHORED TANKS

Maximum longitudinal shell compression,

1.273 Mrw 1
sc = wt ( 1 + 0.4 Av) +
D2 ts = 12.67 N/mm

7 .3.4 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SHELL COMPRESSION

GHD² ( D in m ) = 40.223 m³/mm²

A=
ts²

For GHD²/(ts²) < 44 m³/mm²,

83.ts
Fc = + 7.5{G.H}½
2.5D = 57.94 N/mm²

For GHD²/(ts²)  44 m³/mm²,

83.ts = - N/mm²
Fc =
D

Therefore, Fa ( < 0.5Fty ) = 57.94 N/mm²

Since sc < Fc, therefore the tank is structurally stable.

7 .4 FREE BOARD FOR SLOSHING WAVE HEIGHT

Sloshing wave height above the product design height,

ds = 0.5 D. Af = 1,647.06 mm

where:
For SUG I and II,
When Tc ≤ 4
1 Ts
Af = K. SD1. I. = 2.5 K Q Fa So I = 0.21
Tc Tc

When Tc > 4
4 4Ts
Af = K. SD1. I. = 2.5 K Q Fa So I = 0.13
Tc 2 Tc 2

For SUG III

When Tc ≤ TL
1 Ts
Af = K. SD1 = 2.5 K Q Fa So = 0.14
Tc Tc

When Tc > TL
TL Ts. TL
Af = K. SD1 = 2.5 K Q Fa So = 0.08
Tc 2 Tc 2

Since SUG is III and Tc > TL , Af = 0.08

For SDS = Q Fa Ss = 0.9 > 0.33g,

Minimum required freeboard, dsreq ( as per Table E-7) = 1,647.06 mm

7 .5 TANK ANCHORAGE
7 .5.1 GEOMETRIC DATA
Number of bolts , N = 86
Dia. of anchor bolt, d = 64 mm
Dia. of anchor bolt,d.corr (less c.a.= 3.000 mm) (min.size.25.4 mm ) = 58 mm
Bolts circle diameter, Da = 39,320 mm
Root area of each hold down bolt, Ab = 2,642 mm²
Spacing between anchor bolts, Sp = 1,436 mm
Notes :- Appendix E.6.22
7 .5.2 MATERIAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Tank diameter Sp max.
Material used : SA 320 Gr L7 Dc < 15240 mm 1828.80 mm
Specific minimum yield stress, Sy = 551.5 N/mm² Dc  15240 mm 3048.00 mm
Allowable tensile strength, St.all ( 0.80Sy ) ( Table 5-21a ) = 441.20 N/mm² ( > 500 mm² min. )
( < 3048.0 mm )
Uplift force due to seismic loading,

1.273 Mrw = 3,65,92,019 N

W AB = - wt ( 1 - 0.4 Av) + wint
Dc²

where
Mrw = Overturing moment due to seismic = 3.81453E+11 Nmm
Dc = Nominal diameter of tank = 39,031 mm
wt = Tank and roof weight acting at base of shell, = 28.24 N/mm
Av = Vertical earthquake acceleration coefficient = 0.70
wint = Uplift thrust due to internal pressure = 0 N/mm

Tensile stress,
sb = WAB / N.Ab = 161.04 N/mm²

Since sb < St.all,therefore the anchor bolt size is satisfactory.